scholarly journals Hepatitis B e Antigen Seroconversion Is Related with the Function of Dendritic Cells in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjing Lin ◽  
Hai Zou ◽  
Shumin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbsag Carrier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Stimulatory Capacity ◽  
Inactive Hbsag Carrier

Aim. To investigate the relationship between hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion and the function of dendritic cells (DC) in patients with hepatitis B virus.Methods. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 21 chronic HBV patients in immune tolerance state, 23 patients in inactive HBsAg carrier state, and 10 healthy HBV-naive blood donors were incubated and induced into DC in presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), respectively. The expressions of surface markers on DC were detected by flow cytometry, and the stimulatory capacity of DC in allogenic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) was tested by CCK-8, and the level of cytokines released by DC was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results. DC from patients in immune tolerance showed a remarkably lower surface expression of CD80, CD86, and HLA-DR and exhibited an impaired stimulatory capacity in MLR and reduced secretion of IL-12, as compared to the patients in inactive HBsAg carrier state. There was no significant difference between the indicators from the patients in inactive HBsAg carrier state and healthy subjects. There was a significant difference of HBV DNA level between immune tolerance and inactive HBsAg carrier group (P<0.01) and a negative correlation between HBV DNA level and the expressions of dendritic cells in both groups, respectively (P=0.01).Conclusion. DC from patients in inactive HBsAg carrier state shows stronger function in comparison with patients in immune tolerance, the expressions of dendritic cells correlate with HBV DNA level, and the function stage of DC may play an important role in HBeAg seroconversion.

Hepatitis B e Antibody Positive before Rituximab Combination Chemotherapy Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Reactivation in HBV Carriers with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 1655-1655
Author(s):  
Qingqing Cai ◽  
Kailin Chen ◽  
Qirong Geng ◽  
Guangzheng Zhong ◽  
Jianping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Large B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background: With antivirus prophylaxis, reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) also occurred in HBV carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive) undergoing rituximab combination chemotherapy. It was reported that most HBV carriers with improved long-term outcomes were seropositive for hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb). In this study on HBsAg-positive lymphoma patients with prophylaxis, the objectives were to determine the HBV reactivation rate in patients with HBeAb positive compared with the patients with HBeAb negative. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 113 HBV carriers with CD20(+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) received R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) chemotherapy with antivirus prophylaxis between August 1, 2002 and November 31, 2011 at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China. Results: Among 113 HBV carriers with CD20(+) DLBCL, 68(60.2%) were hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb) positive. There was no significant difference in terms of sex distribution, age, ECOG PS, stage, baseline HBV DNA detectable rate, or ALT, AST, bilirubin, or LDH between the HBeAb positive group and the HBeAb negative group. However, there were a significantly higher proportion of HBeAg seronegativity (94.1%v 24.4%; P< .001), and HBcAb seropositivity (100.0%v 82.2%; P< .001) in the HBeAb positive group. All the patients received antiviral therapy before chemotherapy. The antiviral treatments were used as follows: lamivudine in 68 (60.2%) patients, entecavir in 18 (15.2%) patients, others in 27 (23.8%) patients. Other antiviral treatments were including adefovir, lamivudine plus entecavir, lamivudine at beginning and then entecavir, and so on. No significant difference was observed in the antiviral drugs between the two groups. After R-CHOP chemotherapy, HBV reactivation was found in 23.0% of HBV carriers (26/113). And its incidence rate was lower in HBsAg- positive / HBeAb positive patients than in HBsAg-positive/ HBeAb negative patients (16.1% versus 33.3%; P =.034). Multivariate analysis showed that patients positive for HBeAb before chemotherapy was the only significant and independent protective factor associated with hepatitis due to HBV reactivation after chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was continued when the serum HBV-DNA level reduced or liver function improved. Survival was not affected by the occurrence of HBV reactivation or the status of HBeAb. Conclusion: HBeAb positive before rituximab combination chemotherapy was associated with a lower risk of HBV reactivation in HBV carriers with CD20(+) DLBCL. A more effective antivirus prophylaxis may be considered in HBV carriers with HBeAb negative in order to reduce HBV reactivation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Study of hepatitis B virus infection, reactivation among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection treated by direct antiviral agents (DAAs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham A. Azeem ◽  
Ashraf M. Alkabeer ◽  
Ali Sobhy Mohammed ◽  
Amira Ahmed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) may reactivate when treating chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with direct-acting antivirals (DAA). We aimed to investigate the risk of HBV infection and reactivation during DAA therapy by performing a prospective observational study carried on 200 patients positive for chronic HCV who were candidates for treatment by DAA therapy according to the Egyptian guidelines from February 2019 to December 2019; the patients identified to carry HBsAg at baseline or with positive HBc Abs were further assessed for other HBV markers: hepatitis B e antigen at baseline, and serum HBV DNA quantitative measurement at baseline, week 4 of treatment, end of treatment. On the other hand, recent infection by HBV among those patients was observed. Results Of all participants, 49% were males and 51% were females, aged above 18 years. There is a highly statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.05) between HCV RNA PCR (at the beginning, at the end of 4 weeks, and at the end of 12 weeks) in studied patients. There was a highly statistically significant difference found between the liver function tests at the beginning, at the end of 4 weeks, and at the end of 12 weeks of treatment where it shows improvement except for serum albumin. At beginning of the study, there were 34 patients who are co-infected with HCV and HBV with quantitative PCR test for HBV DNA ≥ 20 IU/ml. After 1 month of DAA therapy, reactivation was detected in 6 cases (4 occult cases show reverse seroconversion (became HBs Ag positive), and 2 co-infected cases show increased HBV DNA > 1000 IU/L above the baseline level). In addition, 3 new cases acquired recent infection with the positivity of HBc IgM and detectable levels of HBV DNA. After 3 months of study, reactivation was detected in one patient with co-infection (where increased HBV DNA > 1000 IU/L above the baseline level), and 5 new cases acquired recent infection late in the study. Conclusion Screening for HBV infection prior to DAA therapy is required to detect recent infection of reactivation of previous infection during or after DAA therapy.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Resistance to Entecavir Monotherapy of Patients with Hepatitis B

