Obesity Related Alterations in Plasma Cytokines and Metabolic Hormones in Chimpanzees

Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and serves as a major risk factor for hypertension, coronary artery disease, dyslipidemias, and type-2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in metabolic hormones, inflammatory cytokines, and immune function, in lean, overweight, and obese chimpanzees in a controlled environment. We observed increased plasma circulating levels of proinflammatory TH-1 cytokines, Interferon gamma, interleukin-6, interleukin-12p40, tumor necrosis factor, soluble CD40 ligand, and Interleukin-1βand anti-inflammatory TH-2 cytokines, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-RA, Interleukin-10, and Interleukin-13 in overweight and obese chimpanzees. We also observed increased levels of metabolic hormones glucagon-like-peptide-1, glucagon, connecting peptide, insulin, pancreatic peptide YY3–36, and leptin in the plasma of overweight and obese chimpanzees. Chemokine, eotaxin, fractalkine, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were higher in lean compared to obese chimpanzees, while chemokine ligand 8 increased in plasma of obese chimpanzees. We also observed an obesity-related effect on immune function as demonstrated by lower mitogen induced proliferation, and natural killer activity and higher production of IFN-γby PBMC in Elispot assay, These findings suggest that lean, overweight, and obese chimpanzees share circulating inflammatory cytokines and metabolic hormone levels with humans and that chimpanzees can serve as a useful animal model for human studies.

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Tear Levels of Inflammatory Cytokines in Keratoconus: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control and Cross-Sectional Studies

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6628923 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Huan Zhang ◽

Xiupeng Cao ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Peihong Wang ◽

Xuan Li

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Systemic Review ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference

Purpose. To assess the tear levels of inflammatory cytokines in patients with keratoconus (KC). Design. Systemic review and meta-analysis. Methods. The following electronic databases and search engine were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. A systematic search of all relevant studies published through January 2021 was conducted, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of cytokine levels were calculated to estimate the pooled effects. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and metaregression were applied to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Results. A total of 7 studies with 374 participants (374 eyes) from clinical studies were included. The tear levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were significantly increased in KC compared with normal controls. The SMD of IL-1β was 1.93 (95% CI 0.22 to 3.65, P = 0.03 ). The SMD of IL-6 was 1.22 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.84, P < 0.001 ). The SMD of TNF-α was 1.75 (95% CI 0.66 to 2.83, P = 0.002 ). There was no significant difference between the two groups on interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). The SMD for IL-4 was 2.36 (95% CI -0.28 to 5.00, P = 0.08 ) and for IL-10 was 0.30 (95% CI -1.29 to 1.89, P = 0.71 ). Meta-regression analysis indicated that the heterogeneity maybe significantly correlated with the method of detection, the different ages, and the source of population. Conclusions. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased, indicating that cytokine profile changed in KC tears and inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis and development of KC.

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Immunomodulatory Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula Sheng-Fei-Yu-Chuan-Tang in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/976342 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chia-Hung Lin ◽

Ching-Hua Yeh ◽

Li-Jen Lin ◽

Shulhn-Der Wang ◽

Jen-Shu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

No Production ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Traditional Chinese medicine formula Sheng-Fei-Yu-Chuan-Tang (SFYCT), consisting of 13 medicinal plants, was used to treat patients with lung diseases. This study investigated the immunoregulatory effect of SFYCT on intratracheal lipopolysaccharides- (LPS-) challenged acute lung injury (ALI) mice. SFYCT attenuated pulmonary edema, macrophages, and neutrophils infiltration in the airways. SFYCT decreased inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNFα), interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 and inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production but increased anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-4, and interleukin-10, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of LPS-challenged mice. TNFαand monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA expression in the lung of LPS-challenged mice as well as LPS-stimulated lung epithelial cell and macrophage were decreased by SFYCT treatment. SFYCT treatment also decreased the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the lung of mice and macrophage with LPS stimulation. SFYCT treatment dose dependently decreased the LPS-induced NO and reactive oxygen species generation in LPS-stimulated macrophage. In conclusion, SFYCT attenuated lung inflammation during LPS-induced ALI through decreasing inflammatory cytokines production while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines production. The immunoregulatory effect of SFYCT is related to inhibiting NF-κB phosphorylation.

