Optimization of Biohydrogen Production with Biomechatronics

Massive utilization of petroleum and natural gas caused fossil fuel shortages. Consequently, a large amount of carbon dioxide and other pollutants are produced and induced environmental impact. Hydrogen is considered a clean and alternative energy source. It contains relatively high amount of energy compared with other fuels and by-product is water. In this study, the combination of ultrasonic mechanical and biological effects is utilized to increase biohydrogen production from dark fermentation bacteria. The hydrogen production is affected by many process conditions. For obtaining the optimal result, experimental design is planned using the Taguchi Method. Four controlling factors, the ultrasonic frequency, energy, exposure time, and starch concentration, are considered to calculate the highest hydrogen production by the Taguchi Method. Under the best operating conditions, the biohydrogen production efficiency of dark fermentation increases by 19.11%. Results have shown that the combination of ultrasound and biological reactors for dark fermentation hydrogen production outperforms the traditional biohydrogen production method. The ultrasonic mechanical effects in this research always own different significances on biohydrogen production.

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Biohydrogen production by fermentive bacterium Clostridium sp. Tr2 using batch fermenter system controlled pH under dark fermentation

Journal of Vietnamese Environment ◽

10.13141/jve.vol9.no1.pp4-10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 4-10

Author(s):

Thi Thu Huyen Nguyen ◽

Thi Yen Dang ◽

Thuy Hien Lai

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Dark Fermentation ◽

Gas Production ◽

Biohydrogen Production ◽

Great Promise ◽

Hydrogen Yield ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Fermentative Bacteria

Limitation of fuels reserves and contribution of fossil fuels to the greenhouse effect leads to develop anew, clean and sustainable energy. Among the various options, biohydrogen appears as a promising alternative energy source. The fermentative hydrogen production process holds a great promise for commercial processes. Hydrogen production by fermentative bacteria is a very complex and greatly inﬂuenced by pH. This paper presents biohydrogen production by bacterial strain Clostridium sp. Tr2. Operational pH strongly affected its hyrogen production. Its gas production rate as well as obtained gas product were roughly increase twice under controlled pH at 6 than non-controlled condition. Dark fermentation for hydrogen production of strain Tr2 was performed under bottle as well as automatic fermenter scale under optimal nutritional and environmental conditions at 30°C, initial pH at 6.5, then pH was controlled at 6 for bioreactor scale (BioFlo 110). Bioreactor scale was much better for hydrogen production of strain Tr2. Clostridium sp. Tr2 produced 0.74 L hydro (L medium)-1 occupying 72.6 % of total gas under bottle scale while it produced 2.94 L hydro (L medium)-1 occupying 95.82 % of total gas under fermenter scale. Its maximum obtained hydrogen yield of Clostridium sp. Tr2 under bioreactor scale Bioflo 110 in optimal medium with controlled pH 6 was 2.31 mol hydro (mol glucose)-1. Dự trữ nhiên liệu có giới hạn và việc sử dụng nhiên liêu hoá thạch góp phần không nhỏ gây hiệu ứng nhà kính dẫn đến cần phải phát triển năng lượng mới, sạch và bền vững. Trong số các giải pháp, hydro sinh học xuất hiện như một nguồn năng lượng thay thế đầy hứa hẹn. Quá trình lên men sản xuất hydro có tiềm năng lớn để áp dụng trong sản xuất thương mại. Tuy nhiên qúa trình này rất phức tạp và chịu ảnh hưởng lớn bởi pH. Nghiên cứu này trình bày sản xuất hydro sinh học do chủng vi khuẩn Clostridium sp. Tr2. Quá trình sản xuất hydro của chủng này bị ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ bởi pH thay đổi trong quá trình lên men. Tốc độ tạo khí cũng như lượng khí thu được của chủng này tăng gần gấp đôi trong môi trường có duy trì pH ở pH 6 so với môi trường không kiểm soát pH. Quá trình lên men tối sản xuất hydro của chủng Tr2 được thực hiện ở quy mô bình thí nghiệm cũng như bình lên men tự động trong điều kiện môi trường tối ưu ở 30°C, pH ban đầu 6.5, ở qui mô bình lên men tự động (BioFlo 110), pH môi trường sau đó được duy trì ổn định ở pH 6. Lên men sản xuất hdyro của chủng Tr2 trong bình lên men tự động tốt hơn rất nhiều so với lên men trong bình thí nghiệm. Clostridium sp. Tr2 chỉ tạo ra được 0,74 L hydro (L medium)-1 chiếm 72,6 % tổng thể tích khí thu được ở điều kiện lên men bình thí nghiệm trong khi chủng này sản xuất được 2,94 L hydro (L medium)-1 chiếm 95,82 % tổng thể tích khí ở điều kiện lên men tự động. Sản lượng hydro thu được lớn nhất của chủng này trong bình lên men tự động BioFlo 110 trong trong môi trường tối ưu có kiểm soát pH tại pH 6 là 2,31 mol hydro (mol glucose)-1.

