scholarly journals Rock Art Dating and the Peopling of the Americas

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Peopling Of The Americas ◽  
Rock Varnish ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Insight Into

The peopling of the Americas is both the oldest and most frequently researched question in American archaeology. Although rarely considered, early art has the potential to provide insight into questions that may be obscured by other kinds of evidence, particularly stone tools. What part did art play in the peopling of the Americas? This question is addressed starting with a reconsideration of rock varnish chronometrics as applied to Great Basin, eastern California, petroglyphs. This demonstrates, conservatively, that the petroglyph tradition began before 11,100 YBP, probably before 12,600 YBP, and potentially in the 14,000 years range. Comparison of these ages with evidence from other regions in the hemisphere demonstrates substantial artistic and stylistic variation in rock art by the Paleoindian period (circa 10,000–11,000 YBP). This suggests that, while art may have been part of the baggage of the first immigrants, regional cultural traditions had already been developed by the Terminal Pleistocene, if not earlier. The result is evidence for the development of regional cultural diversity in the Americas by Paleoindian times.

Plato's Caves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca LeMoine
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
Contemporary Debate ◽  
Student Protests ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Cultural Engagement ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
Love Of Learning ◽  
Canonical Texts ◽  
Insight Into

From student protests over the teaching of canonical texts such as Plato’s Republic to the use of images of classical Greek statues in white supremacist propaganda, the world of the ancient Greeks is deeply implicated in a heated contemporary debate about identity and diversity. Plato’s Caves defends the bold thesis that Plato was a friend of cultural diversity, contrary to many contemporary perceptions. It shows that, across Plato’s dialogues, foreigners play a role similar to that of Socrates: liberating citizens from intellectual bondage. Through close readings of four Platonic dialogues—Republic, Menexenus, Laws, and Phaedrus—the author recovers Plato’s unique insight into the promise, and risk, of cross-cultural engagement. Like the Socratic “gadfly” who stings the “horse” of Athens into wakefulness, foreigners can provoke citizens to self-reflection by exposing contradictions and confronting them with alternative ways of life. The painfulness of this experience explains why encounters with foreigners often give rise to tension and conflict. Yet it also reveals why cultural diversity is an essential good. Simply put, exposure to cultural diversity helps one develop the intellectual humility one needs to be a good citizen and global neighbor. By illuminating Plato’s epistemological argument for cultural diversity, Plato’s Caves challenges readers to examine themselves and to reinvigorate their love of learning.

scholarly journals Whose Landscape Is It? Remapping Memory and History in Interwar Central Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Nóra Veszprémi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Mental Maps ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Place Memory ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract After the collapse of the Habsburg Empire and the sanctioning of new national borders in 1920, the successor states faced the controversial task of reconceptualizing the idea of national territory. Images of historically significant landscapes played a crucial role in this process. Employing the concept of mental maps, this article explores how such images shaped the connections between place, memory, and landscape in Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Hungarian revisionist publications demonstrate how Hungarian nationalists visualized the organic integrity of “Greater Hungary,” while also implicitly adapting historical memory to the new geopolitical situation. As a counterpoint, images of the Váh region produced in interwar Czechoslovakia reveal how an opposing political agenda gave rise to a different imagery, while drawing on shared cultural traditions from the imperial past. Finally, the case study of Dévény/Devín/Theben shows how the idea of being positioned “between East and West” lived on in overlapping but politically opposed mental maps in the interwar period. By examining the cracks and continuities in the picturesque landscape tradition after 1918, the article offers new insight into the similarities and differences of nation-building processes from the perspective of visual culture.

Investigating “self-conscious” speech: The performance register in Ocracoke English

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Schilling-Estes
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Frequent Contact ◽  
The Past ◽  
Island Community ◽  
Style Shifting ◽  
New Residents ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Regular Patterning

ABSTRACTThis article examines PERFORMANCE SPEECH in the historically isolated island community of Ocracoke, North Carolina. Over the past several decades islanders have come into increasingly frequent contact with tourists and new residents, who often comment on the island's “quaint” relic dialect. In response, some Ocracokers have developed performance phrases that highlight island features, particularly the pronunciation of/ay/ with a raised/backed nucleus, i.e. [Λ-1]. The analysis of/ay/ in the performance and non-performance speech of a representative Ocracoke speaker yields several important insights for the study of language in its social context. First, performance speech may display more regular patterning than has traditionally been assumed. Second, it lends insight into speaker perception of language features. Finally, the incorporation of performance speech into the variationist-based study of style-shifting offers support for the growing belief that style-shifting may be primarily proactive rather than reactive. (Keywords: Ocracoke, performance speech, style-shifting, stylistic variation, register, self-conscious speech.)

