scholarly journals Ecology of Interstitial Faunal Assemblage from the Beaches along the Coast of Kerala, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Geetha Priyalakshmi ◽  
N. R. Menon
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Carbon Particle ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods ◽  
Interstitial Fauna ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

A quantitative and qualitative study of interstitial fauna and environmental variables was carried out on five selected sandy beaches of the west coast of India. Species of nine interstitial taxa abound the beaches. Nematodes, harpacticoid copepods, turbellarians, and polychaetes constituted the bulk of the population. The available energy in the beaches ranged from 0.2245 to 16.08 joules/mg and the grain size varied from 0.93 to 2.88φ. Organic matter correlated significantly with coarse sand (Pearson correlation r=0.651; P<0.01). Organic carbon, particle size, and dissolved oxygen determined the abundance and distribution of interstitial fauna as per multivariate BIOENV analysis. Shannon Wiener H′ diversity index was maximum at Cherai (2.027) and minimum at Sakthikulangara (1.144) beach. The value of nematode/copepod ratio (N  (2A)/C>10) indicated at Sakthikulangara beach validates the increased sensitivity of harpacticoids to environmental stress.

Temporal and spatial variability in the community structure of the fauna of four sandy beaches in south-eastern New South Wales.

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Four intertidal sandy beaches with different exposures, La Perouse, Ocean Beach, Dolls Point, and Towra Point, were studied for temporal and spatial changes in faunal composition and community structure. Each of these beaches was sampled from 6 to 12 times between July 1980 and July 1981 using a 500 �m sieve. A stratified random sampling procedure across the intertidal zone isolated 40 660 individuals representing 85 species. Distribution and abundance of species were strongly influenced by tidal level. Densities changed during the year but no seasonal changes in intertidal zonation patterns were found. Changes in density were correlated with the reproductive activities of the abundant species, especially Pseudolana concinna and Exoediceros maculosus at La Perouse, and Spio pacifica at Dolls Point and Towra Point. The number of species increased from high to low tide, and also increased with decreasing exposure to wave action. Crustaceans dominated the fauna in the most exposed site and decreased in abundance with increasing protection. Ocean Beach experienced the least fluctuation in physical factors such as wave action, salinity, and temperature, and its fauna exhibited the highest diversity index (H') and evenness (J'), the most stable density, and the greatest stability in faunal composition through time. The highest densities and the most species were found at Towra Point, which also was the most protected site.

Meiobenthic diversity in space and time: The case of harpacticoid copepods in two Mediterranean microtidal sandy beaches

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Sevastou ◽  
Nikolaos Lampadariou ◽  
Anastasios Eleftheriou
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Harpacticoid Copepods

scholarly journals A Complexity-Entropy Based Approach for the Detection of Fish Choruses

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashidhar Siddagangaiah ◽  
Chi-Fang Chen ◽  
Wei-Chun Hu ◽  
Nadia Pieretti
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Acoustic Diversity ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Robust To Noise

Automated acoustic indices to infer biological sounds from marine recordings have produced mixed levels of success. The use of such indices in complex marine environments, dominated by several anthropogenic and geophonic sources, have yet to be understood fully. In this study, we introduce a noise resilient method based on complexity-entropy (hereafter named C-H) for the detection of biophonic sounds originating from fish choruses. The C-H method was tested on data collected in Changhua and Miaoli (Taiwan) during the spring in both 2016 and 2017. Miaoli was exposed to continual shipping activity, which led to an increase of ~10 dB in low frequency ambient noise levels (5–500 Hz). The acoustic dataset was successively analyzed via the acoustic complexity index, the acoustic diversity index and the bioacoustic index. The C-H method was found to be strongly correlated with fish chorusing (Pearson correlation: rH < −0.9; rC > 0.89), and robust to noise originating from shipping activity or natural sources, such as wind and tides (rH and rC were between 0.22 and −0.19). Other indices produced lower or null correlations with fish chorusing due to missed identification of the choruses or sensitivity to other sound sources. In contrast to most acoustic indices, the C-H method does not require a prior setting of frequency and amplitude thresholds, and is therefore, more user friendly to untrained technicians. We conclude that the use of the C-H method has potential implications in the efficient detection of fish choruses for management or conservation purposes and could help with overcoming the limitations of acoustic indices in noisy marine environments.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Flower Visiting Insects on Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench.) in Chitwan, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-385
Author(s):  
L.N. Aryal ◽  
R.B. Thapa ◽  
S. Tiwari ◽  
N.K. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Flower Visiting ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Pan Traps