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Zeolite addition to improve biohydrogen production from dark fermentation of C5/C6-sugars and Sargassum sp. biomass

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95615-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. M. Silva ◽

A. A. Abreu ◽

A. F. Salvador ◽

M. M. Alves ◽

I. C. Neves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Dark Fermentation ◽

Inorganic Materials ◽

Biohydrogen Production ◽

High Rate ◽

Continuous Reactor ◽

Organic Loading Rate ◽

Fermentation Products ◽

Zeolite Type

AbstractThermophilic biohydrogen production by dark fermentation from a mixture (1:1) of C5 (arabinose) and C6 (glucose) sugars, present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, and from Sargassum sp. biomass, is studied in this work in batch assays and also in a continuous reactor experiment. Pursuing the interest of studying interactions between inorganic materials (adsorbents, conductive and others) and anaerobic bacteria, the biological processes were amended with variable amounts of a zeolite type-13X in the range of zeolite/inoculum (in VS) ratios (Z/I) of 0.065–0.26 g g−1. In the batch assays, the presence of the zeolite was beneficial to increase the hydrogen titer by 15–21% with C5 and C6-sugars as compared to the control, and an increase of 27% was observed in the batch fermentation of Sargassum sp. Hydrogen yields also increased by 10–26% with sugars in the presence of the zeolite. The rate of hydrogen production increased linearly with the Z/I ratios in the experiments with C5 and C6-sugars. In the batch assay with Sargassum sp., there was an optimum value of Z/I of 0.13 g g−1 where the H2 production rate observed was the highest, although all values were in a narrow range between 3.21 and 4.19 mmol L−1 day−1. The positive effect of the zeolite was also observed in a continuous high-rate reactor fed with C5 and C6-sugars. The increase of the organic loading rate (OLR) from 8.8 to 17.6 kg m−3 day−1 of COD led to lower hydrogen production rates but, upon zeolite addition (0.26 g g−1 VS inoculum), the hydrogen production increased significantly from 143 to 413 mL L−1 day−1. Interestingly, the presence of zeolite in the continuous operation had a remarkable impact in the microbial community and in the profile of fermentation products. The effect of zeolite could be related to several properties, including the porous structure and the associated surface area available for bacterial adhesion, potential release of trace elements, ion-exchanger capacity or ability to adsorb different compounds (i.e. protons). The observations opens novel perspectives and will stimulate further research not only in biohydrogen production, but broadly in the field of interactions between bacteria and inorganic materials.

