scholarly journals Controlled Bidirectional Quantum Secure Direct Communication

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Hsin Chou ◽  
Yu-Ting Lin ◽  
Guo-Jyun Zeng ◽  
Fang-Jhu Lin ◽  
Chi-Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Information ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Quantum Bits ◽  
Legitimate User ◽  
Quantum Secure Communication ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
The Cost

We propose a novel protocol for controlled bidirectional quantum secure communication based on anonlocal swapgate scheme. Our proposed protocol would be applied to a system in which a controller (supervisor/Charlie) controls the bidirectional communication with quantum information or secret messages between legitimate users (Alice and Bob). In this system, the legitimate users must obtain permission from the controller in order to exchange their respective quantum information or secret messages simultaneously; the controller is unable to obtain any quantum information or secret messages from the decoding process. Moreover, the presence of the controller also avoids the problem of one legitimate user receiving the quantum information or secret message before the other, and then refusing to help the other user decode the quantum information or secret message. Our proposed protocol is aimed at protecting against external and participant attacks on such a system, and the cost of transmitting quantum bits using our protocol is less than that achieved in other studies. Based on thenonlocal swapgate scheme, the legitimate users exchange their quantum information or secret messages without transmission in a public channel, thus protecting against eavesdroppers stealing the secret messages.

Three-Party Simultaneous Quantum Secure Communication with Unidirectional Qubit Transmission

2015 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 857-860
Author(s):  
Xun Ru Yin
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quantum Channels ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Secret Information ◽  
Quantum Secure Communication ◽  
Encoded Particles

A three-party quantum secure direct communication protocol is proposed, in which the qubit transmission forms a closed loop. In this scheme, each party implements the corresponding unitary operations according to his secret bit value over the quantum channels. Then, by performing Bell measurements on the encoded particles, each party can extract the other two parties’ secret information simultaneously. Thus the three parties realize the direct exchange successfully.

Controlled quantum secure communication protocol with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (05) ◽  
pp. 1650051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Wenping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Secure Communication ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Single Photons ◽  
Spatial Mode ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantum Secure Communication ◽  
The Cost

In this paper, we propose a new controlled quantum secure direct communication (CQSDC) protocol with single photons in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. Based on the defined local collective unitary operations, the sender’s secret messages can be transmitted directly to the receiver through encoding secret messages on the particles. Only with the help of the third side, the receiver can reconstruct the secret messages. Each single photon in two degrees of freedom can carry two bits of information, so the cost of our protocol is less than others using entangled qubits. Moreover, the security of our QSDC network protocol is discussed comprehensively. It is shown that our new CQSDC protocol cannot only defend the outsider eavesdroppers’ several sorts of attacks but also the inside attacks. Besides, our protocol is feasible since the preparation and the measurement of single photon quantum states in both the polarization and the spatial-mode degrees of freedom are available with current quantum techniques.

Improvement of a controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 1450121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongsu Shen ◽  
Wenping Ma ◽  
Meiling Wang ◽  
Xunru Yin
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Channel ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
The Other ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Noisy Quantum Channel

A security loophole exists in Gao et al.'s controlled quantum secure direct communication protocol. By employing the security loophole, the receiver can obtain the secret message sent by the sender without the permission of the controller in their protocol. In order to avoid this loophole, we present an improved protocol in this paper. In the improved protocol, entangled particles are prepared at random in two GHZ-like states, which ensure that the receiver is not able to recover the secret message without knowing the initially entangled state. Compared with the other improved version whose security depends on the perfect quantum channel, our improved protocol is secure in a noisy quantum channel. Therefore, our protocol is more practical.

scholarly journals Quantum secure communication models comparison

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Georgi Petrov Bebrov ◽  
Rozalina Stefanova Dimova
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Deterministic Secure Quantum Communication ◽  
Quantum Secure Communication ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Models Comparison

The paper concerns the quantum cryptography, more specifically, the quantum secure communication type of schemes. The main focus here is on making a comparison between the distinct secure quantum communication models – quantum secure direct communication and deterministic secure quantum communication, in terms of three parameters: resource efficiency, eavesdropping check efficiency, and security (degree of preserving the confidentiality).

scholarly journals Covert Information Mapped Spatial and Directional Modulation toward Secure Wireless Transmission

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7646
Author(s):  
Jie Tian ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Zhigang Wang ◽  
Xianhua Shi ◽  
Zhengyu Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Extreme Condition ◽  
Theoretical Derivation ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Legitimate User ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Directional Modulation

Recently, the concept of spatial and direction modulation (SDM) has been developed to reap the advantages of both spatial modulation (SM) and directional modulation (DM). On the one hand, DM ensures the transmission security at the expected direction. On the other hand, the structure of SM-aided distributed receivers can enhance the security even if the eavesdropper is located in the same direction as the legitimate receiver. However, the above advantages are achieved based on the assumption that the eavesdropper is not equipped with distributed receivers. On the other hand, the information security can no longer be guaranteed when the eavesdropper is also equipped with distributed receivers. To alleviate this problem, we considered a joint design of SDM and covert information mapping (CIM) in order to conceive of a more robust structure of CIM-SDM. Furthermore, both the detection performances at the eavesdropper and the legitimate user were quantified through theoretical derivation. In general, both the analysis and simulation results supported that the proposed CIM-SDM structure provides more robust secure performance compared to the original SDM, even if the extreme condition of distributed receivers at the eavesdropper is considered, at the cost of moderate performance loss at the legitimate user.

