Cervical Dysplasia and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections among HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Adolescent Females in South Africa

Background.HIV-infected adolescents may be at higher risk for high-grade cervical lesions than HIV-uninfected adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections and Pap smear abnormalities between these two groups.Methods.In this cross-sectional study, we compared the HPV DNA and Pap smear results between 35 HIV-infected and 50 HIV-uninfected adolescents in order to determine the prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes and cervical cytological abnormalities. Comparisons were made using Pearsonχ2and independent-samplest-tests analyses, and associations between demographic and behavioral characteristics and HPV infections were examined.Results.HIV-infected participants were more likely to be infected with any HPV (88.6% versus 48.0%;P<0.001) and with at least one HR-HPV (60.0% versus 24.0%;P=0.001), and to have multiple concurrent HPV infections (68.6% versus 22.0%;P<0.001). HPV 16 and 18 were relatively underrepresented among HR-HPV infections. Abnormal Pap test results were more common among HIV-infected participants (28.8% versus 12.0%;P=0.054). A history of smoking was associated with HR-HPV infection.Conclusions.HIV-infected adolescents have an increased risk of infection with HR-HPV and of Pap test abnormalities. The majority of HR-HPV infections among our participants would not be prevented by the currently available vaccinations against HPV.

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The Relationship between Cocaine Use and Human Papillomavirus Infections in HIV-Seropositive and HIV-Seronegative Women

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/2008/587082 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Howard Minkoff ◽

Ye Zhong ◽

Howard D. Strickler ◽

D. Heather Watts ◽

Joel M. Palefsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Crack Cocaine ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hiv Seropositive ◽

Oncogenic Hpv

Objective. Animal data suggest that cocaine has an immunosuppressive effect, but no human studies have been conducted to assess the relation of cocaine use with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the viral cause of cervical cancer. Since both cocaine use and HPV infection are common among HIV-positive women, we sought to determine whether use of cocaine and/or crack influences the natural history of HPV among women with or at high risk of HIV.Methods. Women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (2278 HIV-seropositive and 826 high-risk seronegative women) were examined every six months for up to 9.5 years with Pap smear, collection of cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) samples, and detailed questionnaires regarding health and behavior, including use of crack and cocaine (crack/cocaine). CVLs were tested for HPV DNA by PCR, with genotyping for over forty HPV types.Results. In multivariate logistic regression models, censoring women treated for cervical neoplasia, crack/cocaine use within the last six months was associated with prevalent detection of oncogenic HPV DNA (odds ratio [OR] = 1.30 (1.09–1.55)), and with oncogenic HPV-positive squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) (OR = 1.70 (1.27–2.27)), following adjustment for age, race, HIV-serostatus, and CD4+ T-cell count, the number of sexual partners in the past six months, and smoking. In multivariate Cox models crack/cocaine use was also associated with a trend that approached significance in regard to incident detection of oncogenic HPV-positive SIL (HR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.99–2.30), and while the rate of oncogenic HPV clearance was not related to cocaine use, the clearance of any SIL was significantly lower in those with versus those without recent crack/cocaine use (HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.97).Conclusions. Cocaine use is associated with an increased risk of detection of both prevalent and incident oncogenic HPV infection, as well as an increased risk of HPV-positive SIL over time.

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Cervical Cancer Prevention in Racially Disparate Rural Populations

Medicines ◽

10.3390/medicines6030093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Patti Olusola ◽

Kia Ousley ◽

Harrison Ndetan ◽

Karan P. Singh ◽

Hirendra Nath Banerjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

African American Women ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Pap Test ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

East Texas ◽

Increased Risk ◽

High Risk Hpv

Background: Undergoing a timely Pap smear, high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV)- and colposcopy-based testing can reduce HPV-associated cervical cancer (CC) development in women. However, in rural areas, women and minorities without insurance do not undergo periodic assessment and remain at greater risk of HPV infection and CC. Methods: In this study, 173 women from rural East Texas with various ethnic backgrounds were examined thorough HPV/Pap-based testing and colposcopic assessment. Results: Of the 113 informative cases, 77% (87/113) were positive for high-risk HPV infection and 23% of subjects (26/113) were negative. Associations between HPV positivity with young age (p = 0.002), and a low number of pregnancy (p = 0.004) and births (p = 0.005) were evident. Women with long-term use of contraceptives (OR 1.93, 95% CI, 0.80–4.69) were associated with increased risk of HPV infection. African-American women had a higher risk of abnormal Pap outcome compared to Caucasians (OR 5.31, 95% CI, 0.67–42.0). HPV seemed to be a predictor of abnormal Pap outcome (OR 1.77, 95% CI, 0.48–6.44) in these subjects. Unmarried/widowed/divorced women had an increased abnormal Pap test outcome compared to married women or women living with a partner (p = 0.01), with over 278% increased odds (OR 3.78 at 95% CI, 1.29–11.10). Insured women undergoing periodic checkups were detected early with high-risk HPV infection and abnormal Pap test/colposcopic outcome. Conclusions: Comprehensive and timely screening of uninsured women and minorities in rural East Texas are warranted, which could potentially prevent the onset of HPV-associated CC.

