scholarly journals Technoeconomic and Policy Analysis for Corn Stover Biofuels

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Petter ◽  
Wallace E. Tyner
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
The Public ◽  
Capital Subsidies ◽  
The Impact

Conventional fossil fuels dominate the marketplace, and their prices are a direct competitor for drop-in biofuels. This paper examines the impact of fuel selling price uncertainty on investment risk in a fast pyrolysis derived biofuel production facility. Production cost specifications are gathered from previous research. Monte Carlo analysis is employed with uncertainty in fuel selling price, biomass cost, bio-oil yield, and hydrogen price parameters. Experiments reveal that fuel price has a large impact on investment risk. A reverse auction would shift risk from the private sector to the public sector and is shown to be more effective at encouraging private investment than capital subsidies for the same expected public cost.

Estimation of the water footprint of sugarcane in Mexico: is ethanol production an environmentally feasible fuel option?

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Haro ◽  
Ines Navarro ◽  
Ralph Thompson ◽  
Blanca Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Projected Changes ◽  
The Impact

Energy policies are taken throughout the world to reduce fossil fuel emissions from transportation sources. Agriculturally based biofuels are currently the only alternatives to liquid fossil fuels. However, as biofuel production spreads, so too do its cascading impacts on environment and food security. This paper analyzes the impact of Mexican ethanol-sugarcane policy on water resources. The water footprint of sugarcane (WFsc) was quantified for an agricultural region in Jalisco, Mexico, and used to estimate anthropologic water demand and stress index. This analysis was performed using historical climate data, and for projected changes under scenarios A2 and B1, using ECHAM and GFDL models. The average historical water footprint of sugarcane was estimated as 104.9 m3/ton, total average water demand as 152.3 Mm3/year and a historical water scarcity index as 59%. Under climate change, the footprint might increase 2% by 2020 and 3–4% by 2050. The available water is predicted to fall 4–7% by 2020, and 6–8% by 2050, with negative effects on water stress. Due to the strong influence of local factors on water footprint and stress, additional research is needed for all Mexican sugarcane regions, in order to evaluate the feasibility of the policy regarding the use of ethanol for transportation.

The Impact of Defense Investment on Economic Growth in the Perspective of Time Series

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Bin Pan ◽  
Shih-Yung Wei ◽  
Xuanhua Xu ◽  
Wei-Chiang Hong
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Economic Growth Rate ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

By considering the demand and supply effects of defense investment and the uncertainty of the stochastic process of the production and defense investment, this study proposes a stochastic endogenous growth model to explore the impact of defense investment on economic growth. The results suggest that the relationship between defense investment and economic growth rate is nonlinear and obtains the optimal percentage of defense investment to maximize economic growth. Moreover, the impact of defense investment volatility on economic growth rate is subject to production and defense investment interference term's covariance and representative private investment risk preference. Finally, the empirical data are used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed model.

scholarly journals EU BIOFUELS POLICY—RAISING THE QUESTION OF WTO COMPATIBILITY

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Switzer ◽  
Joseph A McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Imported Oil ◽  
Biofuels Policy ◽  
The Impact

Governments intervene in the energy sector using a variety of measures to pursue a range of objectives, from security of supply and energy efficiency to environmental protection. Recent concerns about the impact of fossil fuels on climate change have resulted in the increasing promotion of biofuels as an alternative to oil. While worries exist with regard to the environmental impact of biofuel production in ecologically sensitive areas, it has been argued that with an effective regulatory framework to promote sustainable production, biofuels could provide a mechanism to provide energy security in an environmentally positive way.1 The interest of the European Union (EU) in the promotion of biofuels production is a relatively recent phenomenon and it is now the world's largest producer of biodiesel and the fourth largest producer of bioethanol. At its most basic level, the promotion of biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels is part of a wider EU effort to support the use of renewable energy. The promotion of renewable energy is traceable to a number of goals, a central one of which is ensuring security of energy supply.2 Other policy goals supported by the promotion of renewable energies include reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with climate change, decreasing dependence upon imported oil, the promotion of technological development as well as regional and rural development and employment.3

scholarly journals Do Fossil-Fuel Price Distortions Impact the Low-Carbon Transition in China’s Energy Intensive Industries?

