scholarly journals Integrated Approach to Investigate the Effect of Leachate on Groundwater around the Ikot Ekpene Dumpsite in Akwa Ibom State, Southeastern Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. George ◽  
A. I. Ubom ◽  
J. I. Ibanga
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Of Burial ◽  
Water Resistivity

Geophysical, geochemical, and hydrogeological measurements have been integrated to assess the effect of leachate on groundwater quality within the dumpsite in Ikot Epene Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria, and its environs. The resistivity values and depth of burial of the geomaterials, constrained by geology, were used in producing resistivity cross sections which show the geoelectric distribution of the subsurface near and away from the dumpsite. The observed high conductivity in subsurface layers closed to the dumpsite is symptomatic of the leachate-loaded conductive fluid leached and drained into the subsurface. The hydrochemical results of some species conform to WHO standards, while some were found to be relatively higher due to dissolution, leaching, and draining of leachate related contaminants in the soil. The correlation indices of the ion pairs show no significant effect on the paired ions, indicating that the significant value of some of the individual ions is not geologic but due to precipitation from the leachate residue. In general, the effect of leachate is more dominant in the immediate groundwater pathway near the dumpsite than aquifer repositories away from it. The crossplots of the water resistivity and bulk resistivity show exponential increase for the different layers.

Données LiDAR aériennes: pertinence de l'interprétation visuelle pour la foresterie

2017 ◽  
Vol 168 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Matthew Parkan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Interactive 3D ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Airborne Lidar Data ◽  
Stem Position

Airborne LiDAR data: relevance of visual interpretation for forestry Airborne LiDAR surveys are particularly well adapted to map, study and manage large forest extents. Products derived from this technology are increasingly used by managers to establish a general diagnosis of the condition of forests. Less common is the use of these products to conduct detailed analyses on small areas; for example creating detailed reference maps like inventories or timber marking to support field operations. In this context, the use of direct visual interpretation is interesting, because it is much easier to implement than automatic algorithms and allows a quick and reliable identification of zonal (e.g. forest edge, deciduous/persistent ratio), structural (stratification) and point (e.g. tree/stem position and height) features. This article examines three important points which determine the relevance of visual interpretation: acquisition parameters, interactive representation and identification of forest characteristics. It is shown that the use of thematic color maps within interactive 3D point cloud and/or cross-sections makes it possible to establish (for all strata) detailed and accurate maps of a parcel at the individual tree scale.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges of Green-Lean: An Integrated System for Sustainable Construction

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadsoroush Tafazzoli ◽  
Ehsan Mousavi ◽  
Sharareh Kermanshachi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Waste Minimization ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Safety Improvement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Industry Professionals

Although the two concepts of lean and sustainable construction have been developed due to different incentives, and they do not pursue the same exact goals, there exists considerable commonality between them. This paper discusses the potentials for integrating the two approaches and their practices and how the resulting synergy from combining the two methods can potentially lead to higher levels of fulfilling the individual goals of each of them. Some limitations and challenges to implementing the integrated approach are also discussed. Based on a comprehensive review of existing papers related to sustainable and lean construction topics, the commonality between the two approaches is discussed and grouped in five categories of (1) cost savings, (2) waste minimization, (3) Jobsite safety improvement, (4) reduced energy consumption, and (5) customers’ satisfaction improvement. The challenges of this integration are similarly identified and discussed in the four main categories of (1) additional initial costs to the project, (2) difficulty of providing specialized expertise, (3) contractors’ unwillingness to adopt the additional requirements, and (4) challenges to establish a high level of teamwork. Industry professionals were then interviewed to rank the elements in each of the two categories of opportunities and challenges. The results of the study highlight how future research can pursue the development of a new Green-Lean approach by investing in the communalities and meeting the challenges of this integration.

scholarly journals The Reaction of Spin–Orbit State-Selected Ca(PJ03) With CH3I, CH2I2, and SF6

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Campbell ◽  
Nick Furio ◽  
Paul J. Dagdigian
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Optical Pumping ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Alkyl Bromide ◽  
The Individual ◽  
State Selection

Chemiluminescence cross sections for reaction of the individual spin–orbit states of metastable Ca(PJ03) with CH3I, CH2I2, and SF6 have been determined by the use of optical pumping state selection. This technique was also used to separate the chemiluminescence arising from the two excited metastable Ca 3P0 and 1D states. The spin–orbit dependence of the chemiluminescence pathway was found to be substantial for the CH3I and CH2I2 reactions and similar to that previously observed for halogen diatom and alkyl bromide reagents. By contrast, no spin–orbit effect was observed for Ca(3P0)+SF6. These results are discussed in terms of our previously presented model for the origin of spin–orbit effects in chemical reactions.

