scholarly journals Working the Night Shift: The Impact of Compensating Wages and Local Economic Conditions on Shift Choice

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colene Trent ◽  
Walter J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Compensating Differentials ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Night Shifts

The theory of compensating differentials asserts that night shift workers should receive compensating wage differentials due to undesirable work conditions. In weak local economies, workers may have difficulty finding jobs; thus, these workers might be more likely to accept night shift work and be less concerned with the size of the compensating differential for night shifts. Using CPS data from 2001, this paper employs maximum likelihood estimation of an endogenous switching regression model to analyze wages of day and night shift workers and shift choice. The findings indicate the presence of selection bias, thus emphasizing the importance of correcting for self-selection into night shifts. The average of the estimated wage differentials for night shift work is negative for the overall sample, with differentials varying by worker characteristics. The shift differential is found to be a statistically significant predictor of shift choice, indicating that shift premiums play an important role in motivating individuals to select night shift work. Using two measures of local economic conditions and a new method of analyzing interaction effects in the context of an endogenous switching regression model, this paper finds limited evidence that weak local economic conditions lessen the impact of compensating differentials on shift choice.

scholarly journals Night shift work and the risk of metabolic syndrome: Findings from an 8-year hospital cohort

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261349
Author(s):  
Wan-Ju Cheng ◽  
Chiu-Shong Liu ◽  
Kai-Chieh Hu ◽  
Yu-Fang Cheng ◽  
Kati Karhula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
Night Shifts

Objectives Studies concerning the risk of metabolic syndrome associated with night work have shown inconsistent findings, due to imprecise working time data and cross-sectional design. We used register-based daily working time data to examine the risk of incident metabolic syndrome associated with night shift work. Methods Working time data collected between 2010 and 2018 of 5775 Taiwanese hospital workers were used to identify night shift workers and to calculate the number of night shifts. Metabolic syndrome was identified by annual occupational health examination results, which were linked to the working time data. Logistic regression models and generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association between night shift work and metabolic syndrome and the 5 components of metabolic syndrome. Results Night shift work is associated with a higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome (adjusted OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.78) and high waist circumference (adjusted OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.78) compared to day work. Among night shift workers, increased number of night shifts was associated with high blood pressure (adjusted OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.31). Conclusions Night shift work is associated with metabolic risk factors. Long-term effects of circadian rhythm disruption on metabolic disturbances needs to be further studied.

scholarly journals Shift work is associated with positive COVID-19 status in hospitalised patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Maidstone ◽  
Simon G Anderson ◽  
David W Ray ◽  
Martin K Rutter ◽  
Hannah J Durrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
Work Factors ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Disease Exposure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionShift work is associated with both mental, and physical ill health, including lung disease and infections. However, the impact of shift work on significant COVID-19 illness has not be assessed. We therefore investigated whether shift work is associated with COVID-19.Methods501,000 UK biobank participants were linked to secondary care SARS-CoV-2 PCR results from public health England. Healthcare workers and those without an occupational history were excluded from analysis.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression taking into account age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation index revealed that irregular shift work (OR 2.42 95%CI 1.92-3.05), permanent shift work (OR 2.5, 95%CI 1.95-3.19), day shift work (OR 2.01, 95%CI 1.55-2.6), irregular night shift work (OR 3.04, 95%CI 2.37-3.9) and permanent night shift work (OR 2.49, 95%CI 1.67-3.7) were all associated with positive COVID-19 tests compared to participants that did not perform shift work. This relationship persisted after adding sleep duration, chronotype, pre-morbid disease, BMI, alcohol and smoking. Work factors (proximity to a colleague combined with estimated disease exposure) were positively correlated with COVID-19 incidence (r2=0.248, p=0.02). If this was added to the model shift work frequency remained significantly associated with COVID-19. To control for non-measured occupational factors the incidence of COVID-19 in shift workers was compared to colleagues in the same job who did not do shift work. Shift workers had a higher incidence of COVID-19 (p<0.01).ConclusionsShift work is associated with a higher likelihood of in-hospital COVID-19 positivity. This risk could potentially be mitigated via additional workplace precautions or vaccination.

Rotating night shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among steelworkers in China: a cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengkui Zhang ◽  
Yongbin Wang ◽  
Zhende Wang ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Chao Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
Cumulative Length ◽  
Night Shifts

ObjectivesIn a 24/7 society, the negative metabolic effects of rotating night shift work have been increasingly explored. This study aimed to examine the association between rotating night shift work and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in steelworkers.MethodsA total of 6881 subjects was included in this study. Different exposure metrics of night shift work including current shift status, duration of night shifts (years), cumulative number of night shifts (nights), cumulative length of night shifts (hours), average frequency of night shifts (nights/month) and average length of night shifts (hours/night) were used to examine the relationship between night shift work and NAFLD.ResultsCurrent night shift workers had elevated odds of NAFLD (OR, 1.23, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.48) compared with those who never worked night shifts after adjustment for potential confounders. Duration of night shifts, cumulative number of night shifts and cumulative length of night shifts were positively associated with NAFLD. Both the average frequency of night shifts (>7 nights/month vs ≤7 nights/month: OR, 1.24, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.45) and average length of night shifts (>8 hours/night vs ≤8 hours/night: OR, 1.27, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.51) were independently associated with overall NAFLD after mutually adjusting for the duration of night shifts and other potential confounders among night shift workers. No significant association was found in female workers between different exposure metrics of night shift work and NAFLD.ConclusionsRotating night shift work is associated with elevated odds of NAFLD in male steelworkers.