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Regulation of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-10 during Pregnancy

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2014.00253 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

Piyali Chatterjee ◽

Valorie L. Chiasson ◽

Kelsey R. Bounds ◽

Brett M. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Predisposition to Hyperthyroidism May Be Influenced by Functional TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 Polymorphisms: A Meta-Analysis

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1159/000508284 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 181 (12) ◽

pp. 956-965

Author(s):

Hong Ma ◽

Ting Tan ◽

Jie Wu ◽

Juan Chen ◽

Xiaohong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Asian Origin ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Caucasian Origin ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Factor Α ◽

Necrosis Factor

Background: Predisposition to hyperthyroidism may be influenced by functional gene polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10). However, the results of the studies published so far remain discrepant, so we conducted a meta-analysis to more robustly investigate relationships between TNF-α/IL-1/IL-4/IL-6/IL-10 polymorphisms and predisposition to hyperthyroidism. Methods: A comprehensive literature retrieval from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, WanFang, VIP, and CNKI was endorsed by the authors, and 38 studies were found to be eligible for pooled meta-analyses. Results: We found that genotypic frequencies of TNF-α −308 G/A, IL-1A −889 C/T, IL-6 −174 G/C, IL-6 −572 G/C, IL-10 −819 C/T, and IL-10 −1082 A/G polymorphisms among cases were significantly different from those among controls. Moreover, we also found that genotypic frequencies of TNF-α −308 G/A and IL-6 −174 G/C polymorphisms among cases of Caucasian origin were significantly different from those among Caucasian controls, and genotypic frequencies of IL-1A −889 C/T, IL-1B −511 C/T, IL-6 −174 G/C, IL-6 −572 G/C, and IL-10 −1,082 A/G polymorphisms among cases of Asian origin were also significantly different from those among Asian controls. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggests that TNF-α −308 G/A, IL-1A −889 C/T, IL-1B −511 C/T, IL-6 −174 G/C, IL-6 −572 G/C, IL-10 −819 C/T, and IL-10 −1,082 A/G polymorphisms may influence predisposition to hyperthyroidism in certain ethnic groups.

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Inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120965752 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212096575 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Nurul Amin ◽

Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui ◽

Md Ibrahim ◽

Md Lukman Hakim ◽

Md. Salim Ahammed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽

Causative Factor ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Human Immune System ◽

Cancer Pathogenesis

Inflammatory cytokines are highly inducible small glycoproteins or regulatory proteins of low molecular weight secreted by different cell types. They regulate intercellular communication and mediate a number of physiological functions in the human immune system. Numerous prospective studies report that inflammatory cytokines strongly predict coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure and other adverse cardiac events. Inflammatory cascade is believed to be a causative factor in the development of atherosclerotic process. Several aspects of atherogenesis are accelerated by cytokines. This article provides an overall overview of current understanding of cytokines in various cardiovascular events. Besides, inflammatory cytokines trigger cellular events that can induce malignancy and carcinogenesis. Elevated expression of several cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, macrophage migration inhibitory factor and transforming growth factor-β are involved in tumor initiation and progression. Thus, they exert a pivotal role in cancer pathogenesis. This review highlights the role of several cytokines in various events of tumorigenesis. Actually, this article summarizes the contributions of cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and cancer.

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Immune Function, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Markers in Centenarians as Potential Predictors of Survival and Indicators of Recovery After Hospital Admission

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glz250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (10) ◽

pp. 1827-1833

Author(s):

Irene Martínez De Toda ◽

Carmen Vida ◽

Marta García-Salmones ◽

Patricia Alonso-Fernández ◽

Mónica De La Fuente

Keyword(s):

Immune Function ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Natural Killer Activity ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Killer Activity ◽