Islamic Finance as a Vehicle to Promote Improved Intellectual Property Rights in the Gulf Cooperation Council

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-442
Author(s):  
Nadia Naim
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Islamic Finance ◽  
Growth Sector ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to assess how Islamic finance can act as a vehicle to enhance the current intellectual property rights regime in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Islamic finance has developed within the constraints of sharia law and has been a growth sector for the GCC. This article will identify the main principles of Islamic finance that contribute to the success of Islamic finance, which can enhance intellectual property protection in the GCC. The main sharia-compliant areas to be considered are musharaka, mudaraba, murabaha, takaful, istisna, ijara, salam and sukuk. The article will outline the founding principles of Islamic finance, the governance of sharia boards, development of Islamic finance in the individual GCC states, different frameworks of sharia-compliant investment products and the impact of intellectual property rights on the varying Islamic finance investment tools. Furthermore, the article will discuss an integrated approach to intellectual property rights which learns lessons from the Islamic finance sector in relation to infrastructure, regulation and sharia compliance. The lessons learnt from Islamic finance will inform the overall framework of recommendations for an Islamic intellectual property model. The use of Islamic finance as a vehicle to promote better intellectual property rights in terms of defining a new intellectual property approach is novel. It is aimed at spearheading further research in this area, and it will form a part of the overall integrated approach proposals to intellectual property protection in the GCC and beyond.

The KATP channel Kir6.2 subunit content is higher in glycolytic than oxidative skeletal muscle fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. R916-R925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Banas ◽  
Charlene Clow ◽  
Bernard J. Jasmin ◽  
Jean-Marc Renaud
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Fiber Damage ◽  
The Individual

It has long been suggested that in skeletal muscle, the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) channel is important in protecting energy levels and that abolishing its activity causes fiber damage and severely impairs function. The responses to a lack of KATP channel activity vary between muscles and fibers, with the severity of the impairment being the highest in the most glycolytic muscle fibers. Furthermore, glycolytic muscle fibers are also expected to face metabolic stress more often than oxidative ones. The objective of this study was to determine whether the t-tubular KATP channel content differs between muscles and fiber types. KATP channel content was estimated using a semiquantitative immunofluorescence approach by staining cross sections from soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles with anti-Kir6.2 antibody. Fiber types were determined using serial cross sections stained with specific antimyosin I, IIA, IIB, and IIX antibodies. Changes in Kir6.2 content were compared with changes in CaV1.1 content, as this Ca2+ channel is responsible for triggering Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Kir6.2 content was the lowest in the oxidative soleus and the highest in the glycolytic EDL and FDB. At the individual fiber level, the Kir6.2 content within a muscle was in the order of type IIB > IIX > IIA ≥ I. Interestingly, the Kir6.2 content for a given fiber type was significantly different between soleus, EDL, and FDB, and highest in FDB. Correlations of relative fluorescence intensities from the Kir6.2 and CaV1.1 antibodies were significant for all three muscles. However, the variability in content between the three muscles or individual fibers was much greater for Kir6.2 than for CaV1.1. It is suggested that the t-tubular KATP channel content increases as the glycolytic capacity increases and as the oxidative capacity decreases and that the expression of KATP channels may be linked to how often muscles/fibers face metabolic stress.

Generalization of the Fahraeus principle for microvessel networks

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. H1324-H1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Pries ◽  
K. Ley ◽  
P. Gaehtgens
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Branch Points ◽  
Velocity Difference ◽  
Rat Mesentery ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Fahraeus Effect ◽  
Flow Cross

Microvessel hematocrits and diameters were determined in each vessel segment between bifurcations of three complete microvascular networks in rat mesentery. Classification of the segments as arteriolar, venular, or arteriovenular (av) was based on flow direction at branch points. Photographic and videomicroscopic mapping was used to obtain quantitative information on the architecture and topology of the networks. This topological information allowed the analysis of hematocrit distribution within a series of consecutive-flow cross sections, each of which carried the total flow through the network. The observed reduction of mean hematocrit in the more peripheral cross sections is explained by the presence of a “vessel” and a “network” Fahraeus effect. The vessel Fahraeus effect results from velocity difference between red cells and blood within the individual vessel segments due to the existing velocity and cell concentration profiles. The network Fahraeus effect is based on the velocity difference of red cells and blood caused by velocity and hematocrit heterogeneity between the vessels constituting any of the complete-flow cross sections. The network Fahraeus effect is found to account for approximately 20% of the total hematocrit reduction and increases toward the most distal cross sections.

