Rostow’s Stages of Growth and Bangladesh: To Which Stage Does Bangladesh Belong?

Albeit facing ample challenges as encountered by most developing countries of the world, Bangladesh’s economy has consistently been prepared for take-off. There are quite a number of glairing failures but the commendable successes it has attained throughout the last one and a half-decade in macro-management of the economy have shaped a ground for take-off, which may pave the way for resolving many of the critical development problems such as poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and low productivity within a foreseeable future. This is not a synthetic arrangement to sterilize pessimism into the expectation of false hope, rather assist build, in what has already been attained, a foundation for what ought to be done next. It is rather some sort of confidence-building based on some positive modification that has already taken place within the economy. From the five stages growth model of Rostow, the stage ‘take-off’ has been deliberately chosen to precise an emphatic drive that a developing country needs in setting dynamism in its economy for sustained development. The stipulations for ‘transition’ and therefore the ground setting required for ‘take-off’ are planned as prompt and timely actions needed for a desperate nation aspiring fast development of the country. This study depicts the different stages of Rostow’s growth model and tries to figure out the current stage of growth of Bangladesh. The study also employs how Bangladesh’s development model and development management model play an important role to spice up the growth sector and the acceleration of the economic uplift of the country.

Rental Fictions

This chapter begins with a review of twentieth-century rent regulation in New York City, which enables the section to show how the erosion of rent regulation in the 1990s paved the way for the financialization of housing in the 2000s. It shows how historically devalued lands can become new sources of profit without requiring wholesale regulatory transformation. While protective countermovements against housing market liberalization have tended to operate through an individualistic logic of consumer protection, the chapter explicates how such efforts have tacitly accepted commodity housing as an inevitable future, with the result that speculative investment in rent-regulated housing has emerged as a major growth sector. Parallel fictions of “undervalued assets” focused on core, upmarket Manhattan districts and “mismanaged assets” focused on lower-income, mostly outer-borough neighborhoods have helped financial institutions engineer the facts of rising rent. Ultimately, the chapter investigates how these narratives of undervalued assets and mismanaged resources operate as fictions driving housing financialization.

Distribution of Trace Elements Controlled by Sector and Growth Zonings in Zircon from Feldspathic Pegmatites (Ilmen Mountains, the Southern Urals)

The present study contains the detailed ion microprobe data on trace and rare earth elements distribution in the large zircon crystal about 10 × 6 mm in size with distinct growth and sector zonings from Ilmen Mountains feldspathic pegmatite. The zircon crystal morphology is a combination of a prism {110} and a dipyramid {111}. It is found out that the growth sector of the prism {110} generally contains higher concentrations of Th, U, REE, Y, and Nb and exhibits a more gently sloping HREE distribution pattern and a steeper LREE distribution pattern, in contrast to zircon from the growth sector of the dipyramid {111} development. Such a sector zoning pattern was formed at a late stage in crystal growth, when the prism {110} began to prevail over the dipyramid {111}. The zircon studied displays the growth zoning formed of alternating bands in back-scattered electron (BSE) image: wide dark and thin light bands. The last ones contain elevated Th, U, REE, Y, Nb, and Ti concentrations, Th/U ratio and Ce/Ce*. This growth zoning is most probably due to simultaneous crystallization of other minerals that concentrate trace elements, e.g., apatite and monazite, and the lack of equilibrium between zircon and fluid (melt).