This paper presents the finding of the field experiment conducted on monitoring of flower visiting insects on buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) at farmers’ field during winter, 2012/13 at Meghauli, Chitwan, Nepal. The abundance and distribution of flower visiting insects were studied by monitoring with insect net and pan traps at 500 m, 1500 m and 2800 m from the natural habitat (forest). The wild insects (wasps and Apis dorsata F.) were found higher near to natural habitat and domesticated insects (Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana F.) found more away from the natural habitat or close to housing and apiaries. Besides, Apis florea F., Andrena sp., Synoeca sp., Chalcid sp., Formica sp., Syrphus sp. and various Dipteran, Coleopteran, and Lepidopteran were also the flower visitors of buckwheat close to natural habitat. So, the diversity index varied with distance from the natural habitat, i.e. increase on proximity to natural habitat, i.e. 1.11, 1.25 and 1.62 at 2800 m, 1500 m and 500 m, respectively on sweeping with insect net and 0.65, 1.04 and 1.30 at 2800 m, 1500 m and 500 m, respectively on setting pan traps. Thus, the number and diversity of flower visiting insects get increased on proximity to natural habitat suggesting either conservation of natural habitat (forest) near farming communities or shifting of buckwheat cultivation near to natural habitat for adequate pollination and production.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 380-385

scholarly journals Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
URFI IZZATI ◽  
HAYATI SARI HASIBUAN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Diversity ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Tree

Abstract. Izzati U, Hasibuan HS. 2019. Riparian tree and bird diversity in Cisadane River, South Tangerang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 595-603. Riparian is a riverbank area that has unique characteristics. It is a combination of terrestrial with aquatic habitats so that riparian ecosystems have high biodiversity values. Riparian is included in a protected area that is naturally designated for vegetation, but in reality, riparian areas, especially in urban areas, have a lot of conversion of land functions by humans so that it can disrupt diversity of tree and bird species. This study aims to identify the diversity of tree and bird species and the correlation between the two. Riparian length of Cisadane River, South Tangerang City is 20.15 km. The method used was plot line with size of 20 m x 20 m for tree data and line transect for bird data by systematic sampling with a random start then analyzed using Shannon Wiener index. The results obtained were found 22 tree species included in 11 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.707 and 40 bird species belonging to 25 families with species diversity index (H') of 2.794. The diversity of tree and bird species is classified as medium. The results of the analysis using the Pearson correlation between the diversity of tree with bird species obtained that there was no relationship between the two. Based on these results, riparian zones in urban areas need to be maintained and improved in quality so that the diversity of tree and bird species increases so as to create a stable ecosystem.

scholarly journals Relationship between water quality assessment and phytoplankton community structure of M River in Shijiazhuang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Ziqi Zhang ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Zemeng Duan ◽  
Hongyan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Phytoplankton Community Structure ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Quality Indexes

On the basis of the “Environmental quality standard for surface water” (GB 3838-2002) in China, eight water quality indexes were measured in M River, including pH, water temperature (T), transparency (SD), dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical needs Oxygen (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP). Using the single factor index method, it is concluded that the water pollution of M River is serious and the water quality is beyond Grade V of water environment standard. Moreover some indexes of the water quality meet with the standard level, including COD, NH3-N, TN and TP. The Pearson correlation analysis is conducted between water quality indexes and phytoplankton community parameters. After phytoplankton qualitative and quantitative analysis, the phytoplankton community characteristics in Minxin River were analyzed by Dominance index (Y), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), Margalef Species diversity index (d) and Pielou evenness index (J). H’ and TN was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.923, P <0.05); J and COD was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.918, P <0.05); There was a very significant negative correlation between d and water temperature (T), COD, NH3-N, TN (r =-0.881, P <0.01; r =-0.983, P <0.01; r =-0.893, P <0.01; r=-0.962, P<0.01). The result of the research indicates that T, COD, NH3-N and TN are main water quality indexes affecting phytoplankton community structure.