scholarly journals Migration and Education: Challengs of Interculturality

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (110) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Lolo Jua Mamani Daza ◽  
Ana Rosario Miaury Vilca ◽  
Liliana Rosario Alvarez Salinas ◽  
Hilda Lizbeth Pinto Pomareda
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Las Casas ◽  
Bartolome De Las Casas ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Real Academia

The teaching work implies facing constant challenges, in all academic senses, and among these, the challenges of cultural diversity in the classroom, where scientific, technological, social and cultural traditions of each person's place of origin coexist in the classroom. This paper evaluates epistemological proposals for intercultural teaching practices. Academic works developed to improve multicultural teaching practice are reviewed. The results show that there has not been a real and conscious debate on multiculturalism in the classroom and aspects related to migration and education. Anthropology has not taken a significant role in the subject. Keywords: Multiculturalism, migration, education. References [1]RAE, «Real Academia Española,» 2021. [Online]. Available: https://dle.rae.es/intercultural#Ra6Zgbj. [Last access: July 01, 2021]. [2]J. Godenzzi, «Equidad en la diversidad. Reflexiones sobre educación e interculturalidad en los Andes y Amazonía,» Centro Bartolomé de Las Casas, , Cuzco-Perú. [3]Y. Harari, De animales a dioses, Titivillus, 2014. [4]V. Rovagnati, E. Pitt y N. Winstone, «Feedback cultures, histories and literacies: international postgraduate students’ experiences,» Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 2021. [5]M. Tovar, «Una América plural: Los retos de la interculturalidad,» La Piragua, vol. 24, nº II, p. 66, 2006. [6]El Universo, «¿Es el Ecuador racista?,» 17 marz0 2003. [Online]. Available: https://www.eluniverso.com/2003/03/17/0001/21/A43872FA22014CF7943CF6B117E70E94.html. [Last access: July 4, 2021]. [7]Ministerio de Cultura, «Discriminación y Racismo en el Perú,» [Online]. Available: https://alertacontraelracismo.pe/discriminacion-y-racismo-en-el-peru. [Last access: July 4, 2021]. [8]Á. Bello y M. Rangel, «ETNICIDAD, "RAZA" Y EQUIDAD EN AMÉRICA LATINAY EL CARIBE,» CEPAL, 2000. [9]Unión europea de protección civil y ayuda humanitaria, «Conociendo a la población refugiada y migrante de Lima Metropolitana,» PNUD, Lima-Perú, 2020. [10]Ministerio de Cultura del Perú, «Estadísticas de reportes,» Ministerio de Cultura del Perú, Lima-Perú, 2013.

scholarly journals Rock Art at Kel Lein Site, Kaimear Islands, Maluku

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Lucas Wattimena ◽  
Marlyn J Salhuteru ◽  
Godlief A Peseletehaha
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Data Recording ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kei Islands ◽  
Art Analysis ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Migration Pathways

Situs Kel Lein di Pulau Kaimear, Kepulauan Kei, adalah salah satu situs gambar cadas yang baru ditemukan. Situs ini dilaporkan pada 2018 dan dilanjutkan dengan perekaman data intensif pada tahun berikutnya. Berbagai motif seni cadas yang tersebar di sepanjang teras, dinding, dan atap ceruk gua dibagi menjadi tujuh panel. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang dikumpulkan dari survei lapangan pada tahun 2018, ditambah data terbaru yang diperoleh pada tahun 2019. Analisis gambar cadas dibagi menjadi beberapa panel di dalam ceruk, terdiri dari tujuh panel. Penelitian ini mencatat 488 motif, yang dikelompokkan menjadi motif figur manusia atau antropomorfik, perahu, alat batu, cap tangan (negatif), jejak kaki, geometris, lingkaran, garis vertikal dan horizontal, wajah atau topeng manusia, ayam atau hewan, tempayan (tembikar), jaring ikan, matahari, bulan, dan panah. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa banyak motif gambar cadas di Situs Kel Lein mengandung berbagai makna. Salah satunya adalah aktivitas manusia yang digambarkan dalam bentuk figuratif. Keragaman motif di Situs Kel Lein menempatkan situs ini pada posisi penting dalam kajian jalur migrasi manusia. Diperkirakan situs ini adalah salah satu lokasi yang cukup ramai disinggahi pada masa lalu. The Kel Lein Site in Kaimear Island, Kei Islands, is a recently discovered rock art site. This site was reported in 2018 and continued with intensive data recording the following year. Various rock art motifs scattered along the terrace, walls, and roof of the niche are divided into seven panels. The approach in this research uses descriptive qualitative. The data collected from a field survey in 2018, plus the latest data obtained in 2019. The rock art analysis is divided into several panels inside the niche, comprising seven panels. This research recorded 488 motifs, grouped into human or anthropomorphic figure, boats, stone tools, hand stencils (negative), footprints, geometric, circles, vertical and horizontal lines, human faces or masks, chickens, jars (pottery), fishing nets, sun, moon, and arrowheads. This research shows that many rock art motifs on the Kel Lein Site show various purposes. One of which is human activity depicted in a figurative form. The diversity of motifs at the Kel Lein Site places this site in a vital position in studying human migration pathways. It is estimated that this site is one of the most visited posts in the past.