Islamic Finance as a Vehicle to Promote Improved Intellectual Property Rights in the Gulf Cooperation Council

The purpose of this article is to assess how Islamic finance can act as a vehicle to enhance the current intellectual property rights regime in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Islamic finance has developed within the constraints of sharia law and has been a growth sector for the GCC. This article will identify the main principles of Islamic finance that contribute to the success of Islamic finance, which can enhance intellectual property protection in the GCC. The main sharia-compliant areas to be considered are musharaka, mudaraba, murabaha, takaful, istisna, ijara, salam and sukuk. The article will outline the founding principles of Islamic finance, the governance of sharia boards, development of Islamic finance in the individual GCC states, different frameworks of sharia-compliant investment products and the impact of intellectual property rights on the varying Islamic finance investment tools. Furthermore, the article will discuss an integrated approach to intellectual property rights which learns lessons from the Islamic finance sector in relation to infrastructure, regulation and sharia compliance. The lessons learnt from Islamic finance will inform the overall framework of recommendations for an Islamic intellectual property model. The use of Islamic finance as a vehicle to promote better intellectual property rights in terms of defining a new intellectual property approach is novel. It is aimed at spearheading further research in this area, and it will form a part of the overall integrated approach proposals to intellectual property protection in the GCC and beyond.

Analysis and Forecasting the Agriculture Production Sector in Rwanda

Agriculture production is a crucial economic growth sector, especially for developing countries like Rwanda. Resulted from investments boosting in several areas, Rwanda experienced stable economic growth, where agriculture provides a vital contribution and significant Policies adopted for agriculture improvement. However, the sector's future development still unclear as it is manifesting decrement shares over the years in the county's economy and workforce. No research has yet projected the sector's future production to explain the sector's trend, allowing the government and partners to formulate strategies accordingly. This paper analyzes the sector's economic contribution over several years and forecasts its future. The useful combined grey model predicts the sector's production where a nonlinear grey Bernoulli model (NGBM) with an added optimal parameter (NGBM-OP) is used for the prediction after comparison to others. Outcomes in the sample size from 1960 to 2017, confirm the NGBM-OP as the reliable compared with other prediction models then becomes the best for forecast up to 2030. The obtained sector's production forecast, results pointed out the sector's slow production increment in the future. Suggest its improvement based on investment attractions, especially the young generation through financial facilitation, farmer's training, and opportunity awareness.

Assessment of the Decoupling Effect Based on the Regions of the Southern Federal District

The research aims to analyze the decoupling effect when assessing the ecological and economic condition of the regions of the Southern Federal District. The article suggests the results of studying the indicators and systems of indicators of sustainable development applied in the global practice. In addition, the article reveals the need of a wider application of the decoupling analysis, when assessing the ecological and economic condition of the regions. Moreover, the research presents a unique methodology of the extended decoupling analysis, which allows defining six qualitatively different sectors of the ecological and economic condition of the regions which comprise: three sectors reflecting the decoupling effect (the “absolute” decoupling effect sector, the “normal” economic growth sector and the sector of the accelerated decline of environmental pollution) and three more sectors with no decoupling effect (the rapid economic growth sector, the accelerated economic decline sector and the crisis sector). The authors test the suggested methodology using the Southern Federal District regions as an example and assess the effectiveness of the regions’ economic growth from the point of view of sustainable development principles. Rostov Region has the best ecological and economic condition among the Southern Federal District regions over 2010–2016, whereas the worst results are typical of Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea. Furthermore, the research found out the general deterioration of the ecological and economic condition of the Southern Federal District regions in 2015 and 2016. The suggested models and calculation methodologies can be applied in monitoring and assessing the ecological and economic condition of the regions in order to estimate regional management decisions and elaborate mechanisms of supporting “green” projects. The assessment of either presence or absence of the decoupling effect and its extended analysis will allow making further conclusions on the social and economic condition of the regions and assessing the effectiveness of regional management decisions at the regional level.

Analisis Tipologi Wilayah Berdasarkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Sektor Basis Dan Disparitas Pendapatan

Success Economic development in developing countries can be measured by high economic growth and income distribution. Many economic growth approaches are carried out in several regions in developing regional economic sectors which are expected to increase equity. The research methodology used is descriptive quantitative which explains the results of the calculation to see the condition of the area under study. The purpose of this paper is to determine the condition of regencies / cities in East Java Province based on economic growth, sector basis and the number of income disparities. Based on the results of the study showed that East Java Province was dominated by the quadrant IV category based on the Agriculture sector with a high rate of income disparity.