scholarly journals A Molecular View of Autophagy in Lepidoptera

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Romanelli ◽  
Barbara Casati ◽  
Eleonora Franzetti ◽  
Gianluca Tettamanti
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
New Era ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Insect Order ◽  
Lepidopteran Species ◽  
Adult Insect ◽  
Critical Phase

Metamorphosis represents a critical phase in the development of holometabolous insects, during which the larval body is completely reorganized: in fact, most of the larval organs undergo remodeling or completely degenerate before the final structure of the adult insect is rebuilt. In the past, increasing evidence emerged concerning the intervention of autophagy and apoptosis in the cell death processes that occur in larval organs of Lepidoptera during metamorphosis, but a molecular characterization of these pathways was undertaken only in recent years. In addition to developmentally programmed autophagy, there is growing interest in starvation-induced autophagy. Therefore we are now entering a new era of research on autophagy that foreshadows clarification of the role and regulatory mechanisms underlying this self-digesting process in Lepidoptera. Given that some of the most important lepidopteran species of high economic importance, such as the silkworm,Bombyx mori, belong to this insect order, we expect that this information on autophagy will be fully exploited not only in basic research but also for practical applications.

scholarly journals Personalized Medicine in Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Md Mizanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Biomedical Science ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Molecular Alteration ◽  
New Era ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Current and emerging biomedical science efforts are driven by determining how to improve clini-cal outcomes for patients. High-throughput tech-nology has revolutionized the area of transla-tional research, confirming the high complexity and heterogeneity of common diseases, partic-ularly cancer. Therefore, moving from ‘classic’ single-gene-based molecular investigation to molecular network research might result in dis-covering clinical implications faster and more efficiently .Molecular characterization of tumour cells enables refinement of classifications for many cancers and can sometimes guide treatment. Malignant diseases are no longer classified only by tumour site and histology but are separated into various homogenous molecular subtypes, distinguished by a presumed key molecular alteration. Therapies for patients with cancer have changed gradually over the past decade, moving away from the administration of broadly acting cytotoxic drugs towards the use of more-specific therapies that are targeted to each tumour. To facilitate this shift, tests need to be developed to identify those individuals who require therapy and those who are most likely to benefit from certain therapies. In particular, tests that predict the clinical outcome for patients on the basis of the genes expressed by their tumours are likely to increasingly affect patient management, heralding a new era of personalized medicine. In this review a brief discussion on definition and molecular aspects of personalized medicine and its practical application for the management of common solid cancers are highlighted.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 153-163

Can rodent models of diabetic kidney disease clarify the significance of early hyperfiltration?: recognizing clinical and experimental uncertainties

2007 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Z. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Single Nephron

In the past, hyperfiltration and increased glomerular capillary pressure have been identified as important determinants of the development of DN (diabetic nephropathy). Recently, some basic research and clinical reviews on DN have omitted identifying hyperfiltration as an important risk factor. At the same time, different rodent models of DN have been described without and with documented hyperfiltration. In the present review, the importance of hyperfiltration is reassessed, reviewing key clinical and research studies, including the first single nephron studies in a mouse model of DN. From clinical studies of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is clear that many patients do not have early hyperfiltration and, even when present, its contribution to subsequent DN remains uncertain. Key mechanisms underlying hyperfiltration in rodent models are reviewed. Findings on intrarenal NO metabolism and the control of single-nephron GFR (glomerular filtration rate) in rodent models of DN are also presented. Characterization of valid experimental models of DN should include a careful delineation of the absence or presence of early hyperfiltration, with special efforts made to establish the specific role hyperfiltration may play in the emergence of DN.

scholarly journals Special Issue on “Fruit Metabolism and Metabolomics”

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Annick Moing ◽  
Pierre Pétriacq ◽  
Sonia Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Fruit Tissue ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fruit Development And Ripening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Environmental Responses