scholarly journals Changes of Intestinal Flora and Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yan Lv ◽  
Gang Ren ◽  
Xiaojun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Control Group

Objective. To explore the changes of intestinal flora and lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods. 60 CRF patients who were treated from June 2018 to June 2019 were selected; 60 healthy persons were selected as the control group. 16S rDNA was used to detect the expression of Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium in the feces of the two groups. Illumina Miseq sequencing (Solexa sequencing technology) method was used to analyze the structural differences and species diversity of intestinal flora, including species richness index (Chao) and diversity index (Shannon, Simpson). Flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of lymphocytes and their subgroups of the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between Chao and lymphocyte subsets. Results. The number of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus in CRF group were higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ), while the Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Bifidobacterium were opposite ( P < 0.05 ). The Simpson index of the CRF group was lower than that of the control group, while the Chao index and Shannon index were opposite ( P < 0.05 ). The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ in the CRF group were lower than those in the control group, while the levels of CD14+, CD19+, and CD16+/CD56+ were opposite ( P < 0.05 ). The intestinal flora Chao index of CRF group was negatively correlated with the levels of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ (r = −0.692, P = 0.019 ; r = −0.669, P = 0.021 ; r = −0.603, P = 0.028 ). The intestinal flora Chao of CRF group is positively correlated with the level of CD14+ and CD16+/CD56+ (r = 0.615, P = 0.026 ; r = 0.758, P = 0.016 ). Conclusion. There are intestinal flora disorder and the imbalance of immune function in CRF patients, which are mainly manifested in the change of intestinal flora structure, the increase of richness and diversity of intestinal flora, and the decrease of lymphocyte subgroups. There is correlation between the imbalance of intestinal colony and the imbalance of immune function.

scholarly journals Abundance and distribution of microplastics on sandy beaches of Lima, Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 110877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Enrique De-la-Torre ◽  
Diana Carolina Dioses-Salinas ◽  
Jasmin Marlith Castro ◽  
Rosabel Antay ◽  
Naomy Yupanqui Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

Notes On molluscan meiofauna from Plymouth

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luitfried V. Salvini-Plawen
Keyword(s):  
Personal Communication ◽  
First Record ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Marine Biological Association ◽  
Preliminary Examination ◽  
Marine Sand ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Interstitial Fauna ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fine Gravel

Preliminary examination of marine meiofauna from the Plymouth area, especially on mesopsammic representatives, resulted in the finding of several typically interstitial Mollusca. Among them, Caecum glabrum, Hedylopsis spiculifera, and Philinoglossa praelongata were recorded live for the first time in the area. This is also the first record of Ph. praelongata outside the Mediterranean Sea.During a short stay at the Marine Biological Association Laboratory some preliminary studies on meiofauna were made. To obtain information especially about the interstitial fauna of marine sand, three typical samples of coarse sediment from different positions were examined.Sample A: Plymouth Sound, Outer Cawsand Bay, Queens Ground, 50°20' 03“ N, 4° 10' 27” W; ca. 6 fathoms (=11 m); coarse sand, about 6 1 examined (14 September 1982).Sample B: Plymouth Sound, southwest of Drake Island, 50° 21' 06“ N, 4° 09' 50” W; ca. 7 fathoms (= 13 m); coarse shell-sand, about 1 1 examined (15 September 1982).Sample C: outer Plymouth Sound, 50° 18' 51“ N, 4° 10' 30” W; ca. 12 fathoms (– 22 m); fine gravel, about 1 1 examined (15 September 1982).In this contribution only the gastropods are dealt with; other meiofauna will be treated ina later communication. The sole previous report of mesopsammic fauna from the Plymouth area is that of Spooner (1959). He examined two samples, one of which (Plymouth Sound) was taken fairlyclose to the above sample A, about 18“ more to the West at 4–5–5–5 fathoms (8–10 m; G. R. Forster, personal communication).

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