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Evaluation of Dynamic Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis on Hpv Positive-Women in Progression to Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion

10.21203/rs.3.rs-559471/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Recep Erin ◽

Yeşim Bayoğlu Tekin ◽

Hatice Küçük ◽

Özcan Erel

Keyword(s):

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Study Groups ◽

Systemic Circulation ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cervical Lesion ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Total Thiol

Abstract PURPOSE: Dynamic thiol disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is critical in cervical carcinogenesis at HPV infection as a sign of antioxidant consumption native and total thiol levels decrease in progress to cervical intraepithelial lesions. TDH is the main actor in signaling pathways, apoptosis, antioxidant and detoxification reactions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of TDH intraepithelial progression of cervical precancerous lesions on HPV positive women.METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Subjects were selected from newly diagnosed high risk HPV DNA-positive patients. TDH results were calculated as the levels of disulfide, native and total thiol, the ratios of disulfide/total thiol (SS/SH+SS), disulfide/native thiol (SS/SH) and native thiol/total thiol (SH/SH+SS).RESULTS: A total of 146 women were included in the study. Study groups were as group one; control included 66 participants, group two; HPV DNA-positive women without preinvasive cervical lesion included 30 participants and group three; HPV DNA-positive women with preinvasive cervical lesion included 50 participants. Native and total thiol levels were elevated on HPV-positive women without preinvasive cervical lesions. There were no significant differences between groups related to the ratios of SS/SH, SS/ Total SH, SH/ Total SH levels. CONCLUSIONS: HPV infection related to oxidative stress has effects on oxidant/antioxidant balance and could be demonstrated in systemic circulation by TDH parameters. Consumption of thiol substances play role in the cervical neoplastic process, replacement with antioxidants would be a treatment option for HPV infections.

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Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of anogenital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) carriage in a cross-sectional, multi-ethnic, community-based Asian male population

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245731

Author(s):

Su Pei Khoo ◽

Mohd Khairul Anwar Shafii ◽

Nirmala Bhoo-Pathy ◽

Siew Hwei Yap ◽

Shridevi Subramaniam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Male Population ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

High Risk Hpv

Background Addressing the burden of HPV-associated diseases among men is increasingly becoming a public health issue. The main objective of this study was to determine HPV prevalence among a healthy community-based Malaysian men. Method This was a cross-sectional study that recruited 503 healthy males from 3 community-based clinics in Selangor, Malaysia. Genital and anal samples were collected from each participant for 14 high risk and 2 low risk HPV DNA detection and genotyping. All participants responded to a set of detailed sociodemographic and sexual behaviour questionnaire. Results The median age at enrolment was 40 years old (IQR: 31–50). The anogenital HPV6/11 prevalence was 3.2% whereas high risk HPV prevalence was 27.1%. The genital HPV prevalence for HPV6/11 was 2.9% while high risk HPV was 18.8%. HPV6/11 prevalence in the anal canal was 1.6% and high risk HPV was 12.7%. HPV 18 was the most prevalent genotype detected in the anogenital area. There was a significant independent association between genital and anal HPV infections. Conclusion Anogenital HPV infection is common among Malaysian men. These findings emphasize the ubiquity of HPV infection and thus the value of population-wide access to HPV prevention.

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Prevalence of Human Papilloma virus in women with Abnormal Cervical Smears from Sarawak, Malaysia

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00481 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2729-2734

Author(s):