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Calcium effect on fermentative hydrogen production in an anaerobic up-flow sludge blanket system

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.867 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (9) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

F.-Y. Chang ◽

C.-Y. Lin

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Multinomial Regression ◽

Fermentative Hydrogen Production ◽

High Calcium ◽

High Calcium Concentration ◽

Calcium Effect ◽

Fermentative Hydrogen

The effects of calcium ions on a granular fermentative hydrogen production system were investigated in four lab-scale UASB reactors that fed on sucrose (20 g COD/L). The reactors were seeded with anaerobic sewage sludge microflora and operated at a temperature of 35±1°, pH of 6.7 with hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 24–6 h. The experimental results indicated that calcium ion addition (75∼150 mg/L) could enhance the granulation and elevate hydrogen production efficiency. However, an overly-high calcium concentration (300 mg-Ca+2/L) deteriorated the hydrogen productivity. A calcium concentration of 150 mg-Ca+2/L resulted in a peak HP of 3.6 mol H2/mol-sucrose and HPR of 807 mmol-H2/L-d at HRTs of 8 and 6 h, respectively. The EPS concentration of biohydrogenic biomass was higher than that of the aerobic or methanogenic biomass. The protein/carbon-ratio ranged from 0.17 to 0.26%. The multinomial regression analysis shows that the 75∼150 mg-Ca+2/L calcium concentrations and HRT of 6 h were the optimal operating conditions to efficiently produce hydrogen.

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Thermophilic Dark Fermentation of Sewage Sludge for Biohydrogen Production - Influence of pH

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.002711 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 564-571

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Hydrogen Production ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Dark Fermentation ◽

Biohydrogen Production ◽

Pure Hydrogen ◽

Constant Ph ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Sludge Waste ◽

Almost All

<p>This study investigates the usability of sewage sludge, waste from a waste water treatment facility, at the stable thermophilic temperature and different pH conditions in the biohydrogen production by dark fermentation. Without the addition of a pure hydrogen producer and nutrient source, the effect of a different constant pH in the range of pH 4-9 on biohydrogen production using sewage sludge was compared with that of a different initial pH. It was understood from the results that biohydrogen production varies according to the characterization of sewage sludge. In the experiments, the lag time was insignificant (~2h). The maximum hydrogen production was achieved at pH 5 within the first 24-30 hours of fermentation (92894 mL m-3 H2). Therefore, it was determined that the higher digestion efficiencies of the sewage sludge were obtained at pH 5. In general, with the increase in methanogens in the medium, the hydrogen producing ability and hydrogen content of the sewage sludge gradually decreased. Hydrogen production at almost all the pH values after the third day was less than 1000 mL m-3.</p>

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Bio-hydrogen production from wastewater

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2004.0009 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 77-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H.H.P. Fang ◽

H. Liu ◽

T. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Organic Pollutants ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Dark Fermentation ◽

Controlling Factors ◽

Biomass Density ◽

Fermentation Conditions ◽

Step Process ◽

Sludge Granulation

The technically feasibility of converting organic pollutants in wastewater into hydrogen by a continuous two-step process was demonstrated. Two carbohydrates, i.e. glucose and sucrose, in wastewater were respectively acidified by dark fermentation at pH 5.5 with 6–6.6 hours of hydraulic retention in a 3-l fermentor, producing an effluent containing mostly acetate and butyrate, and a methane-free biogas comprising mostly hydrogen. The acidified effluent was then further treated by photo fermentation for hydrogen production. The overall yield based on the substrate consumed was 31–32%, i.e. 17–18% for dark fermentation and 14% for photo fermentation. It was found that under certain dark fermentation conditions, hydrogen-producing sludge was agglutinated into granules, resulting in a higher biomass density and increased volumetric hydrogen production efficiency. DNA-based analysis of microbial communities revealed that the respective predominant bacteria were Clostridium in dark fermentation and Rhodobacter in photo fermentation. Further investigations are warranted, particularly, in areas such as improving reactor design, treating protein and lipid rich wastewaters, and studying sludge granulation mechanisms and controlling factors.