scholarly journals High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Lee ◽  
Mark E. Howard ◽  
William J. Horrey ◽  
Yulan Liang ◽  
Clare Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
The Impact

Night-shift workers are at high risk of drowsiness-related motor vehicle crashes as a result of circadian disruption and sleep restriction. However, the impact of actual night-shift work on measures of drowsiness and driving performance while operating a real motor vehicle remains unknown. Sixteen night-shift workers completed two 2-h daytime driving sessions on a closed driving track at the Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety: (i) a postsleep baseline driving session after an average of 7.6 ± 2.4 h sleep the previous night with no night-shift work, and (ii) a postnight-shift driving session following night-shift work. Physiological measures of drowsiness were collected, including infrared reflectance oculography, electroencephalography, and electrooculography. Driving performance measures included lane excursions, near-crash events, and drives terminated because of failure to maintain control of the vehicle. Eleven near-crashes occurred in 6 of 16 postnight-shift drives (37.5%), and 7 of 16 postnight-shift drives (43.8%) were terminated early for safety reasons, compared with zero near-crashes or early drive terminations during 16 postsleep drives (Fishers exact:P= 0.0088 andP= 0.0034, respectively). Participants had a significantly higher rate of lane excursions, average Johns Drowsiness Scale, blink duration, and number of slow eye movements during postnight-shift drives compared with postsleep drives (3.09/min vs. 1.49/min; 1.71 vs. 0.97; 125 ms vs. 100 ms; 35.8 vs. 19.1; respectively,P< 0.05 for all). Night-shift work increases driver drowsiness, degrading driving performance and increasing the risk of near-crash drive events. With more than 9.5 million Americans working overnight or rotating shifts and one-third of United States commutes exceeding 30 min, these results have implications for traffic and occupational safety.

scholarly journals Social jetlag and sleep debts are altered in different rosters of night shift work

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262049
Author(s):  
Swaantje Casjens ◽  
Frank Brenscheidt ◽  
Anita Tisch ◽  
Beate Beermann ◽  
Thomas Brüning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Social Jetlag ◽  
Sleep Debt ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Night Shifts

Background Night and shift work are suspected to cause various adverse effects on health and sleep. Sleep deprivation through shift work is assumed to be compensated on free days. So far it is not clear how different shift systems and shift lengths affect sleep structure on work and free days. Especially working night shifts disrupts the circadian rhythm but also extended working hours (12h) might affect sleep characteristics. Hitherto, the magnitude of sleep debt, social jetlag, and Locomotor Inactivity During Sleep (LIDS) in different shift systems is unknown. Methods Here, we investigated the impact of five different shift rosters on sleep in 129 industrial workers from Germany. Permanent night work with multiple shift systems with and without night shifts and with different shift lengths were compared. Wrist-activity was monitored over 28 days revealing sleep on- and offsets as well as LIDS as proxy for sleep quality. Overall, 3,865 sleep bouts comprising 22,310 hours of sleep were examined. Results The mean daily age-adjusted sleep duration (including naps) was 6:43h and did not differ between shift workers of different rosters. However, sleep duration on workdays was particularly low in rotational shift systems with 12h-shifts (5:00h), while overall sleep debt was highest. Shift workers showed a median absolute social jetlag of 3:03h, which differed considerably between shift types and rosters (p<0.0001). Permanent night workers had the highest social jetlag (5:08h) and latest mid-sleeps on workdays and free days. Sleep quality was reduced in permanent night shift workers compared with shift workers in other rosters and differed between daytime and nighttime sleep. Conclusions Shift work leads to partial sleep deprivation, which particularly affects workers in 12h-shifts and permanent night shifts. Working these shifts resulted in higher sleep debts and larger absolute social jetlag whereas sleep quality was especially reduced in permanent night shift workers compared with shift workers of other rosters.

scholarly journals Association of Rotating Night Shift Work with Body Fat Percentage and Fat Mass Index among Female Steelworkers in North China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6355
Author(s):  
Shengkui Zhang ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Yongbin Wang ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Juxiang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
Night Shifts

