scholarly journals ECM Inspired Coating of Embroidered 3D Scaffolds Enhances Calvaria Bone Regeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rentsch ◽  
B. Rentsch ◽  
S. Heinemann ◽  
R. Bernhardt ◽  
B. Bischoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Defect Area ◽  
Calvarial Defects ◽  
Polymeric Implants

Resorbable polymeric implants and surface coatings are an emerging technology to treat bone defects and increase bone formation. This approach is of special interest in anatomical regions like the calvaria since adults lose the capacity to heal large calvarial defects. The present study assesses the potential of extracellular matrix inspired, embroidered polycaprolactone-co-lactide (PCL) scaffolds for the treatment of 13 mm full thickness calvarial bone defects in rabbits. Moreover the influence of a collagen/chondroitin sulfate (coll I/cs) coating of PCL scaffolds was evaluated. Defect areas filled with autologous bone and empty defects served as reference. The healing process was monitored over 6 months by combining a novel ultrasonographic method, radiographic imaging, biomechanical testing, and histology. The PCL coll I/cs treated group reached 68% new bone volume compared to the autologous group (100%) and the biomechanical stability of the defect area was similar to that of the gold standard. Histological investigations revealed a significantly more homogenous bone distribution over the whole defect area in the PCL coll I/cs group compared to the noncoated group. The bioactive, coll I/cs coated, highly porous, 3-dimensional PCL scaffold acted as a guide rail for new skull bone formation along and into the implant.

Bone Formation Effect of HA/β-TCP Composite Powders in Rabbit Calvarial Bone Defects: Histologic Study

2007 ◽  
pp. 1331-1334
Author(s):  
Hyun Seon Jang ◽  
Kwang Ho Lee ◽  
Moon Jin Jeong ◽  
Joo Cheol Park ◽  
Heung Joong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Histologic Study ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Calvarial Bone

scholarly journals Osseous Healing in Surgically Prepared Bone Defects Using Different Grafting Materials: An Experimental Study in Pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savvas Titsinides ◽  
Theodore Karatzas ◽  
Despoina Perrea ◽  
Efstathios Eleftheriadis ◽  
Leonidas Podaropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Regeneration of large jaw bone defects still remains a clinical challenge. To avoid incomplete bone repair, bone grafts have been advocated to support the healing process. This study comparatively evaluated new bone formation among a synthetic graft substitute, a human bone derivative, and a bovine xenograft. Materials were placed in 3 out of the 4 bone cavities, while 1 deficit was left empty, serving as a control, in mono-cortical defects, surgically prepared in the porcine calvaria bone. Animals were randomized in 2 groups and euthanized at 8 and 12 weeks. Harvested tissue specimens were qualitatively evaluated by histology. New bone formation was quantitatively measured by histomorphometry. Maximum new bone formation was noticed in defects grafted with beta-tricalcium phosphate b-TCP compared to the other bone substitutes, at 8 and 12 weeks post-surgery. Bovine and human allograft induced less new bone formation compared to empty bone cavity. Histologic analysis revealed that b-TCP was absorbed and substituted significantly, while bovine and human allograft was maintained almost intact in close proximity with new bone. Based on our findings, higher new bone formation was detected in defects filled with b-TCP when compared to bovine and human graft substitutes.

scholarly journals Effect of Stromal Vascular Fraction on Fracture Healing with Bone Defects by Examination of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Biomarkers in Murine Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 1132-1136
Author(s):  
Respati S. Dradjat ◽  
Panji Sananta ◽  
Rizqi Daniar Rosandi ◽  
Lasa Dhakka Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein

BACKGROUND: Fractures and segmental bone defects are a significant cause of morbidity and a source of a high economic burden in healthcare. A severe bone defect (3 mm in murine model) is a devastating condition, which the bone cannot heal naturally despite surgical stabilization and usually requires further surgical intervention. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) contains a heterogeneous collection of cells and several components, primarily: MSCs, HSCs, Treg cells, pericytic cells, AST cells, extracellular matrix, and complex microvascular beds (fibroblasts, white blood cells, dendritic cells, and intra-adventitial smooth muscular-like cells). Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is widely known for their important role in bone formation during mammalian development and confers a multifunctional role in the body, which has potential for therapeutic use. Studies have shown that BMPs play a role in the healing of large size bone defects. AIM: In this study, researchers aim to determine the effect of administering SVF from adipose tissue on the healing process of bone defects assessed based on the level biomarker of BMP-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an animal study involving 12 Wistar strain Rattus norvegivus. They were divided into three groups: Negative group (normal rats), positive group (rats with bone defect without SVF application), and SVF group (rats with bone defect with SVF application). After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed; the biomarkers that were evaluated are BMP-2. This biomarker was quantified using ELISA. RESULTS: BMP-2 biomarker expressions were higher in the SVF application group than in the group without SVF. All comparisons of the SVF group and positive control group showed significant differences (p = 0.026). CONCLUSION: SVF application could aid the healing process in a murine model with bone defect marked by the increased level of BMP-2 as a bone formation marker.

