scholarly journals Does the Motor Level of the Paretic Extremities Affect Balance in Poststroke Subjects?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Narayan Arya ◽  
Shanta Pandian ◽  
C. R. Abhilasha ◽  
Ashutosh Verma
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities

Background. Poststroke impairment may lead to fall and unsafe functional performance. The underlying mechanism for the balance dysfunction is unclear.Objective. To analyze the relation between the motor level of the affected limbs and balance in poststroke subjects.Method. A prospective, cross-sectional, and nonexperimental design was conducted in a rehabilitation institute. A convenience sample of 44 patients was assessed for motor level using Brunnstrom recovery stage (BRS) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment: upper (FMA-UE) and lower extremities (FMA-LE). The balance was measured by Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients (PASS), and Functional Reach Test (FRT).Results. BRS showed moderate correlation with BBS (ρ=0.54to 0.60;P<0.001), PASS (r=0.48to 0.64;P<0.001) and FRT (ρ=0.48to 0.59;P<0.001). FMA-UE also exhibited moderate correlation with BBS (ρ=0.59;P<0.001) and PASS (ρ=0.60;P<0.001). FMA-LE showed fair correlation with BBS (ρ=0.50;P=0.001) and PASS (ρ=0.50;P=0.001).Conclusion. Motor control of the affected limbs plays an important role in balance. There is a moderate relation between the motor level of the upper and lower extremities and balance. The findings of the present study may be applied in poststroke rehabilitation.

scholarly journals Does Motor Training of the Nonparetic Side Influences Balance and Function in Chronic Stroke? A Pilot RCT

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Pandian ◽  
Kamal Narayan Arya ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
And Function ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. Balance and functional abilities are controlled by both sides of the body. The role of nonparetic side has never been explored for such skills.Objective. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of a motor therapy program primarily involving the nonparetic side on balance and function in chronic stroke.Method. A randomized controlled, double blinded trial was conducted on 39 poststroke hemiparetic subjects (21, men; mean age, 42 years; mean poststroke duration, 13 months). They were randomly divided into the experimental group(n=20)and control group(n=19). The participants received either motor therapy focusing on the nonparetic side along with the conventional program or conventional program alone for 8 weeks (3 session/week, 60 minutes each). The balance ability was assessed using Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Functional Reach Test (FRT) while the functional performance was measured by Barthel Index (BI).Result. After intervention, the experimental group exhibited significant(P<0.05)change on BBS (5.65 versus 2.52) and BI (12.75 versus 2.16) scores in comparison to the control group.Conclusion. The motor therapy program incorporating the nonparetic side along with the affected side was found to be effective in enhancing balance and function in stroke.

Effects of proprioception training program on balance among patients with diabetic neuropathy: a quasi experimental trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Humaira Iram ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Junaid Hassan ◽  
Salma Bunyad ◽  
Samra Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Walk Test ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Eyes Open

Abstract Objective: To determine the effects of proprioception training in improving balance in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Methods: A quasi-experimental design study was conducted at the Safi Hospital Faisalabad for eight weeks from August to December 2019. Out of, 38, 19 patients were placed in exercise group (10 males, 9 females; mean age 64 ± 7.7 years; range 60 to 83 years) and 19 patients were placed in controls group (12 males, 7 females; mean age 63 ± 8.2 years) were included in this study through consecutive sampling technique. Proprioception Training was given to exercise group twice a week for eight weeks and the diabetes awareness campaign was given once a week to the control group. Static and dynamic balance were assessed by using One Leg Standing (OLS) Test with eyes open and closed, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) and 10-M Walk Test (10-MWT). The data was collected before and after treatment and was compared using independent sample t-test. Results: The finding of the study showed that OLS score with eyes open improved significantly with p<0.05 and does not show improvement with eyes closed p =.073. The dynamic balance from the Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, Timed Up and Go Test and 10-M Walk Test revealed significant improvement after the balance exercises with p<0.05 Conclusion: It is concluded that proprioception training exercises are effective in improving balance among patients with Diabetic neuropathy. Continuous...

scholarly journals Balance a few years after total hip replacement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wareńczak ◽  
Przemysław Lisiński
Keyword(s):  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test

