scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compounds from the ClonePopulus x canadensis“Conti” Associated withMegaplatypus mutatusAttack

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lucia ◽  
Paola González-Audino ◽  
Héctor Masuh
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Megaplatypus Mutatus ◽  
Long Chain

Megaplatypus mutatus(Chapuis) (Coleoptera, Platypodidae) is an ambrosia beetle native to South America. It builds internal galleries that weaken the tree trunks, causing them severe stem breakage and mortality in commercial poplar plantations. The host selection by maleM. mutatushas previously been correlated with the increasing diameter. This work explores the possibility that differential susceptibility of individual plants toM. mutatuscould be associated with volatiles emitted. The comparison of the VOCs profiles of attacked and nonattackedP.x canadensis“Conti” 12 duringM. mutatusflying season showed both qualitative and quantitative differences. The attacked plants, but not the nonattacked ones, showed the following compounds: a long chain aldehyde,α-ylangene,δ-cadinene,α-gurjunene, andβ-cubebene; on the other side,β-sesquiphellandrene andβ-chamigrene were detected only in nonattacked plants.α-Copaene is a common component of all the samples analyzed, but its proportion is increased in attacked individuals. Behavioral bioassays showed that males but not femalesM. mutatusare attracted toα-copaene. The relative increase ofα-copaene in attacked individuals and the positive behavioral answer of males to it suggest that this compound could play a role in the orientation of the pioneer male towards the most suitable host.

scholarly journals A System and Methodology for Measuring Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Hydroponic Lettuce in a Controlled Environment

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Charron ◽  
Daniel J. Cantliffe ◽  
Raymond M. Wheeler ◽  
Ara Manukian ◽  
Robert R. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Dark Period ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Lipoxygenase Pathway ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Volatile Collection ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Leaf Lettuce

A system and methodology were developed for the nondestructive qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile emissions from hydroponically grown `Waldmann's Green' leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), photoperiod, and temperature were automatically controlled and monitored in a growth chamber modified for the collection of plant volatiles. The lipoxygenase pathway products (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate were emitted by lettuce plants after the transition from the light period to the dark period. The volatile collection system developed in this study enabled measurements of volatiles emitted by intact plants, from planting to harvest, under controlled environmental conditions.

The Role of Host Selection in the Ecology of Phytophagous Insects

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thorsteinson
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Phytophagous Insects ◽  
Phytophagous Insect ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Suitable Host

It is a commonplace entomological observation that each phytophagous insect is restricted in its feeding to a small fraction only of the plant species that grow in any area. This phenomenon is generally referred to as “host selection”. The ecological significance of host plant selection among insects is manifest principally in an effect on the geographical distribution of insect species since phytophagous insects can occur only where suitable host plants are available.

Effect of release rate and enantiomeric composition on response to pheromones of Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis) in poplar plantations of Argentina and Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernán Funes ◽  
Eduardo Zerba ◽  
Paola Gonzalez-Audino
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Enantiomer Composition ◽  
Megaplatypus Mutatus

AbstractMegaplatypus mutatus (=Platypus sulcatus Chapuis) is an Ambrosia beetle native to South America, which was recently introduced in Italy and its presence there is causing severe damage to the local poplar plantations. The male M. mutatus pheromone is composed of (S)-(+)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol [(+)-sulcatol], 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone) and 3-pentanol. A series of field trials testing dose, blend and enantiomer composition performed in Argentina and Italy evaluated attraction and found that the optimal release rate of pheromone components as baits in cross vane baited traps (CIPEIN-CV) was 6, 6 and 30 mg day−1 of sulcatone, (+)-sulcatol and 3-pentanol, respectively. It was also determined that racemic sulcatol is as effective as the pure (+)-isomer for the purpose of beetle catch, due to the inert nature of the (−)-isomer allowing the usage of low cost racemic sulcatol instead of highly expensive (+)-sulcatol. The results of our work contribute to the development of pheromone-based local technologies with low environmental impact and low cost for control or monitoring of an important pest.