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Effect of Different Inoculum Combination on Biohydrogen Production from Melon Fruit Waste

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.7.2.101-109 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 101-109 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yumechris Amekan ◽

Dyah Sekar A P Wangi ◽

Muhammad Nur Cahyanto ◽

Sarto Sarto ◽

Jaka Widada

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Production Performance ◽

Biohydrogen Production ◽

Cow Dung ◽

Strictly Anaerobic ◽

Hydrogen Yield ◽

Production Type ◽

Fruit Waste ◽

Melon Fruit

The natural microbial consortium from many sources widely used for hydrogen production. Type of substrate and operating conditions applied on the biodigesters of the natural consortium used as inoculum impact the variation of species and number of microbes that induce biogas formation, so this study examined the effect of different inoculum source and its combination of biohydrogen production performance. The hydrogen producing bacteria from fruit waste digester (FW), cow dung digester (CD), and tofu waste digester (TW) enriched under strictly anaerobic conditions at 37OC. Inoculums from 3 different digesters (FW, CD, and TW) and its combination (FW-CD, CD-TW, FW-TW, and FW-CD-TW) were used to test the hydrogen production from melon waste with volatile solids (VS) concentration of 9.65 g/L, 37°C and initial pH 7.05 ± 0.05. The results showed that individual and combined inoculum produced the gas comprising hydrogen and carbon dioxide without any detectable methane. The highest cumulative hydrogen production of 743 mL (yield 207.56 mL/gVS) and 1,132 mL (yield 231.02 mL/gVS) was shown by FW and FW-CD-TW, respectively. Butyric, acetate, formic and propionic were the primary soluble metabolites produced by all the cultures, and the result proves that higher production of propionic acid can decrease hydrogen yield. Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium baratii prominently seen in all single and combination inoculum. Experimental evidence suggests that the inoculum from different biodigesters able to adapt well to the environmental conditions and the new substrate after a combination process as a result of metabolic flexibility derived from the microbial diversity in the community to produce hydrogen. Therefore, inoculum combination could be used as a strategy to improve systems for on-farm energy recovery from animal and plant waste to processing of food and municipal waste.Article History: Received February 5th 2018; Received in revised form May 7th 2018; Accepted June 2nd 2018; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Amekan, Y., Wangi, D.S.A.P., Cahyanto, M.N., Sarto and Widada, J. (2018) Effect of Different Inoculum Combination on Biohydrogen Production from Melon Fruit Waste. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 101-109.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.101-10

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Enhancement of biohydrogen production from the aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes through a dark fermentation process

10.51415/10321/3217 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Nonsikelelo Precios Mthethwa

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Dark Fermentation ◽

Biohydrogen Production ◽

Pistia Stratiotes ◽

Aquatic Weed ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Clostridium Spp

Aquatic weeds are well known for their fast growth rate and high carbohydrate content that can be easily hydrolysed into fermentable sugars. This study was aimed at the utilization of an indigenous aquatic weed, Pistia stratiotes for biohydrogen production through the dark fermentation process. Characterization of the biomass, effect of pre–treatment methods on biomass hydrolysis, effect of reactor operational conditions and type of inoculum on enhancing hydrogen production potential of P. stratiotes was assessed. Physical and chemical pre–treatments were employed on P. stratiotes biomass to increase digestibility and to achieve high conversion rates of fermentable sugars. The highest sugar yield of 139± 0.8 mg/g was obtained when the oven dried biomass was subjected to H2SO4 (2.5%) pre– treatment followed by autoclaving at 121°C for 30 min. Biohydrogen production under different operational conditions was thereafter optimized using One–factor–at–a–time (OFAT) batch experiments in 120 mL serum bottles. A maximum hydrogen yield (HY) of 2.46 ± 0.14 mol-H2/mol-glucose (3.51 ± 0.20 mg-H2/g-dry weight) and 2.75 ± 0.07 mL h-1 hydrogen production rate was observed under optimized conditions (pH 5.5, Temp 35°C, S/X: 1.0 g-COD/g-VSS and HRT 8 h). The organic mass balance (92 – 96%) and electron– equivalent balance (92 – 98%) further indicated the reliability of the obtained fermentation data. Assessment of microbial activity was achieved using molecular techniques such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting both 16s rRNA (of Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp., and Enterobacter spp.) and the functional hydrogenase gene (hydA). The highest gene activity of hydrogenase was noted at pH of 5.5 with 2.53×104 copies/ng-DNA compared to low pH: 4.5 (6.95 × 103 copies/ng-DNA) and high pH: 8.5 (7.77×103 copies/ng- DNA). A similar trend was also observed for the species containing a highly active hydrogenase (i.e. Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp., and Enterobacter spp.). During the optimum reactor conditions, three hydrogen producing bacterial strains Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter cloacae were successfully isolated. These isolates were used as inoculums for the pure culture studies and achieved HYs of 2.2, 1.10 and 1.97 mol-H2/mol-glucose respectively under optimized fermentation conditions. However, the thermally treated mixed culture displayed a marginally higher HY (2.46 mol-H2/mol-glucose) compared to the pure culture used alone. Furthermore, the cost estimation indicated a potential and economically feasible for biotransformation of P. stratiotes to hydrogen energy. In conclusion, the results from this study has revealed the potential of employing P. stratiotes biomass for biohydrogen production. The results also indicated the importance of employing suitable pre–treatment methods, operating conditions as well as inoculum types for enhanced hydrogen production using P. stratiotes.

