scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbial Enzymes in Normal and Abnormal Cervicovaginal Fluids of Cervical Dysplasia: A Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramanyam Dasari ◽  
Wudayagiri Rajendra ◽  
Lokanatha Valluru
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Microbial Enzymes ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of microbial enzymes in normal and abnormal cervicovaginal fluids of cervical dysplasia. The cervicovaginal infections were evaluated through the estimation of microbial enzymes in patients with and without abnormal cervical cytology like bacterial and fungal infections. The patients were categorized based on infection caused by organism and stages of dysplasia. The pH, Whiff test, and Pap smear tests were conducted for normal and abnormal cervical swabs based on standard protocols. Microbial enzymes include mucinase, sialidases, and proteases of the cervical swabs and are estimated according to standard methods. The results of abnormal cervical cytological smears showed increased pH and the presence of amines with different levels of Pap smear test. Increased levels of microbial enzymes were observed in patients with abnormal cytology than normal cytology. Three microbial enzymes mucinase, sialidase, and protease were significantly (P<0.01) more elevated in patients with bacterial infections (8.97±0.64,10.39±0.28,8.12±0.64) than without dysplasia (2.02±0.8,1.98±0.3,1.96±0.8). The results reinforce that the microbial infection seems to be more prone to cervical dysplasia and may act as risk-factor for the development of cervical cancer along with HPV infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology and HPV DNA positivity among HIV positive women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3649
Author(s):  
Sunita Malik ◽  
Supriti Kumari ◽  
Harsha S. Gaikwad ◽  
Archana Mishra ◽  
Mausumi Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Hpv Dna Testing ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: The relationship among HIV, HPV, and development of CIN is complex and incompletely understood. Present study is undertaken to find out the prevalence and relationship of abnormal cervical cytology and HPV infection in HIV positive women.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case control study conducted on 95 HIV seropositive and 95 seronegative women. Specimen was collected from the cervix for HPV DNA testing, subtyping and cytology.Results: HPV DNA positivity was higher in seropositive group (18.6% vs. 7.4%). Premalignant conditions were found only in seropositive group. At CD4 count <249 HPV DNA positivity was 53%, at 250-499 the percentage of HPV DNA positivity was 31% and at >500 HPV DNA positivity was 19%.Conclusions: Prevalence of abnormal cytology and HPV DNA positivity is higher amongst HIV positive women and there is an association between HPV DNA positivity with lower CD4 counts. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection, Serovar Distribution and Co-Infections with Seven High-Risk HPV Types among Italian Women with a Recent History of Abnormal Cervical Cytology

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Martinelli ◽  
Rosario Musumeci ◽  
Alberto Rizzo ◽  
Narcisa Muresu ◽  
Andrea Piana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
History Of

Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections throughout the world. Despite the serious complications associated with chronic Ct infections in sexually active women, a screening program is not yet available in Italy. Moreover, HPV/Ct co-infections are also known to occur frequently, increasing the risk of HPV-induced carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Ct infections, the distribution of Ct serovars, and the incidences of Ct/HPV co-infections among women with a recent history of abnormal cervical cytology. Cervical samples were collected from 199 women referred for a gynecological visit following an abnormal Pap test results. All samples were tested for the presence of Ct and HPV DNA using real-time PCR assays; Ct typing of positive samples was performed by PCR–RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) targeting the ompA gene. A high percentage of these women (12.8% and 21.7% with or without abnormal cytology on “retesting”, respectively) were found to be Ct positive. Serovar F was the most prevalent type in Ct positive women, followed by E and K. Ct/HPV co-infections were detected in 7% (14/199) of enrolled women, with HPV-16, HPV-51, and HPV-52 being most frequently identified in co-infections. This study provides new epidemiological data on the prevalence of Ct and associated HPV infection in women with a recent history of abnormal cervical cytology in Italy, where notification of cases is not mandatory.

Age factor and implication of human papillomavirus type-specific prevalence in women with normal cervical cytology

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. LAI ◽  
A. CHAO ◽  
C. J. CHANG ◽  
C. C. HUANG ◽  
L. C. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Normal Cervical Cytology

SUMMARYThe prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with normal cervical cytology varies widely according to the population studied. Two non-overlapping population-based cohort studies of women aged ⩾30 years for the periods 2008–2009 (n=5026) and 2004–2005 (n=10 014) were analysed. The prevalence rate of HPV was 11·0% (95% CI 10·5–11·6). HPV infection was significantly associated with age, menopausal status, and inversely associated with hormone replacement therapy. There was an increasing trend of α3/α15, α5/α6, and multiple HPV infections with increasing age. The five most common types were HPV52, 18, 53, 58 and 70, while HPV16, 31, 33 ranked 21st, 25th, and 16th, respectively, in the merged cohort with normal cytology (n=14 724). HPV16, 31, and 33 were significantly associated with abnormal cytology, which could have resulted in their rarity in the total merged cohort (n=15 040).

scholarly journals Significance of molecular diagnostics in human papilloma virus (HPV) determination