Myat San Yi ◽

Tan Cheng Siang ◽

Soe Lwin ◽

Kay Thi Myint ◽

Khin Than Yee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Low Grade ◽

Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Intraepithelial Lesion

Introduction: Cervical cancer is common cancer and ranked in fourth place in both incidence and mortality worldwide. It is 3rd most common female cancer in Malaysia with a lifetime risk of 1 in 116. Infection with high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) is recognized as one of the substantial risk factors for the development of cervical cancers. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted to determine the prevalence of HPV infection and its subtypes among women with various degrees of abnormal smears, who were seen in the colposcopy clinic of Sarawak General Hospital within six months’ period from January to June 2018. We recruited 56 participants. There were 23 each for an atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 10 high- grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). DNA was extracted, and HPV genotypes were determined via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using two primer pairs MY09/MY11 and GP5+/GP6+. Results: The age ranged from 23 to 56 years, with a mean age of 42.96 years. HPV was detected in 20 out of 56 (35.7%). There were 6 high-risk oncogenic HPVs (18, 51, 52, 56, 58, 68) detected in participants and the most prevalent subtypes were 18, 52, and 58 (20% each). Four low-risk HPVs detected were 6, 53, 70, and 84. There was a significant association between the severity of cervical lesions and HPV positivity (P < 0.004). HSIL had the highest positive predictive value to have HPV infection as 70% compared to 43.4% of LSIL and 9.3% of ASC-US. Conclusion: Distribution of HPV subtypes from women with abnormal smears from Sarawak indicated a high prevalence of HPV 18, 52, and 58. We also identified HPV 70, which has never been reported in West Malaysia. These findings could contribute valuable information for HPV vaccination strategies, particularly for Sarawakian women.

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High-risk human papilloma virus infection and cervical neoplasm in female inflammatory bowel disease patients: a cross-sectional study

Gastroenterology Report ◽

10.1093/gastro/goy053 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 338-344

Author(s):

Miao Li ◽

Qing-Fan Yang ◽

Qian Cao ◽

Jian Tang ◽

Yu Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background and aim This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, especially types 16 and 18, and cervical neoplasia in female Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Methods From July 2014 to January 2017, sexually active, female, Chinese IBD patients (21–60 years) and age-matched controls underwent cervical ThinPrep cytology testing (TCT) and high-risk HPV-DNA detection, and completed questionnaires about awareness of cervical cancer and HPV. Cervical dysplasia was categorized as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, 2 and 3. Results Of 124 IBD patients (30 ulcerative colitis and 94 Crohn’s disease), 17 (13.7%) had high-risk HPV among whom 9 (7.3%) had HPV 16/18 infection and 4 (3.2%) had cervical CIN (3 CIN 3, 1 CIN 1) by pathology. Among 372 controls, 33 (8.9%) had high-risk HPV and only 1 (0.3%) had HPV 16 infection. Cervical TCT detected atypical squamous cells of unknown significance in one control; no control had CIN. The HPV 16/18 infection rate and CIN prevalence were significantly higher in IBD patients than controls (both P < 0.001). The HPV-infection rate was higher in patients administered methotrexate [P = 0.005, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 4.76 (1.471–15.402)] or more than two immunosuppressants [P = 0.013, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 3.64 (1.255–10.562)]. Thiopurine, steroid, infliximab and disease behavior/location were not associated with HPV infection. Only 29.3% of patients had undergone cervical-cancer screening. Awareness of HPV infection and HPV-related cervical cancer was poor (28.2%). Conclusions Female IBD patients are at increased risk of high-risk HPV infection and cervical neoplasia, which may be associated with immunosuppressants. Education and routine follow-up with HPV-DNA testing and TCT are recommended, especially in female Chinese IBD patients.

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The characteristics and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection: an outpatient population-based study in Changsha, Hunan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94635-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bingsi Gao ◽

Yu-Ligh Liou ◽

Yang Yu ◽

Lingxiao Zou ◽

Waixing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Test Kit

AbstractThis cross-sectional study investigated the characteristics of cervical HPV infection in Changsha area and explored the influence of Candida vaginitis on this infection. From 11 August 2017 to 11 September 2018, 12,628 outpatient participants ranged from 19 to 84 years old were enrolled and analyzed. HPV DNA was amplified and tested by HPV GenoArray Test Kit. The vaginal ecology was detected by microscopic and biochemistry examinations. The diagnosis of Candida vaginitis was based on microscopic examination (spores, and/or hypha) and biochemical testing (galactosidase) for vaginal discharge by experts. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed by t-tests and by Chi-square tests, respectively. HPV infection risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Of the total number of participants, 1753 were infected with HPV (13.88%). Females aged ≥ 40 to < 50 years constituted the largest population of HPV-infected females (31.26%). The top 5 HPV subtypes affecting this population of 1753 infected females were the following: HPV-52 (28.01%), HPV-58 (14.83%), CP8304 (11.47%), HPV-53 (10.84%), and HPV-39 (9.64%). Age (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1–1.01; P < 0.05) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09–1.56; P < 0.01) were found to be risk factors for HPV infection. However, the presence of Candida in the vaginal flora was found to be a protective factor against HPV infection (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.48–0.8; P < 0.001). Comparing with our previous study of 2016, we conclude that the subtype distribution of HPV infection is relatively constant in Changsha. Our data suggest a negative correlation between vaginal Candida and HPV, however, more radical HPV management is required in this area for perimenopausal women and those who regularly consume alcohol.