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Shuang Liang ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Shaohua Huang ◽  
Binbin Liao
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Price Elasticities ◽  
Price Distortion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Price Distortions ◽  
Energy Intensive Industries

Energy intensive industries (EIIs) in China are predominantly reliant on fossil fuels. Consequently, such high fossil fuel dependency has amplified carbon emission levels and blocked the low-carbon transition. It is inappropriate to discuss the solution of the dependency before investigating fossil-fuel price distortion and its impact on the industrial energy consumption. Therefore, this paper built a dynamic trans-log cost function model based on provincial panel data of China’s Ells between 2004 and 2016, to investigate inter-fuel substitution effects caused by own price elasticities and cross price elasticities, and analyzed the impact of fossil-fuel price distortions on low-carbon transition. The level of price distortions in coal, gasoline and diesel was evaluated, based on which the CO2 mitigation potentials in China’s EIIs were estimated. Results show that: 1) in each EII sector, the own price elasticities of all fuels were negative while the cross price elasticities among coal, oil and electricity were positive, suggesting substitution effect exists; 2) the average level of price distortions in coal, gasoline and diesel is 7.48, 11.1 and 32.19%, respectively, which means the prices of coal tend to be more market- oriented than the other two fuels; 3) removing coal price distortions can potentially reduce CO2 emissions in China’s EIIs by 905.78 million tons, while the effects of removing oil price distortions were uncertain, unless the substitution of coal for oil was restrained. Therefore, there is still much room for improvement in China’s fossil-fuel market reform. Possible policies are required to improve the production in EIIs and the low-carbon transition by adopting cleaner energy resources to substitute fossil-fuels.

Quo Vadis Kebijakan: Analisa Vicious Circle of Poverty Nelayan Tradisional akibat Kebijakan PSBB

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
M. Ragil Yoga Priyangga ◽  
Muhamad Hanif Yasyfi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
The Public ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to provide an overview of the influence of (Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) on the poverty status of traditional fishermen in Tegalsari, Tegal City.Using a qualitative-descriptive method, this study explores and explores the relationship between the impact of the PSBB policy and the poverty status of fishermen. This study uses a vicious cycle of poverty theory and the public policy cycle to help examine the results. In short, instead of policies helping to ease the burden, those that exist have added to the bankruptcy of the fishermen's life. Especially about the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) policy, two factors have led to the added poverty of fishermen, namely: this policy has limited economic space which makes it difficult for fishermen to make transactions between fishermen and buyers, and reduces the selling price of fish in the market. The government needs to pay attention to this so that it always evaluates its policies, especially in dealing with pandemics and poverty. The government also needs to reform the bureaucracy and strive for information and communication open to the public. Keywords: Poverty, Traditional Fishermen, Large-Scale Social Restrictions

scholarly journals Investigation of Biofuel as a Potential Renewable Energy Source

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
M. Anwar H. Khan ◽  
Sophia Bonifacio ◽  
Joanna Clowes ◽  
Amy Foulds ◽  
Rayne Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
The Impact

An accelerating global energy demand, paired with the harmful environmental effects of fossil fuels, has triggered the search for alternative, renewable energy sources. Biofuels are arguably a potential renewable energy source in the transportation industry as they can be used within current infrastructures and require less technological advances than other renewable alternatives, such as electric vehicles and nuclear power. The literature suggests biofuels can negatively impact food security and production; however, this is dependent on the type of feedstock used in biofuel production. Advanced biofuels, derived from inedible biomass, are heavily favoured but require further research and development to reach their full commercial potential. Replacing fossil fuels by biofuels can substantially reduce particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, but simultaneously increase emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), resulting in debates concerning the way biofuels should be implemented. The potential biofuel blends (FT-SPK, HEFA-SPK, ATJ-SPK and HFS-SIP) and their use as an alternative to kerosene-type fuels in the aviation industry have also been assessed. Although these fuels are currently more costly than conventional aviation fuels, possible reduction in production costs has been reported as a potential solution. A preliminary study shows that i-butanol emissions (1.8 Tg/year) as a biofuel can increase ozone levels by up to 6% in the upper troposphere, highlighting a potential climate impact. However, a larger number of studies will be needed to assess the practicalities and associated cost of using the biofuel in existing vehicles, particularly in terms of identifying any modifications to existing engine infrastructure, the impact of biofuel emissions, and their chemistry on the climate and human health, to fully determine their suitability as a potential renewable energy source.