Energetics of cellulose and cyclodextrin glycosidic bond cleavage

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Zhu ◽  
Christoph Krumm ◽  
Gregory G. Facas ◽  
Matthew Neurock ◽  
Paul J. Dauenhauer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Renewable Chemicals ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Glycosidic Bond Cleavage ◽  
Long Chain

Thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials for production of biofuels and renewable chemicals utilizes high temperature to thermally decompose long-chain cellulose to volatile organic compounds.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compounds of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) Leaves Fractions and their Potency as Traditional Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsa Dilla Dertyasasa ◽  
Woro Anindito Sri Tunjung
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Fatty Alcohols ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have reported that a number of organic compounds are present in kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.) leaf extracts. Further research is needed to purify these compounds and determine which are biologically active. The objective of this study is to identify the volatile organic compounds of kaffir lime leaf crude extracts and fractions and to study their bioactivity. Fractionation was performed by the double maceration method, using hexane as the second solvent. TLC was performed to analyze the qualitative separation, whereas the individual constituents were detected using GC-MS. Our results showed that chloroform and ethyl acetate crude extracts contained various volatile organic compounds such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, prenol lipids, sterol lipids, terpenoids and long chain alkanes. Fractionation separated these compounds into non-hexane fractions, which contained less volatile compounds, and hexane fractions. The volatile compounds of non-hexane fractions were identified to be long chain alkanes, meanwhile the hexane fractions contained terpenoids, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, prenol lipids and sterol lipids. Palmitic acid and terpenoids, such as citronellyl propionate, nerolidol, citronella and caryophyllene oxide were found to be the most dominant bioactive compounds in chloroform and ethyl acetate crude extract and their hexane fractions, which were reported to possess cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Meanwhile in non-hexane fractions, long chain alkanes such as triacontane and hentriacontane were found to be the most dominant bioactive compound which also possessed cytotoxic effect. In conclusion, fractionation using the double maceration method yielded different volatile organic compounds composition with different biological activities. The crude extracts and fractions of kaffir lime leaves were potential to be developed as a traditional medicine for cancer treatment.

Mediation of herbivore-natural enemy interactions by Neotyphodium endophytes: the role of insect behavioural response

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 313-319
Author(s):  
D.S. Richmond
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Host Selection ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Suitable Host

This study examined how differences in the behavioural response of two sod webworm species to Neotyphodium endophytes mediated their susceptibility to an entomopathogenic nematode. In choice and non-choice assays, Parapediasia teterrella (Zincken) clearly preferred endophyte-free tall fescue over endophyte infected tall fescue whereas Fissicrambus mutabilis (Clemens) displayed no clear preference for either. P. teterrella spent more time searching for suitable host material than F. mutabilis and committed to the first host encountered only 37% of the time whereas F. mutabilis did so 90% of the time. Increased foraging times associated with P. teterrella host selection translated into greater rates of infection by the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Wieser). Results demonstrate the potential importance of insect behavioural response to fungal endophytes in determining herbivore vulnerability to natural enemies and support the more general idea that the form of insect response to plant defenses may, in part, predict the outcome of insect-natural enemy interactions. Keywords: tall fescue, sod webworm, entomopathogenic nematode, trophic interactions

Chain Length Determination of Fatty Acids by Raman Spectroscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (23) ◽  
pp. 3901-3904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. Warren ◽  
Donald L. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Odd Order ◽  
Length Determination ◽  
Long Chain

For saturated long chain fatty acids, as for hydrocarbons, the odd order "accordion mode" vibrations are Raman active. These "accordion mode" vibrations have been used to provide qualitative and quantitative analysis of mixtures of acids in the range C12–C24.

scholarly journals Different Isolation Methods for Determination of Composition of Volatiles from Nigella damascena L. Seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wajs ◽  
Radoslaw Bonikowski ◽  
Danuta Kalemba
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Methyl Anthranilate ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Lower Fatty Acid ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
Nigella Damascena

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from seeds of Nigella damascena L. were isolated using different techniques. The yield, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of the oils, was strongly influenced by the isolation method. In the hydrodistilled essential oil, the major components were the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons β-elemene (59.1%), β-selinene (12.8%) and α-selinene (12.6%). Conventional solvent extraction, followed by hydrodistillation, resulted in a volatile oil with a different composition than that of the hydrodistilled oil. The extracted oils predominantly contained sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, but also methyl anthranilate derivatives. By means of HS-SPME, it was possible to analyze not only sesquiterpenes and anthranilates, but also monoterpenes and the most volatile compounds, for example, the lower fatty acid (butyric, capronic) esters, which determine the characteristic sweet scent of N. damascena seeds. Using all testing methods, 55 compounds were identified, 40 of which are new for N. damascena seed VOCs.

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