Bone formation effect of HA/β-TCP composite powders in rabbit calvarial bone defects: Histologic study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Ho Lee ◽  
Hyun-Seon Jang ◽  
Joo-Cheol Park ◽  
Heung-Joong Kim ◽  
Chong-Kwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Histologic Study ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Calvarial Bone

Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Rat Mandibular Bone Defects

2019 ◽  
Vol 207 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 138-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubia Teodoro Stuepp ◽  
Priscilla Barros Delben ◽  
Filipe Modolo ◽  
Andrea Gonçalves Trentin ◽  
Ricardo Castilho Garcez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mandibular Bone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Dental Pulp

This study aimed to evaluate the use of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in non-critical-sized mandibular bone defects in rats. hDPSCs from permanent teeth were isolated and engrafted in mandibular bone defects in rats for 7, 14, and 28 days; bone defects without cells formed the control group. Samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and the regeneration area was measured by the Image J program. Before surgery procedures, the human dental pulp cells were characterized as dental pulp stem cells: fusiform morphology, plastic-adherent; expression of CD105, CD73, and CD90; lack of expression of CD45 and CD34, and differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. The results indicated that within 7 days the control group presented a pronounced bone formation when compared with the treated group (p < 0.05). After 14 days, the treated group showed an increase in bone formation, but with no statistical difference among the groups (p > 0.05). In the final evaluated period there was no difference between the control group and the treated group (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between 7 and 14 days (p < 0.05) and between 7 and 28 days (p < 0.05) in the treated group. In conclusion, there is no evidence that the use of hDPSCs in the conditions of this study could improve bone formation in non-critical-sized mandibular bone defects.

scholarly journals Efficacy of extracellular vesicles from dental pulp stem cells for bone regeneration in rat calvarial bone defects

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Imanishi ◽  
Masaki Hata ◽  
Ryohei Matsukawa ◽  
Atsushi Aoyagi ◽  
Maiko Omi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Observation ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Calvarial Bone

Abstract Background Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to be secreted by various cells. In particular, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have tissue repair capacity and anti-inflammatory properties. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are MSCs isolated from pulp tissue, are less invasive to the body than other MSCs and can be collected from young individuals. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of EVs secreted by DPSCs (DPSC-EVs) for bone formation. Methods DPSC-EVs were isolated from the cell culture medium of DPSCs. DPSC-EVs were unilaterally injected along with collagen (COL), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or hydroxyapatite (HA) into rat calvarial bone defects. The effects of DPSC-EVs were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological observation. Results Micro-CT showed that administration of DPSC-EVs with the abovementioned scaffolds resulted in bone formation in the periphery of the defects. DPSC-EVs/COL specifically resulted in bone formation in the center of the defects. Histological observation revealed that DPSC-EVs/COL promoted new bone formation. Administration of DPSC-EVs/COL had almost the same effect on the bone defect site as transplantation of DPSCs/COL. Conclusions These results suggest that DPSC-EVs may be effective tools for bone tissue regeneration.

Bone Regenerative Property of Octacalcium Phosphate in Mouse Critical Sized Calvarial Defects

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1253-1256
Author(s):  
Yoshitomo Honda ◽  
Shinji Kamakura ◽  
Takashi Kumagai ◽  
Osamu Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Octacalcium Phosphate ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Calvarial Bone ◽  
Calvarial Defects ◽  
Wet Synthesis

Bone regeneration by calcium phosphates has been known to be intricately dependent on material properties or implanted milieu of host animals, such as site and species. Critical sized calvarial defects of mouse were recently used as the model for investigating bone regeneration ability and the mechanisms. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the critical sized mouse calvarial defects can be utilized to examine bone regeneration with synthetic octacalcium phosphate (OCP). OCP , prepared by wet synthesis methods, was sieved 0.3 ~ 0.5 mm in diameter and used for the animal experiment. At 14 days after surgery, histological examination showed that implantation of OCP grafted defects significantly enhanced bone formation compared with the control defect. OCP tended to convert to hydroxyapatite with time. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclastic cells were observed around the OCP particles. The results suggest that the mouse critical sized calvarial bone defects are useful model to investigate the bone formation by the OCP implantation.

scholarly journals Effect of topical Insulin administration on bone defect healing in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Mahmoud Mahmoud ◽  
Hanyabd-elhamed Sheriff ◽  
Abd-elnasserabd-Elmoala Ismael ◽  
Alaaabd-alla Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: insulin has been reported to possess anabolic effect on bone. Topical application of insulin in bone defects in diabetic rats has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of topical administration of insulin for the restoration of tibial bone defects in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Sixteen adult male albino diabetic rats were grouped into two equal groups, group I (diabetic control) which had not received any graft, group II (experimental) which was diabetic and had received topical insulin loaded on PVP (Polyvinylpyrrolidone). Specimens were harvested on days seven and twenty eight days after surgical procedures, prepared and examined histologically by H&E (haematoxylin and eosin) stain, there were wide histological differences between the groups of this study along the different intervals of the study.Results:The histological results demonstrated that there was obvious retardation in resolving the inflammatory phase, organization of the blood clot and bone formation in the diabetic control group I than the experimental group II along the different intervals of this study. Moreover, there was great acceleration in granulation tissue formation, organization and bone formation in experimental group II which received the insulin PVP. Discussion: The enhancement in bone healing process was due to the effect of insulin which accelerates the bone regeneration by means of inflammation resolve, angiogenesis, proliferation and successive differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Conclusion: Topical applications of insulin in bone defects enhance new bone formation in diabetic rats.KEYWORDSInsulin; Bone defect; Tibia; Diabetes; Rats.

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