Inflammatory Parameters

Abstract Several parameters of immune function, oxidative, and inflammatory stresses have been proposed as markers of health and predictors of longevity and mortality. However, it is unknown if any of these parameters can be used as predictors of survival in centenarians. Therefore, in a group of 27 centenarians, at the time of admission to the Clinical Hospital of Madrid, a series of immune function, antioxidant, oxidant, and inflammatory parameters were studied. Some centenarians survived and others did not, thus establishing two groups, “survivors” (n = 9) and “nonsurvivors” (n = 18). The results show that surviving centenarians display higher neutrophil chemotaxis and microbicidal capacity, natural killer activity, lymphoproliferation, glutathione reductase activity, and basal interleukin-10 release. Moreover, lower neutrophil and lymphocyte adherence, superoxide anion and malondialdehyde concentrations, and basal release of tumor necrosis factor α are also reported. The odds ratios for survival for these parameters were also calculated, with the highest odds ratios being the lymphoproliferative capacity and the ex vivo basal and stimulated release of interleukin-6 from mononuclear cells (odds ratio = 136.00). Therefore, these parameters have the potential to be used in the clinical setting as predictors of survival in centenarians. In the survivors group, the same parameters were also analyzed after 3 months. Because survivors showed an increase in neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotaxis capacity during the recovery period, reaching similar values to those observed in healthy centenarians, these parameters could be proposed as indicators of recovery.

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Gene therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: Lessons from animal models, including studies on interleukin-4, interleukin-10, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as potential disease modulators

Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America ◽

10.1016/s0889-857x(03)00073-5 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 127-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Fons A.J van de Loo ◽

Wim B van den Berg

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Gene Therapy ◽

Animal Models ◽

Receptor Antagonist ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist

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Cytokine profile of cervical mucus at different forms of papillomavirus infection

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj2207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 642-645

Author(s):

O V Skidanenko-Levina

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Epithelial Dysplasia ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Papillomavirus Infection ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cervical Secretion

Aim. To study the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in cervical secretion in females with cervical epithelial dysplasia and latent papillomavirus infection. Methods. The study included 120 females aged 20 to 40 years with cervical papillomavirus infection, who were assigned to two groups using «case-control» method. The first group included 60 females with latent disease, the second group - 60 females with mild and moderate cervical epithelial dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stages I and II). Cytokine levels in cervical secretion were measured by ELISA using «ProCon» test system. Results. ELISA test showed increased levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 (43 [21; 74] and 48 [12; 88] pg/ml, respectively) and decreased levels of interleukin-2 (18.5 [5.5; 27.5] pg/ml), interleukin-6 (0.6 [0.06; 0.9] pg/ml), tumor necrosis factor alpha (88.5 [0; 123] pg/ml), interferon γ (2 [0; 4] pg/ml) in cervical secretion of females with cervical epithelial dysplasia compared to females with latent papillomavirus infection. Thus, females with cervical epithelial dysplasia showed increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-4 - by 2.7 times and interleukin-10 - by 2.4 times compared to females with latent disease, while levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines was decreased as following: interleukin-2 - by 1.4 times, interleukin-6 - by 4.5 times, tumor necrosis factor alpha - by 1.8 times, interferon γ - by 6.3 times (p 0.05). Conclusion. Imbalance of immune response cytokine regulation with anti-inflammatory cytokines prevailing might be an important factor facilitating persistence of papillomavirus in cervical epithelium and contributing to cervical epithelial dysplasia onset and progression.

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An update on inflammatory markers in metabolic syndrome

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 852

Author(s):

Akshay Prashanth Giri ◽

Lokesh Shanmugam

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Low Grade ◽

Major Health ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Global Threat

Metabolic syndrome is an emerging global threat as a major health burden. It is widely presumed that Metabolic syndrome is associated with a low grade chronic inflammatory phenomenon. This inflammatory state is due to the imbalance between the pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Studies have been performed on various inflammatory markers in metabolic syndrome like hsCRP, TNF-alpha, Adiponectin, IL-6, IL-10. Articles were chosen from indexed journals from various search engines. Pro inflammatory cytokines like hsCRP, TNF – alpha, Interleukin -6 were found to be increased and anti-inflammatory cytokines like Interleukin – 10 were reduced in metabolic syndrome.

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