scholarly journals Benchmarking homogenization algorithms for monthly data

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. C. Venema ◽  
O. Mestre ◽  
E. Aguilar ◽  
I. Auer ◽  
J. A. Guijarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Simulated Network ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action ES0601: advances in homogenization methods of climate series: an integrated approach (HOME) has executed a blind intercomparison and validation study for monthly homogenization algorithms. Time series of monthly temperature and precipitation were evaluated because of their importance for climate studies and because they represent two important types of statistics (additive and multiplicative). The algorithms were validated against a realistic benchmark dataset. The benchmark contains real inhomogeneous data as well as simulated data with inserted inhomogeneities. Random independent break-type inhomogeneities with normally distributed breakpoint sizes were added to the simulated datasets. To approximate real world conditions, breaks were introduced that occur simultaneously in multiple station series within a simulated network of station data. The simulated time series also contained outliers, missing data periods and local station trends. Further, a stochastic nonlinear global (network-wide) trend was added. Participants provided 25 separate homogenized contributions as part of the blind study. After the deadline at which details of the imposed inhomogeneities were revealed, 22 additional solutions were submitted. These homogenized datasets were assessed by a number of performance metrics including (i) the centered root mean square error relative to the true homogeneous value at various averaging scales, (ii) the error in linear trend estimates and (iii) traditional contingency skill scores. The metrics were computed both using the individual station series as well as the network average regional series. The performance of the contributions depends significantly on the error metric considered. Contingency scores by themselves are not very informative. Although relative homogenization algorithms typically improve the homogeneity of temperature data, only the best ones improve precipitation data. Training the users on homogenization software was found to be very important. Moreover, state-of-the-art relative homogenization algorithms developed to work with an inhomogeneous reference are shown to perform best. The study showed that automatic algorithms can perform as well as manual ones.

An Integrated Approach for Traffic Scene Understanding from Monocular Cameras

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Oeljeklaus
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Scene Perception ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Environment Model ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Spatial Reconstruction ◽  
The Individual

This thesis investigates methods for traffic scene perception with monocular cameras for a basic environment model in the context of automated vehicles. The developed approach is designed with special attention to the computational limitations present in practical systems. For this purpose, three different scene representations are investigated. These consist of the prevalent road topology as the global scene context, the drivable road area and the detection and spatial reconstruction of other road users. An approach is developed that allows for the simultaneous perception of all environment representations based on a multi-task convolutional neural network. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the multi-task approach. In particular, the effects of shareable image features for the perception of the individual scene representations were found to improve the computational performance. Contents Nomenclature VII 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 Outline and contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2 Related Work and Fundamental Background 8 2.1 Advances in CNN...

scholarly journals Qualitative Analysis of Traditional Italian Dishes: FTIR Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Johannes Kiefer ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Emanuela Camilli ◽  
Stefania Marconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Cooking Methods ◽  
Food Research ◽  
The Individual

Italian cuisine and its traditional recipes experience an ever-increasing popularity around the world. The “Integrated Approach” is the key to modern food research and the innovative challenge for analyzing and modeling agro-food systems in their totality. The present study aims at applying and evaluating Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the analysis of complex food matrices and food preparations. Nine traditional Italian recipes, including First courses, One-dish meals, Side courses, and Desserts, were selected and experimentally prepared. Prior to their analysis via FTIR spectroscopy, the samples were homogenized and lyophilized. The IR spectroscopic characterization and the assignment of the main bands was carried out. Numerous peaks, which correspond to functional groups and modes of vibration of the individual components, were highlighted. The spectra are affected by both the preparation procedures, the cooking methods, and the cooking time. The qualitative analysis of the major functional groups can serve as a basis for a discrimination of the products and the investigation of fraud. For this purpose, the FTIR spectra were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Our results show how the utilization of vibrational spectroscopy combined with a well-established chemometric data analysis method represents a potentially powerful tool in research linked to the food sector and beyond. This study is a first step towards the development of new indicators of food quality.

Business plan competitions in developed and emerging economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed Awais Ahmad Tipu
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Business Plan ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Individual

Purpose This paper aims to review the academic literature on business plan competitions in developed and emerging economies to assess the contribution to the knowledge so far and identify research gaps. Design/methodology/approach A variety of databases (such as ABI/Inform Global, Academic Search Complete, Business Source Premier and Emerald Full Text) were used to find peer-reviewed journal articles. Regardless of time, different search terms were used to find relevant journal articles such as business plan competitions, business plan contests, business plan teams, business plan judges, business plan development and business plan scores. After a careful review of the identified articles, a total of 22 articles were included in the final review. The articles in the final set were manually coded using the thematic codes. Findings Despite the popularity of business plan competitions, limited academic literature exists, particularly in the context of emerging economies. A total of 16 out of 22 studies are conducted in developed economies. The findings suggest that the literature on business plan competitions is largely centered on the structure of business plan competitions, the characteristics of the participating teams and the benefits of business plan competitions. The individual level benefits of business plan competitions include the development of entrepreneurial skills, opportunity for networking and access to mentors. Business plan competitions can be better aligned with public policy, particularly in case of emerging economies. Therefore, a more focused and integrated approach among industry, academia and government in encouraging business plan competitions could potentially make a far-reaching impact in establishing an enterprising society. While much is known about the structure and the benefits of business plan competitions, there are various research gaps which need to be addressed. Originality/value The current paper is the first identifiable review of the literature on business plan competitions. The proposed questions for future research will potentially help in addressing the identified research gaps.

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