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hideo Takayama ◽  
Takuya Komura ◽  
Takashi Kagaya ◽  
Saiho Sugimoto ◽  
Noriaki Orita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Naive Group ◽  
Rescue Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus

Aim. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health concern worldwide. Entecavir (ETV), a first-line nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) for HBV, has a low risk of resistance. We evaluated the efficacy of ETV monotherapy, ratio of ETV-resistant, and the clinical features of patients with ETV resistance. Methods. A total of 130 patients (72 males, 58 females; mean age, 61 ± 15 years) were divided into a NA-naïve group (n = 108) and NA-experienced group (n = 22). We examined the clinical outcomes of ETV monotherapy and associated factors. We also assessed the clinical features of 15 patients with resistance to ETV (mean, 51.0 ± 27.4 weeks). Results. Among the 130 patients, 94.1% achieved ALT normalization and 63.6% achieved serum HBV DNA negativity after ETV monotherapy for 96 weeks. Of the patients in the NA-naïve group, 93.1% and 60.4% achieved ALT normalization and HBV DNA negativity, respectively. Of the patients in the NA-experienced group, 100% and 74.9% achieved ALT normalization and HBV DNA negativity, respectively. Compared to patients on ETV continuously, 15 ETV-resistant patients had a higher baseline HBV viral load. There was a significant difference in the time to HBV DNA negativity, but not ALT normalization after ETV monotherapy in these groups. Rescue treatment with other NAs led to ALT normalization in all of these patients, but not HBV DNA negativity. Conclusions. ETV monotherapy has a long-term clinical efficacy. While some patients especially with HBV DNA high viral load developed ETV resistance, rescue treatment led to ALT normalization in these patients.

scholarly journals Molecular and Serological Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)-Positive Samples with Very Low or Undetectable Levels of HBV Surface Antigen

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Mary C. Kuhns ◽  
Vera Holzmayer ◽  
Mark Anderson ◽  
Anne L. McNamara ◽  
Silvia Sauleda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Amino Acid Variability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Assay Detection