scholarly journals The public-private investment nexus in India: Evidence from a policy simulation approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (224) ◽  
pp. 101-128
Author(s):  
Sajad Bhat ◽  
Javed Bhat ◽  
Taufeeq Ajaz
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Complementary Effect ◽  
Deficit Financing ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simulation Exercises

This study investigates the influence of public investment on private investment in India, at both the aggregate and Sectoral levels and under two different modes of deficit financing - monetisation and commercial borrowing - in an eclectic macroeconometric modelling framework. Using Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), the two simulation exercises conducted in the study highlight the crowdingin effect of public investment on aggregate private investment, irrespective of the mode of financing. The favourable accelerator effect and the complementary effect are found to outweigh the deleterious interest effect in both simulation exercises. At the Sectoral level, public investment is found to most strongly and positively affect private investment in manufacturing, followed by agriculture, the service sector, and finally infrastructure. The impact of public investment on the other sectors included in the model accords well with theoretical expectations.

scholarly journals Social Aspects of Energy Production from Renewable Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Wojciech Czekała ◽  
◽  
Filip Tarkowski ◽  
Patrycja Pochwatka ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The increased demand for energy determines the need to search for its next sources. One of them could be renewable energy sources, whose importance is increasing, among others, due to the limited resources of fossil fuels. In addition, renewable energy production has many benefits, mainly environmental and economic. Moreover, the social aspects associated with it cannot be ignored. The aim of this work was to discuss selected social benefits resulting from the production of renewable energy. Among the most important advantages of renewable energy sources is their local aspect, since energy production solves many regional problems, mainly related to its transport. The issue of energy security is also essential. In the case of biofuel production, the possibility of involving waste in energy production is extremely beneficial. The use of renewable energy itself directly affects the improvement of the environment, which in turn has a positive effect on people. Nowadays, sustainable development is one of the most critical challenges of humanity. These activities are closely related to the use of renewable energy sources. It is important to pay attention not only to subjects related to the environmental and economic aspects but also the impact of renewable energy sources on society.

scholarly journals Are all infrastructure investments created equal? The case of Portugal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Alfredo M. Pereira ◽  
Rui M. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Private Investment ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infrastructure Investments ◽  
Marginal Returns ◽  
The Impact

Using a newly developed data set, we analyze the effects of infrastructure investment on economic performance in Portugal. A vector-autoregressive approach estimates the elasticity and marginal products of twelve types of infrastructure investment on private investment, employment, and output. We find that the largest long-term accumulated effects come from investments in railroads, ports, airports, health, education, and telecommunications. For these infrastructures, the output multipliers suggest that these investments pay for themselves through additional tax revenues. For investments in ports, airports and education infrastructures, the bulk of the effects are short-term demand-side effects, while for railroads, health, and telecommunications, the impact is mostly of a long-term and supply-side nature. Finally, investments in health and airports exhibit decreasing marginal returns, with railroads, ports, and telecommunications being relatively stable. In terms of the other infrastructure assets, the economic effects of investments in municipal roads, electricity and gas, and refineries are insignificant, while investments in national roads, highways, and waste and waste water have positive economic effects but too small to improve the public budget. Clearly, from a policy perspective, not all infrastructure investments in Portugal are created equal.

scholarly journals Dealing with Egypt Public Debt Accumulation Problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Mohammed I. Abdu
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Debt Structure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Debt Problem ◽  
Debt Accumulation ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the public debt problem in Egypt, and provides new supportive and non-stereotyped ideas that could help to put public debt on a downturn and a sustainable pass. The analytical approach was used to identify the magnitude of the public debt problem through analyzing the debt structure, the increase in interest payments, and private investment crowding out. The study also evaluates the impact of the economic reform problem on the debt to GDP level; in addition to analyzing the implications of the government plan on debt structure and its associated risks. Some of these risks are: the unsustainability of GDP growth and its structure, debt roll over risk, and the risk of materializing contingent liabilities. Furthermore, this paper proposes new ideas; besides, the usual concentration on fiscal consolidation and stable economic growth to decrease the Egyptian public debt. Improving tax collection, developing government securities market, using the appropriate economic policy mix, applying zero interest rate on the government liabilities to the Central bank of Egypt, and swapping debt with equity, are some non-stereotyped ideas that could help in reducing the public debt of Egypt.

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