Abstract Background: The aim of the study was to conduct a long-term evaluation of whether total hip replacement permanently affects the quality of postural reactions and body balance. Material and methods: The unilateral Total Hip Replacement (THR) group consisted of 30 subjects (mean age: 69.4). The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects (mean age: 68.8). The force platform and functional tests such as Timed Up and Go, 3m walk test, Functional Reach Test, 30s Chair Stand Test, Step Test and Berg Balance Scale were used to assess dynamic balance. Results: Subjects from the study group exhibited significantly increased time (p=0.002) and distance (p=0.012) in the tests performed on the force platform compared to the control group. We also observed worse balance and functional test scores in the THR group: Timed Up and Go test (p<0.001), 3m walk test (p<0.001), Functional Reach Test (p=0.003), 30s Chair Stand Test (p=0.002) and Step Test (operated leg: p<0.001, non-operated leg: p=0.002). The results obtained in the Berg Balance Scale tests were not significantly different between the groups (p=0.597). Conclusions: Our research shows that total hip replacement permanently impairs patients’ dynamic balance and functionality in certain lower-extremity activities. Keywords: balance, total hip replacement, gait, muscle strength

scholarly journals Efficacy of an Integrated Training Device in Improving Muscle Strength, Balance, and Cognitive Ability in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-324
Author(s):  
Choong-Hee Roh ◽  
Da-Sol Kim ◽  
Gi-Wook Kim ◽  
Yu-Hui Won ◽  
Sung-Hee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Training Device ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Healthy Participants

Objective To determine the effects of an integrated training device for strength and balance on extremity muscle strength, postural balance, and cognition in older adults using a combination with various rehabilitation training games, in which balance, strength, and cognitive training were configured in a single device.Methods This prospective study included 20 healthy participants aged 65–85 years. Participants trained for 30 minutes daily, 3 days weekly, for 6 weeks with an integrated training device for strength and balance (SBT-120; Man&Tel Inc., Gumi, Korea). Main outcomes were measured using the Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (K-MoCA), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Manual Muscle Test. Measurements were taken at three time points: T0 (pretreatment), T1 (immediately after treatment), and T2 (4 weeks after treatment).Results All 20 patients completed the training, and TUG, FRT, and BBS scores significantly improved at T1 and T2 compared to T0. Mean TUG scores decreased by 0.99±2.00 at T1 and 1.05±1.55 at T2 compared to T0. Mean FRT scores increased by 6.13±4.26 at T1 and 6.75±4.79 at T2 compared to T0. BBS scores increased by 0.60±0.94 at T1 and 0.45±1.15 at T2 compared to T0. Moreover, muscle strength and cognition (K-MMSE and K-MoCA scores) increased after training.Conclusion Our findings suggest that an integrated training device for strength and balance can be a safe and useful tool for older adults.

scholarly journals Age suit simulation replicates in healthy young adults the functional challenges to balance experienced by older adults: an observational study

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjstel-2021-000867
Author(s):  
Carole Anne Watkins ◽  
Ellie Higham ◽  
Michael Gilfoyle ◽  
Charley Townley ◽  
Sue Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Falls Risk ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Age Simulation ◽  
Positive Effect

BackgroundAge simulation can have a positive effect on empathic understanding and perception of ageing. However, there is limited evidence for its ability to replicate objectively the physical and functional challenges of ageing.ObjectiveTo observe whether age suit simulation can replicate in healthy young adults the physical and physiological balance disturbance and falls risk experienced by older adults.MethodologyHealthy young adults aged 20–40 years (16 male) were recruited to the study using convenience sampling from a student population. Participants performed three validated balance tests—Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS)—first without the age suit and then with the age suit, using a standardised protocol, following the same sequence.Results30 participants completed all tests. Statistically significant differences between without-age-suit and with-age-suit performance were recorded for FRT distance (p<0.000005), time taken to complete the TUG (p<0.0005) and BBS score (p<0.001). A comparison of participant scores with normative FRT and TUG scores identified that the suit had ‘aged’ the majority of participants to the normative values for older adults (60+), with some reaching the values for individuals aged 70–89. However, no scores achieved the values indicative of increased falls risk.ConclusionsThe age suit is a valid educational tool that extends the value of age simulation beyond a more general empathising role, enabling those working with an older population to experience and understand the functional challenges to balance experienced by older adults as part of their training.

scholarly journals Does the Inclusion of Virtual Reality Games within Conventional Rehabilitation Enhance Balance Retraining after a Recent Episode of Stroke?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Rajaratnam ◽  
J. Gui KaiEn ◽  
K. Lee JiaLin ◽  
Kwek SweeSin ◽  
S. Sim FenRu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Double Blinded