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Zeolite addition to improve biohydrogen production from dark fermentation of organic wastes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16853/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Rita M Silva ◽

Angela A Abreu ◽

Andreia F Salvador ◽

Maria Madalena Alves ◽

Isabel C Neves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Dark Fermentation ◽

Biohydrogen Production ◽

Continuous Reactor ◽

Batch Reactors ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Production Improvement ◽

Volatile Solids ◽

Zeolite Type

Abstract Background Hydrogen is a clean and renewable energy source that can be produced by biological processes, such as dark fermentation. However, hydrogen production yields are usually low.Results In this work, biohydrogen production from a mixture (1:1) of glucose and arabinose (4.4 g L -1 , in COD) was improved about 1.3 times in batch reactors, and increased 3 times in a continuous reactor (from 143 mL H2 L -1 d -1 to 430 mL H2 L -1 d -1 ), when zeolite type-13X was added. The presence of zeolite led to the stimulation of different metabolic pathways and to changes in the microbial community composition, which seems to be linked to hydrogen production improvement. The zeolite effect in dark fermentation was also verified for more complex substrates. Hydrogen production yield from Sargassum sp., was improved 1.4 times by the presence of zeolite (94.8 L H 2 Kg -1 Sargassum sp . Volatile Solids (VS)).Conclusions The results show that zeolite is suitable to improve biohydrogen production by dark fermentation.

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Study on Biohydrogen Production of Dark Fermentation with the Stimulation of Ultrasonic

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.451 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 479-480 ◽

pp. 451-456

Author(s):

Shao Yi Hsia ◽

Ching Hsiung Wang ◽

Yu Tuan Chou

Keyword(s):

Exposure Time ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Production Condition ◽

Dark Fermentation ◽

Biohydrogen Production ◽

Ultrasonic Frequency ◽

Development And Utilization ◽

Stimulation Of

The development and utilization of energy has played a key role in the human civilization process, and fossil fuels have become the major energy supply after Industrial Revolution. However, with the massive utilization of fossil fuels, petroleum and natural gas will be exhausted, and people will face the risk of energy shortages. For this reason, the development of clean, efficient, and renewable energy should be a priority. Hydrogen is considered a safe and secure energy source for human health and the global environment, as it does not emit any pollutants while burning. Hence, this study combines biohydrogen production of dark fermentation with ultrasonic to explore the effects of ultrasonic frequency, amplitude and exposure time on biohydrogen production of dark fermentation. The experimental results show that the largest biohydrogen production appears when the ultrasonic frequency being 1MHz and the ultrasonic exposure time is 15 min for exposure and 15 min for termination. It is therefore possible to find the optimal hydrogen production condition and to further understand the effect of ultrasonic on microorganisms.

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