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kovacevic ◽  
V. Milosevic ◽  
I. Hrnjakovic-Cvjetkovic ◽  
V. Petrovic ◽  
S. Stefan-Mikic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Cervical Cancer Development ◽  
High Risk Hpv

HPV infection is considered to be the most important etiologic factor in cervical cancer development. In this retrospective study, which included the period from 2000 to 2012, the results of two molecular techniques used in the detection of HPV infection among women of the South Backa District were analyzed. By using the technique of in situ hybridization and the rPCR method, the proportion of high-risk HPV among women with normal cytology was determined to be 19.8% and 32.7%, respectively, and among women with abnormal cytology 43.1% and 61%, respectively. Among the analyzed women, HPV type 16 was the most prevalent, followed by HPV types 31, 51 and 18. Application of molecular HPV diagnosis is valuable because it increases the sensitivity of the screening test, so that the application of both tests to detect cervical cancer is a true prevention of malignancy.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in relation with cervical cytology in Bengali population of India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puja Banerjee ◽  
Arghya Bondhopadhyay ◽  
Bibek Mohan Rakshit ◽  
Amitava Pal ◽  
Anupam Basu
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Different Types

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the major infectious agents of cervical cancer. Papanicolaou (pap) smear study is generally carried out to screen the initial cervical condition and consequently specific PCR based study is carried out to recognize the different types of HPV. In the present study, we would like to screen the frequency of HPV infection in the women with normal and abnormal cervical discharges.MethodsIn our study, 216 subjects were recruited. Cervical cytology was done by Pap smear test. Nested PCR was carried out using MY09/11 and GP 5+/6+ primers to screen HPV infection.Result and conclusionA significant co-relation between HPV infection and early sexual intercourse was observed. We found a higher HPV prevalence in the age group below 29 years(35.48%). 85.71% SCC patients were positive for HPV infection, 80% HSIL patients were positive for HPV infection, 75% LSIL patients were positive for HPV infection; 66.7% ASCUS patients were positive for HPV infection. 50% ASC-H patients were positive for HPV infection. HPV positive was found in 22.22% of the subjects, among them 16.75% show normal cytology (NILM).

scholarly journals 14-type HPV mRNA test in triage of HPV DNA positive postmenopausal women with normal cytology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Christine Asciutto ◽  
Christer Borgfeldt ◽  
Ola Forslund
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Luminex Assay ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hpv Mrna

Abstract Background: During 2013 and 2016 the Region of Skåne, Sweden, started to analyse human papillomavirus (HPV) and cytology in postmenopausal women 60-65 years of age. Our aim was to evaluate high-risk (HR) HPV mRNA testing for the triage of HPV DNA positive postmenopausal women with normal cytology. Methods: A total of 271 women, 60-65 years of age, underwent liquid based cytology (LBC) and HPV testing by using the HR-HPV DNA MGP-PCR-Luminex assay. HR-HPV DNA-positive women with normal cytology underwent complimentary HPV mRNA testing (Aptima, Hologic Inc.). Over a period of 49 months (SD 11.0) the women received regular follow-up at intervals of 12-18 months. Women with abnormal cytology and/or a positive HR-HPV DNA and/or mRNA result at two subsequent visits were scheduled for colposcopy and clinical examination. Results: Over the surveillance period, 3.6% (10/271) of the HR-HPV DNA positive women developed histologically confirmed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) or worse. The cumulative incidence rates (CIR) were 29.7% (CI 24.8-30.1) for HSIL or worse among HPV mRNA-positive women at enrolment (39.5% 107/271) and 0% among HPV mRNA negative women (60.5%, 164/271), (p=0.002). Conclusions : Postmenopausal women with normal cytology along with the presence of HR-HPV mRNA are at increased risk for development of severe cervical dysplasia, in contrast to those women with negative HR-HPV mRNA. The HR-HPV mRNA APTIMA assay detecting 14 HR-HPV types may be a useful triage method among HPV DNA positive postmenopausal women with normal cytology.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Types, and Factors of HPV Infection Among Women With Abnormal Cervical Cytology Screening at Ramathibodi Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Nithitda Boonthum ◽  
Somsak Suthutvoravut
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Cytology Screening

Background: Cervical cancer is the second leading cancer among Thai women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common cause of cervical cancer. HPV16 and HPV18 are the most prevalence types in women with cervical cancer. Objectives: To study the prevalence and types of HPV infection and its associated risk factors among women with abnormal cervical cytology screening. Methods: This cross-sectional study purposively recruited 376 women who had abnormal cervical cytology screening by liquid-based cytology at the outpatient clinic, Ramathibodi Hospital from August 2015 until March 2016. HPV genotyping was done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Analysis of the personal characteristics was done using descriptive statistics. Results: The prevalence of HPV infection was 41.5%. Among them, a single infection was found in 78.8% of women. The most common genotypes were HPV16 (8.5%) and HPV52 (7.7%). But HPV18 was found in only 1.9%. The characteristic which was significantly associated with HPV infection was age, nulliparity, and high-graded dysplasia (P < .05). Conclusions: High prevalence rate of HPV infection was found among women with abnormal cytology. High-risk HPV prevalence and type distribution may be useful for public health authorities in assessing the cervical screening program.  