CONTROLLED QUANTUM SECURE DIRECT COMMUNICATION WITH W STATE

2008 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 899-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIU-BO CHEN ◽  
QIAO-YAN WEN ◽  
FEN-ZHUO GUO ◽  
YING SUN ◽  
GANG XU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computation ◽  
Quantum Secure Direct Communication ◽  
Quantum Circuit ◽  
Ghz State ◽  
The Other ◽  
W State ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Other Hand

Utilizing W state, which is much more robust than GHZ state, we propose a protocol for three-party controlled quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). The feature of this protocol is that the sender encodes the secret message directly on a sequence of particle states and faithfully transmits them to an arbitrary one of two receivers without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. On the other hand, we construct the efficient quantum circuit to implement the QSDC by means of primitive operations in quantum computation.

An Enhanced Cloud Security using Quantum Teleportation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sowmya ◽  
S. Sivasankaran
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum Teleportation ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Communication Channel ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Cloud Security ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Quantum Bits ◽  
Quantum Parallelism

In the cloud environment, it is difficult to provide security to the monolithic collection of data as it is easily accessed by breaking the algorithms which are based on mathematical computations and on the other hand, it takes much time for uploading and downloading the data. This paper proposes the concept of implementing quantum teleportation i.e., telecommunication + transportation in the cloud environment for the enhancement of cloud security and also to improve speed of data transfer through the quantum repeaters. This technological idea is extracted from the law of quantum physics where the particles say photons can be entangled and encoded to be teleported over large distances. As the transfer of photons called qubits allowed to travel through the optical fiber, it must be polarized and encoded with QKD (Quantum Key Distribution) for the security purpose. Then, for the enhancement of the data transfer speed, qubits are used in which the state of quantum bits can be encoded as 0 and 1 concurrently using the Shors algorithm. Then, the Quantum parallelism will help qubits to travel as fast as possible to reach the destination at a single communication channel which cannot be eavesdropped at any point because, it prevents from creating copies of transmitted quantum key due to the implementation of no-cloning theorem so that the communication parties can only receive the intended data other than the intruders.

scholarly journals Black Hole Algorithm for Sustainable Design of Counterfort Retaining Walls

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Yepes ◽  
José V. Martí ◽  
José García
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Sustainable Design ◽  
Retaining Walls ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
Geometric Variables ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Black Hole Algorithm

The optimization of the cost and CO 2 emissions in earth-retaining walls is of relevance, since these structures are often used in civil engineering. The optimization of costs is essential for the competitiveness of the construction company, and the optimization of emissions is relevant in the environmental impact of construction. To address the optimization, black hole metaheuristics were used, along with a discretization mechanism based on min–max normalization. The stability of the algorithm was evaluated with respect to the solutions obtained; the steel and concrete values obtained in both optimizations were analyzed. Additionally, the geometric variables of the structure were compared. Finally, the results obtained were compared with another algorithm that solved the problem. The results show that there is a trade-off between the use of steel and concrete. The solutions that minimize CO 2 emissions prefer the use of concrete instead of those that optimize the cost. On the other hand, when comparing the geometric variables, it is seen that most remain similar in both optimizations except for the distance between buttresses. When comparing with another algorithm, the results show a good performance in optimization using the black hole algorithm.

scholarly journals Analysis of Operational Efficiencies and Costs for Extracting Thinned Woods in Small-Scale Forestry, Nasunogahara Area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Aruga
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Light Truck ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Manual Extraction ◽  
Truck Transportation

In this study, two operational methodologies to extract thinned woods were investigated in the Nasunogahara area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Methodology one included manual extraction and light truck transportation. Methodology two included mini-forwarder forwarding and four-ton truck transportation. Furthermore, a newly introduced chipper was investigated. As a result, costs of manual extractions within 10 m and 20 m were JPY942/m3 and JPY1040/m3, respectively. On the other hand, the forwarding cost of the mini-forwarder was JPY499/m3, which was significantly lower than the cost of manual extractions. Transportation costs with light trucks and four-ton trucks were JPY7224/m3 and JPY1298/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances. Chipping operation costs were JPY1036/m3 and JPY1160/m3 with three and two persons, respectively. Finally, the total costs of methodologies one and two from extraction within 20 m to chipping were estimated as JPY9300/m3 and JPY2833/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances and three-person chipping operations (EUR1 = JPY126, as of 12 August 2020).

scholarly journals Competing Conventions with Costly Information Acquisition

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Roberto Rozzi
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Equilibrium Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Stochastic Stability Analysis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

We consider an evolutionary model of social coordination in a 2 × 2 game where two groups of players prefer to coordinate on different actions. Players can pay a cost to learn their opponent’s group: if they pay it, they can condition their actions concerning the groups. We assess the stability of outcomes in the long run using stochastic stability analysis. We find that three elements matter for the equilibrium selection: the group size, the strength of preferences, and the information’s cost. If the cost is too high, players never learn the group of their opponents in the long run. If one group is stronger in preferences for its favorite action than the other, or its size is sufficiently large compared to the other group, every player plays that group’s favorite action. If both groups are strong enough in preferences, or if none of the groups’ sizes is large enough, players play their favorite actions and miscoordinate in inter-group interactions. Lower levels of the cost favor coordination. Indeed, when the cost is low, in inside-group interactions, players always coordinate on their favorite action, while in inter-group interactions, they coordinate on the favorite action of the group that is stronger in preferences or large enough.

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