This randomised controlled and double-blinded pilot study evaluated if interactive virtual reality balance related games integrated within conventional rehabilitation sessions resulted in more superior retraining of dynamic balance compared to CR after stroke. 19 subjects diagnosed with a recent episode of stroke were recruited from a local rehabilitation hospital and randomly assigned to either a control or an experimental group. Subjects in the control groups underwent 60 minutes of conventional rehabilitation while those in the experimental groups underwent 40 minutes of convention rehabilitation and 20 minutes of self-directed virtual reality balanced rehabilitation. Functional Reach Test, Timed Up and Go, Modified Barthel Index, Berg Balance Scale, and Centre of Pressure of subjects in both groups were evaluated before and on completion of the rehabilitation sessions. Results indicate that the inclusion of interactive virtual reality balance related games within conventional rehabilitation can lead to improved functional mobility and balance after a recent episode of stroke without increasing treatment time that requires more health professional manpower.

scholarly journals Reliability in the Parameterization of the Functional Reach Test in Elderly Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Antonio Merchán-Baeza ◽  
Manuel González-Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Reliability Sensitivity ◽  
Functional Reach Test

Background. Postural instability is one of the major complications found in stroke survivors. Parameterising the functional reach test (FRT) could be useful in clinical practice and basic research.Objectives. To analyse the reliability, sensitivity, and specificity in the FRT parameterisation using inertial sensors for recording kinematic variables in patients who have suffered a stroke.Design. Cross-sectional study. While performing FRT, two inertial sensors were placed on the patient’s back (lumbar and trunk).Participants. Five subjects over 65 who suffer from a stroke.Measurements. FRT measures, lumbosacral/thoracic maximum angular displacement, maximum time of lumbosacral/thoracic angular displacement, time return initial position, and total time. Speed and acceleration of the movements were calculated indirectly.Results. FRT measure is  12.75±2.06 cm. Intrasubject reliability values range from 0.829 (time to return initial position (lumbar sensor)) to 0.891 (lumbosacral maximum angular displacement). Intersubject reliability values range from 0.821 (time to return initial position (lumbar sensor)) to 0.883 (lumbosacral maximum angular displacement). FRT’s reliability was 0.987 (0.983–0.992) and 0.983 (0.979–0.989) intersubject and intrasubject, respectively.Conclusion. The main conclusion could be that the inertial sensors are a tool with excellent reliability and validity in the parameterization of the FRT in people who have had a stroke.

Lateral Preference of Preschool and Primary School Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Gudmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Sensory Organs ◽  
Lateral Preference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper And Lower Extremities ◽  
Age Range

Cross-sectional development and consistency of four lateral preference behaviors (hand, foot, ear, eye) in 79 preschool and 131 primary school children were studied. Although predominant right-sidedness is manifested in the limbs and sensory organs, only handedness showed a significant increase over the age range studied (3 yr. to 9 yr., 11 mo.). Approximately 85% of children in preschool and 87% in primary school showed lateral consistency in the upper and lower extremities. The concordance between other sidedness behaviors reflected only chance associations in both samples. The results indicate that lateral preference behaviors in children are not unidimensional.

A comparison of the Effect of Quadriceps Taping versus Patellar Taping on Balance and Functional Performance in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Moslemi Haghighi ◽  
Samani Mahbobeh ◽  
Maryam Ebrahimian ◽  
Mahsa Zare ◽  
Mohammad Reza Bostanian
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Knee Oa ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Patellar Taping

Abstract Backgrounds Osteoarthritis (OA) is primarily a disease of cartilage destruction. Knee OA is the most common type of arthritis which can be treated with kinesio taping (KT). Purpose The current study was aimed to compare the effect of quadriceps muscle taping vs. patellar taping on balance and functional performance in patients with knee OA. Patients and Methods 40 patients with knee OA aged from 40 to 65 years entered this interventional study. Eligible participants were randomly divided into 2 groups, the Quadriceps taping group, and patellar taping group. The balance was measured using the modified star excursion balance test (SEBT), functional reach test (FRT), and Berg balance scale test (BBST). Also, functional activity was evaluated using the step test. All variables measured before, immediately after and 24 hr after the intervention in both groups. Results Within-group comparison in both groups showed that KT therapy improved modified SEBT, FRT and step test scores immediately after and 24 h after the intervention compared to baseline, and the difference was more significant 24 h after the intervention compared to immediately after the intervention. However, BBS score was not different in assessed times compared to baseline in both groups. The results of between-group analyses of variables showed no significant differences between the two groups in assessed times. Besides, repeated measure ANOVA showed that time significantly influenced modified SEBT, FRT, and step test. However, there was no group effect on assessed variables. Conclusion Both quadriceps and patellar taping positively influenced balance and functional level of the patients with knee OA. Also, there is no superiority between these 2 methods.

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