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Genotypic distribution of human oncogenic papillomaviruses in sexually active women in Burkina Faso: Central, Central-Eastern and Hauts-Bassins regions

BioMolecular Concepts ◽

10.1515/bmc-2020-0011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 125-136

Author(s):

Rogomenoma Alice Ouedraogo ◽

Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon ◽

Ina Marie Angèle Traore ◽

Abdoul Karim Ouattara ◽

Sindimalgdé Patricia Guigma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Large Scale ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sexually Active ◽

Cervical Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Genotypic Distribution ◽

Hpv Genotypes ◽

Central Eastern

AbstractObjectivethis study was conducted to determine the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes in women in the general population of three regions of Burkina Faso.MethodThis multicenter, descriptive cross-sectional study involved 1321 sexually active women in five cities in three regions of Burkina Faso: Central, Central-Eastern and Hauts-Bassins regions. After collection of endocervical specimens, pre-cervical lesions were screened by visual inspection with acetic acid and lugol (VIA / VILI). HR-HPV genotypes were characterized by multiplex real-time PCR after extraction of viral DNA.ResultsThe mean age of women was 31.98 ± 10.09 years. The HR-HPV infection in the three regions ranged from 26.16% to 43.26% with 35.42% as overall prevalence in women. The most common HR-HPV genotypes in descending order were: HPV 56, 52, 66, 59, 39, 51, 18, 35. The prevalence of bivalent vaccine genotypes (HPV16 / 18) was 7.83% against 63.78% of genotypes not covered by HPV vaccine; 36.32% (170/468) of women had multiple concomitant HR-HPV infections.Conclusionthis study showed significant regional variation and high prevalence of HR-HPV infection in women. The predominant genotypes differ from those covered by available vaccines in Burkina Faso. These results will help guide our health policies towards better prevention of cervical cancer. The diversity of oncogenic genotypes is sparking a large-scale study in the West African sub-region, particularly in cases of cancer and the introduction of the nonavalent vaccine which includes HPV 52 found among the predominant genotypes in this study.

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Lack of HPV in pterygium with no evidence of autoinoculation and the role of cytokines in pterygium with dry eye

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82114-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lita Uthaithammarat ◽

Ngamjit Kasetsuwan ◽

Yuda Chongpison ◽

Pimpetch Kasetsuwan ◽

Usanee Reinprayoon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractThis study evaluated human papillomavirus’s (HPV) role in pterygium pathogenesis, its autoinoculation from genitalia to ocular surface, potential cytokines involved, and crosstalk cytokines between pterygium and dry eye (DE). This cross-sectional study enrolled 25 healthy controls (HCs) and 116 pterygium patients. Four subgroups of pterygium and DE were used in cytokine evaluations. Conjunctival and pterygium swabs and first-void urine samples (i.e., genitalia samples) were collected for HPV DNA detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Tear cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-18, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tears were evaluated. No HPV DNA was detected in conjunctival or pterygium swabs. No association was found between HPV DNA in urine samples and that from conjunctival or pterygium swabs. Tear VEGF levels were significantly higher in pterygium patients than in HCs, with no markedly different levels between primary and recurrent pterygia. Tear IL-6, IL-18, and tear VEGF were significantly higher in participants with DE, regardless of pterygium status. In conclusion, HPV infection was not a pathogenic factor of pterygia. The hypothesis of HPV transmitting from the genitals to ocular surfaces was nullified. Tear VEGF was involved in both pterygia and DE, whereas tear IL-6 and IL-18 played roles only in DE.

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Prevalence of High Risk HPV in HIV-Infected Women From Belém, Pará, Amazon Region of Brazil: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.649152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro ◽

Ricardo Roberto de Souza Fonseca ◽

Tuane Carolina de Sousa Ferreira ◽

Luana Lorena Silva Rodrigues ◽

Andreza Reis Brasil da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Transmitted Infection ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Multiple Sexual Partners ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

High Risk Hpv

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world. Several studies have shown a higher prevalence of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the genotype diversity of HPV infection in HIV-infected women. From April 2010 to December 2012 cervical specimens were collected from 169 HIV-infected women who screening for cervical cancer at Reference Unit in Belém. The detection of HPV infection was performed by nested PCR and HPV type was performed using a commercial system. The prevalence of HPV infection was 63.3%. Of the 47 genotyped samples, 40.4% was found positive for high risk-HPV 16 and 12.8% for high risk-HPV 52. HPV infection was predominant in the group of women with no incidence of cytological abnormalities and more prevalent in women of reproductive age, unmarried, low education level, and who reported use condoms during sexual intercourse. It was observed an association between HPV infection and independent variables, such as condom use, multiple sexual partners, and history of sexually transmitted diseases. High-risk types of HPV infection were prevalent in our study. Infection with multiple high-risk HPV genotypes may potentiate the development of cervical cancer in HIV-infected women.

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