Background: Gaps remain in the detection of nucleic acid test (NAT) yield and occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) by current HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) assays. The lack of detection may be due to HBsAg levels below current assay detection limits, mutations affecting HBsAg assays or HBsAg levels, or the masking of HBsAg by antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). In this study, we evaluate the incremental detection of NAT yield and OBI from five diverse geographic areas by an improved sensitivity HBsAg assay and characterize the samples relative to the viral load, anti-HBs status, and PreS1–S2–S mutations. Included is a comparison population with HBV DNA levels comparable to OBI, but with readily detectable HBsAg (High Surface–Low DNA, HSLD). Methods: A total of 347 samples collected from the USA, South Africa, Spain, Cameroon, Vietnam, and Cote D’Ivoire representing NAT yield (HBsAg(−), antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc)(−), HBV DNA(+), N = 131), OBI (HBsAg(−), anti-HBc(+), HBV DNA(+), N = 188), and HSLD (HBsAg(+), anti-HBc(+), HBV DNA(+), N = 28) were tested with ARCHITECT HBsAg NEXT (HBsAgNx) (sensitivity 0.005 IU/mL). The sequencing of the PreS1–S2–S genes from a subset of 177 samples was performed to determine the genotype and assess amino acid variability, particularly in anti-HBs(+) samples. Results: HBsAgNx detected 44/131 (33.6%) NAT yield and 42/188 (22.3%) OBI samples. Mean HBV DNA levels for NAT yield and OBI samples were lower in HBsAgNx(−) (50.3 and 25.9 IU/mL) than in HBsAgNx(+) samples (384.1 and 139.5 IU/mL). Anti-HBs ≥ 10 mIU/mL was present in 28.6% HBsAgNx(+) and 45.2% HBsAgNx(−) OBI, and in 3.6% HSLD samples. The genotypes were A1, A2, B, C, D, E, F, and H. There was no significant difference between HBsAgNx(−) and HBsAgNx(+) in the proportion of samples harboring substitutions or in the mean number of substitutions per sample in PreS1, PreS2, or S for the NAT yield or OBI (p range: 0.1231 to >0.9999). A total of 21/27 (77.8%) of HBsAgNx(+) OBI carried S escape mutations, insertions, or stop codons. HSLD had more PreS1 and fewer S substitutions compared to both HBsAgNx(−) and HBsAgNx(+) OBI. Mutations/deletions associated with impaired HBsAg secretion were observed in the OBI group. Conclusions: HBsAgNx provides the improved detection of NAT yield and OBI samples. Samples that remain undetected by HBsAgNx have exceptionally low HBsAg levels below the assay detection limit, likely due to low viremia or the suppression of HBsAg expression by host and viral factors.

Prevention of Perinatal Transmission of Chronic Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Carrier State

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-409
Author(s):  
JAMES CHIN
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Hbsag Carrier ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Very High

In Reply.— It is well documented that the risk of a pregnant woman—who is a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier and who also has detectable hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)—transmitting a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to her infant at birth, which would result in chronic HBsAg carriage, is very high (up to 90%). Women who are HBsAg positive but HBsAg negative and who have no detectable antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe) are considered of intermediate infectivity.

PREVENTION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS CARRIER STATE IN INFANTS ACCORDING TO MATERNAL SERUM LEVELS OF HBV DNA

The Lancet ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 333 (8635) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
HenriettaM.H. Ip ◽  
VivianC.W. Wong ◽  
P.Nico Lelie ◽  
MaryC. Kuhns ◽  
HenkW. Reesink
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Carrier ◽  
Virus Carrier

scholarly journals Determination of clinical state of hepatitis B virus infection of patients in Basra governorate

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Saad S. Hamadi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hbsag Carrier ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Inactive Hbsag Carrier ◽  
Acute And Chronic Hepatitis

Hepatitis B virus is a hepatotropic virus that causes acute and chronic hepatitis, livercirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma; it is responsible for more than one million deathsannually worldwide despite hepatitis B vaccination. So, the aim of the present study was todetect the total markers of HBV (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, Total anti-HBc and IgManti-HBc) .A total of 126 cases with hepatitis B were recruited from different medical centersin Basra. Serological tests were preformed for all cases using ELISA tests. 126 patients weredivided into 8 studied groups including: Incubation, Active acute, Acute, Active chronic,chronic, Inactive HBsAg Carrier, HBsAg-negative patients and liver cancer. We conclude thatthe vast majority of patients were Inactive HBsAg Carrier (54.76 %) fallowed by acutehepatitis (16.67 %) and HBsAg-negative patients (7.14 %).

scholarly journals Randomized, Double-Blind Study of Emtricitabine (FTC) plus Clevudine versus FTC Alone in Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1642-1648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seng Gee Lim ◽  
Zahary Krastev ◽  
Tay Meng Ng ◽  
Grigor Mechkov ◽  
Iskren Andreev Kotzev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Undetectable Viremia ◽  
Normal Alanine Aminotransferase