Ethnologie

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Anthropology Of Media ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Development Anthropology

Researching cultural diversity is a central subject of social anthropology. 25 authors from institutes in Germany, Austria and Switzerland offer an insight into the subject, its contents and theoretical perspectives. The articles cover a variety of topics: the history of the discipline as well as basic theories and methods, subareas such as business or kinship anthropology, crosscutting issues such as anthropology of media, but also up-to-date specialised fields such as urban or development anthropology. The book is therefore invaluable for students and anyone interested in social anthropology who wants to open up fields of work, theoretical approaches and results of the subject.

4. Islamic and Confucian accounts of the virtues

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Craig A. Boyd ◽  
Kevin Timpe
Keyword(s):  
Confucian Tradition ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Human Good ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This chapter evaluates how two different cultural traditions understand virtue, specifically Islam and Confucianism. The work of Al-Ghazzali provides insight into the central role of virtue for Islam. In living out the five pillars of Islam—the shahadah, salat, zakat, sawm, and the hajj—one becomes a person properly related to Allah and to others. In this context, adab (the manner in which people acquire good character) provides an entrée into Islamic accounts of the virtues. Meanwhile, while there are important differences between the thinkers in the Confucian tradition, they all emphasized the dao (the ‘way’) as providing the highest human good and the proper cosmic ordering of the universe.

Rock-art microbiome: influences on long term preservation of historic and culturally important engravings

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Deirdre B Gleeson ◽  
Matthias Leopold ◽  
Benjamin Smith ◽  
John L Black
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
North West ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Rock Varnish ◽  
Local Parent ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The Burrup Peninsula in north-west Western Australia is home to one of the most substantial collections of rock engravings, or petroglyphs, in the world. These petroglyphs are carved through the dark coloured patina, commonly referred to as rock varnish, into the weathering rind of the local parent rock. Rock varnish is essentially a thin layer of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) oxides and hydroxides with embedded clay minerals, the formation of which is relatively poorly understood. It is generally considered to be a hostile environment for microorganisms due to extreme environmental conditions including low nutrient availability, lack of water, exposure to extreme ultraviolet radiation and intense seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations. However, despite these environmental extremes, microorganisms have been found on and in rock varnish and have been reported as playing a significant role in the formation of rock varnish. Given this, it is likely that any change in local environmental conditions will influence the types and activities of microorganisms found in and on rock varnish and associated rock art. This article focuses on the major influences on the microbiome of culturally important rock art in the Burrup Peninsula and the implications of any environmental change on the rock art itself.

Reconsidering Paleoarchaic Mobility in the Central Great Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
George T. Jones ◽  
Lisa M. Fontes ◽  
Rachel A. Horowitz ◽  
Charlotte Beck ◽  
David G. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained

AbstractAnalyzing technological patterns and source provenance of stone tools, Jones, Beck, Jones, and Hughes (2003) argue that Paleoarchuic groups of the central Great Basin moved within an extensive home range, perhaps reaching 400 km in its longest dimension. The Eastern Conveyance Zone, as they refer to this territory, was aligned with the predominantly north-south trending mountains and valleys of the province. To evaluate this model of mobility, artifacts were collected from the southern part of the Eastern Conveyance Zone for geochemical characterizations. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of 183 obsidian and fine-grained volcanic artifacts identified 12 known rock sources, all from the southern and central sections of the zone. No northern sources are represented among artifacts studied. Revisions of the Eastern Conveyance Zone model are considered in light of these results.

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