scholarly journals 14-type HPV mRNA test in triage of HPV DNA positive postmenopausal women with normal cytology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Christine Asciutto ◽  
Christer Borgfeldt ◽  
Ola Forslund
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Surveillance Period ◽  
Normal Cytology ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Luminex Assay ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hpv Mrna

Abstract Background: During 2013 and 2016 the Region of Skåne, Sweden, started to analyse human papillomavirus (HPV) and cytology in postmenopausal women 60-65 years of age. Our aim was to evaluate high-risk (HR) HPV mRNA testing for the triage of HPV DNA positive postmenopausal women with normal cytology.Methods: A total of 271 women, 60-65 years of age, underwent liquid based cytology (LBC) and HPV testing by using the HR-HPV DNA MGP-PCR-Luminex assay. HR-HPV DNA-positive women with normal cytology underwent complimentary HPV mRNA testing (Aptima, Hologic Inc.). Over a period of 49 months (SD 11.0) the women received regular follow-up at intervals of 12-18 months. Women with abnormal cytology and/or a positive HR-HPV DNA and/or mRNA result at two subsequent visits were scheduled for colposcopy and clinical examination. Results: Over the surveillance period, 3.6% (10/271) of the HR-HPV DNA positive women developed histologically confirmed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) or worse. The cumulative incidence rates (CIR) were 29.7% (CI 24.8-30.1) for HSIL or worse among HPV mRNA-positive women at enrolment (39.5% 107/271) and 0% among HPV mRNA negative women (60.5%, 164/271), (p=0.002). Conclusions: Postmenopausal women with normal cytology along with the presence of HR-HPV mRNA are at increased risk for development of severe cervical dysplasia, in contrast to those women with negative HR-HPV mRNA. The HR-HPV mRNA APTIMA assay detecting 14 HR-HPV types may be a useful triage method among HPV DNA positive postmenopausal women with normal cytology.

scholarly journals Cervical Dysplasia and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Adolescent Females in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Adler ◽  
Melissa Wallace ◽  
Thola Bennie ◽  
Megan Mrubata ◽  
Beau Abar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Increased Risk

Background.HIV-infected adolescents may be at higher risk for high-grade cervical lesions than HIV-uninfected adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections and Pap smear abnormalities between these two groups.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, we compared the HPV DNA and Pap smear results between 35 HIV-infected and 50 HIV-uninfected adolescents in order to determine the prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes and cervical cytological abnormalities. Comparisons were made using Pearsonχ2and independent-samplest-tests analyses, and associations between demographic and behavioral characteristics and HPV infections were examined.Results.HIV-infected participants were more likely to be infected with any HPV (88.6% versus 48.0%;P<0.001) and with at least one HR-HPV (60.0% versus 24.0%;P=0.001), and to have multiple concurrent HPV infections (68.6% versus 22.0%;P<0.001). HPV 16 and 18 were relatively underrepresented among HR-HPV infections. Abnormal Pap test results were more common among HIV-infected participants (28.8% versus 12.0%;P=0.054). A history of smoking was associated with HR-HPV infection.Conclusions.HIV-infected adolescents have an increased risk of infection with HR-HPV and of Pap test abnormalities. The majority of HR-HPV infections among our participants would not be prevented by the currently available vaccinations against HPV.

Effectiveness of the Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Against Cervical Dysplasia in Manitoba, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salaheddin M. Mahmud ◽  
Erich V. Kliewer ◽  
Pascal Lambert ◽  
Songul Bozat-Emre ◽  
Alain A. Demers
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Screening Programs

Purpose Effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus (QHPV) vaccine against cervical dysplasia has not been estimated using population-based individual level data. We assessed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the QHPV vaccine against cervical dysplasia using data collected routinely in Manitoba. Methods Females ≥ 15 years old who received the QHPV vaccine in Manitoba between September 2006 and April 2010 privately (n = 3,541) were matched on age to up to three nonvaccinated females (n = 9,594). We used Cox regression models to estimate the hazard ratios for three outcomes: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), and high-grade SILs (HSILs). Results Among the 15- to 17-year-olds, the adjusted VE estimates were 35% (95% CI, −19% to 65%), 21% (−10% to 43%), and −1% (−44% to 29%) against the detection of HSILs, LSILs, and ASCUS, respectively. The corresponding estimates were higher (46% [0% to 71%], 35% [10% to 54%], and 23% [−8% to 45%]) among those who had ≥ one Pap smear after enrollment. The QHPV vaccine was associated with 23% (−17% to 48%) reduction in HSIL risk among those ≥ 18 with no history of abnormal cytology, but there was no evidence of protection among those with such a history (−8% [−59% to 27%]). Conclusion A significant percentage of vaccinated women may not be protected against HSIL and lesser dysplasia especially if they were vaccinated at older age (≥ 18) or had abnormal cytology before vaccination. These findings affirm the importance of vaccination before any significant exposure to HPV occurs and underscore the need for screening programs that cover all sexually active women, even if they were vaccinated.

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