ABSTRACT Emtricitabine (FTC) is approved for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus. FTC and clevudine (CLV) have activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). This report summarizes the results of a double-blind, multicenter study of patients with chronic hepatitis B who had completed a phase 3 study of FTC and were randomized 1:1 to 200 mg FTC once daily (QD) plus 10 mg CLV QD or 200 mg FTC QD plus placebo for 24 weeks with 24 weeks of follow-up. One hundred sixty-three patients were treated (82 with FTC plus CLV [FTC+CLV] and 81 with FTC); 72% were men, 53% were Asian, 47% were Caucasian, and 52% were hepatitis B e antigen positive, and the median baseline HBV DNA level was 6 log10 copies/ml. After 24 weeks of treatment, 74% (FTC+CLV) versus 65% (FTC alone) had serum HBV DNA levels of <4,700 copies/ml (P = 0.114) (Digene HBV Hybrid Capture II assay). Twenty-four weeks posttreatment, the mean change in serum HBV DNA levels from baseline was −1.25 log10 copies/ml (FTC+CLV), 40% had undetectable viremia (versus 23% for FTC alone), and 63% had normal alanine aminotransferase levels (versus 42% for FTC alone) (P ≤ 0.025 for all endpoints). The safety profile was similar between arms during treatment, with less posttreatment exacerbation of hepatitis B in the combination arm. In summary, after 24 weeks of treatment, no significant difference between arms was observed, but there was a significantly greater virologic and biochemical response 24 weeks posttreatment in the FTC+CLV arm.

scholarly journals Investigation of 1377C/T polymorphism of the Toll-like receptor 3 among patients with chronic hepatitis B

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Firat Goktas ◽  
Cemal Bulut ◽  
Mustafa Tugrul Goktas ◽  
Erdem Kamil Ozer ◽  
Ragip Ozgur Karaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Receptor Family

The immunopathogenesis of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) has not been clarified yet. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are a receptor family that initiates immunity with exogenous–endogenous ligands and plays a role in the pathogenesis of infections. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of TLR 3 1377C/T (rs3775290) polymorphism and its role in patients with CHB. We included 50 healthy individuals as control group and 73 active and 43 inactive hepatitis B patients. All DNA samples were isolated from blood samples. For the detection of TLR 3 1377C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism, restriction fragment length polymorphism was used. A statistically significant difference was determined in Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels of CHB patients with the CC, CT, and TT genotypes (p = 0.013). The highest levels of HBV DNA were detected in individuals with TT genotypes. Additionally, the frequency of CC genotype was higher in the active CHB patients compared with that of the inactive CHB patients (p = 0.044). No statistically significant difference in TLR 3 1377C/T polymorphism was detected between healthy controls and the hepatitis B patients (p = 0.342). In conclusion, HBV DNA level was higher in the individuals with TT genotype, and CC genotype was more frequent in the active CHB patients. These results suggest a possible association between CHB and TLR 3 gene (1377C/T) polymorphism.

scholarly journals Dendritic Cells in Uninfected Infants Born to Hepatitis B Virus-Positive Mothers

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1079-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lemonica J. Koumbi ◽  
Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos ◽  
Vassiliki Anastassiadou ◽  
Maria Machaira ◽  
Dimitris A. Kafetzis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Type I ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Dc System ◽  
B Virus

ABSTRACT Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play a central role in antiviral immunity, detecting viruses via Toll-like receptors (TLR) and producing in response vast amounts of type I interferons (IFNs). Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes chronic infection after vertical transmission. This study investigated whether an HBV-infected maternal environment might influence DC numbers and pDC function in uninfected infants. Blood was collected from inactive HBsAg carrier and control mothers and their infants at birth and 1 and 6 months of age. HBV DNA was measured in maternal and neonatal perinatal sera using real-time PCR. The circulating frequencies of myeloid DCs (mDCs) and pDCs were determined in the babies by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cord blood pDCs were stimulated with resiquimod, and alpha interferon (IFN-α) production and the pDC phenotype were assessed. The effect of the common-cold virus, rhinovirus (RV), on resiquimod stimulation was also determined. HBV DNA was detected in 62.3% of the mothers and 41% of their infants. DC numbers and pDC functions were similar between subjects and controls and were not correlated with maternal or neonatal viremia. RV infection did not induce pDC maturation until the age of 6 months, and it reduced TLR7-dependent resiquimod-induced IFN-α production similarly in both groups. Although the DC system is immature at birth, DCs of uninfected neonates of HBV-positive mothers are competent to initiate and maintain T-cell responses. RV is a weak inducer of IFN-α production until the age of 6 months and inhibits IFN-α responses triggered by the TLR7 pathway.

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