The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations of rotating night shift work with body fat percentage (BF%) and fat mass index (FMI). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 435 female steelworkers, aged 26–57 years in Tangshan, China. BF% was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis and FMI was calculated. Different exposure metrics of night shift work were used to examine the effects of night shift work on BF% and FMI. The duration (years), cumulative number (nights), and cumulative length of night shifts (hours) were positively correlated with FMI and BF%, and these relationships were independent of body mass index (BMI). Compared with day workers, night shift workers with an average frequency of night shifts >7 nights/month (odds ratio (OR) 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17 to 5.35) and percentage of hours on night shifts >30% (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.21 to 5.39) had elevated odds of obesity (BF% ≥ 35.0%). Nonobese night shift workers by the BMI criterion should also be alert to the risk of the excess accumulation of body fat, which is actually responsible for most obesity-associated adverse health consequences. Health interventions for related populations need to be improved, which is currently more focused on overall weight control.

scholarly journals P040 Night Shift Work and Disease: A Systematic Review of the Role of Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A34-A34
Author(s):  
M Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Repair Capacity ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Night shift workers make up an essential part of the modern workforce. However, night shift workers have higher incidences of late in life diseases and earlier mortality. Night shift workers are exposed to constant light and experience circadian rhythm disruption. Sleep disruption is thought to increase oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance of excess pro-oxidative factors and reactive oxygen species over anti-oxidative activity. Oxidative stress can damage cells, proteins and DNA and can eventually lead to varied chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s and dementia. This review aimed to understand whether night shift workers were at greater risk of oxidative stress and to contribute to a consensus on this relationship. Twelve studies published in 2001–2019 examining 2,081 workers were included in the review. Studies compared both the impact of working a single shift and in comparisons between those who regularly work night shifts and only day shifts. All studies had evidence to support this relationship across a range of oxidative stress indicators, including: increased DNA damage, reduced DNA repair capacity, increased lipid peroxidation, higher levels of reactive oxygen species, and to a lesser extent, a reduction in antioxidant defence. This research supports the theory that melatonin and the sleep wake cycle mediate the relationship between shift work and oxidative stress. It is concluded that night shift work increases the risk for oxidative stress and therefore future disease. Recommendations are made to promote the long-term health of shift workers considering these findings.

scholarly journals Disturbances of Autonomic Regulation of Cardiovascular System at Different Working Regimes with Night Shifts

Kardiologiia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Merkulov ◽  
A. A. Pyatkov ◽  
S. G. Gorokhova ◽  
D. M. Merkulova ◽  
O. Yu. Atkov
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Orthostatic Test ◽  
Heart Rhythm Variability ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Rotating Shift Work ◽  
Night Shifts

Aim        To study temporal and spectral characteristics of heart rhythm variability (HRV) in night shift workers.Materials and methods       Along with traditional risk factors, conditions of labor contribute to development of cardiovascular morbidity, including night shift work, which can be associated with disorders of the autonomic regulation detected by analysis of HRV. This study included 100 healthy men. 74 of them were engaged in shift work, including 53 men with rotating shift work, 21 men with fixed night shifts, and 26 men with day-time work. HRV was analyzed by data of 5-min electrocardiogram recording (background recording and orthostatic test).Results   Night-shift workers had decreases in total power of regulation (ТР, SDNN) and in the parasympathetic branch (HF, pNN50). Rotating night-shift workers displayed significant decreases in SDNN and pNN50 and pronounced changes in the VLF / LF / HF ratio in the orthostatic test.Conclusion            In work with night shifts, the type of autonomic regulation differs from the “standard” functioning of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). This study showed different effects of night work regimens on HRV indexes. With the rotating shift work, the ANS dysregulation was more profound and was evident by a significant decrease in the ANS total tone and parasympathetic activity (SDNN, pNN50) compared to night shifts with fixed working hours. The excessive weakening of the parasympathetic component in the passive orthostatic test can be considered as an early marker for ANS maladaptation. 

scholarly journals O4A.5 Night shift work is associated with abnormal liver function

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A33.2-A33
Author(s):  
Lap Ah Tse ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Liuzhuo Zhang ◽  
Zhimin Li
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Night Shift Work ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Biochemical Analyzer ◽  
Stratified Analysis

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between night shift work and elevated level of alanine transaminase (e-ALT) of workers, stratified by status of non-alcohol fatty liver.MethodsWe established a prospective cohort of night shift workers in Shenzhen, China. All 4740 male workers who had liver function data from the baseline survey of this night shift workers’ cohort were included in the current analysis. We collected information on demographics, lifestyles, and lifetime working schedule from standardized questionnaire. We examined workers’ NAFL status using liver sonography and their serum ALT levels using the automatic biochemical analyzer. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).ResultsThis cohort contained 39.5% night shift workers. Compared with the day workers, night shift workers had higher odds of e-ALT (OR: 1.18; 95% CI 1.00–1.40). Stratified analysis showed that a positive gradient between night shift years and elevated e-ALT was only restricted to the night shift workers without NAFL. No similar trend was observed among those with NAFL.ConclusionsNight shift work is positively associated with the abnormal liver function in workers without NAFL, which indicates that shift work involving circadian disruption is likely to affect abnormal liver function.[National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project number 81273172 and 81372964), [email protected] (Lap Ah Tse)]

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