Over the past 10 years, knowledge about several aspects of fruit metabolism has been greatly improved. Notably, high-throughput metabolomic technologies have allowed quantifying metabolite levels across various biological processes, and identifying the genes that underly fruit development and ripening. This Special Issue is designed to exemplify the current use of metabolomics studies of temperate and tropical fruit for basic research as well as practical applications. It includes articles about different aspects of fruit biochemical phenotyping, fruit metabolism before and after harvest, including primary and specialized metabolisms, and bioactive compounds involved in growth and environmental responses. The effect of genotype, stages of development or fruit tissue on metabolomic profiles and corresponding metabolism regulations are addressed, as well as the combination of other omics with metabolomics for fruit metabolism studies.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Characterization of intergranular cuprous oxide in polycrystalline YBa2Cu3O7-x

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Bradley L. Thiel ◽  
Chan Han R. P. ◽  
Kurosky L. C. Hutter ◽  
I. A. Aksay ◽  
Mehmet Sarikaya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Cuprous Oxide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Transition Width ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Superconducting Oxides

The identification of extraneous phases is important in understanding of high Tc superconducting oxides. The spectroscopic techniques commonly used in determining the origin of superconductivity (such as RAMAN, XPS, AES, and EXAFS) are surface-sensitive. Hence a grain boundary phase several nanometers thick could produce irrelevant spectroscopic results and cause erroneous conclusions. The intergranular phases present a major technological consideration for practical applications. In this communication we report the identification of a Cu2O grain boundary phase which forms during the sintering of YBa2Cu3O7-x (1:2:3 compound).Samples are prepared using a mixture of Y2O3. CuO, and BaO2 powders dispersed in ethanol for complete mixing. The pellets pressed at 20,000 psi are heated to 950°C at a rate of 5°C per min, held for 1 hr, and cooled at 1°C per min to room temperature. The samples show a Tc of 91K with a transition width of 2K. In order to prevent damage, a low temperature stage is used in milling to prepare thin foils which are then observed, using a liquid nitrogen holder, in a Philips 430T at 300 kV.

Processing and characterization of YBa2Cu3O7−x/Ag composites

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
Jafar Javadpour ◽  
Bradley L. Thiel ◽  
Sarikaya Mehmet ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Microstructural Development ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Nitrate Precursor ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
Tape Cast ◽  
Composite Samples

Practical applications of bulk YBa2Cu3O7−x materials have been limited because of their inadequate critical current density (jc) and poor mechanical properties. Several recent reports have indicated that the addition of Ag to the YBa2Cu3O7−x system is beneficial in improving both mechanical and superconducting properties. However, detailed studies concerning the effect of Ag on the microstructural development of the cermet system have been lacking. Here, we present some observations on the microstructural evolution in the YBa2Cu3O7−x/Ag composite system.The composite samples were prepared by mixing various amounts (2.5 - 50 wt%) AgNO3 in the YBa2Cu3O7−x nitrate precursor solution. These solutions were then spray dried and the resulting powders were either cold pressed or tape cast. The microstructures of the sintered samples were analyzed using SEM (Philips 515) and an analytical TEM (Philips 430T).The SEM micrographs of the compacts with 2.5 and 50 wt% Ag addition sintered at 915°C (below the melting point of Ag) for 1 h in air are displayed in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.

Hydraulic Laboratory at University of Liège

2018 ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
Willi H. Hager
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
The Novel ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Picture

The Hydraulic Laboratory of Liège University, Belgium, is historically considered from its foundation in 1937 to the mid-1960s. The technical facilities of the various Buildings are highlighted, along with canals and instrumentation available. It is noted that in its initial era, comparatively few basic research has been conducted, mainly due to the professional background of the professors leading the establishment. This state was improved in the past 50 years, however, particularly since the Laboratory was dislocated to its current position in the novel University Campus. Biographies of the leading persons associated with the Liège Hydraulic Laboratory are also presented, so that a comprehensive picture is given of one of the currently leading hydraulic Laboratories of Europe.

‘The Wretch of To-day, may be happy To-morrow’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
The Past

This chapter explores what we can know about the conceptualization and representation of by poorer Britons. It draws on ‘pauper letters’ to parish authorities, written tactically, and on autobiographies and letters composed by the relatively poor, noting echoes of the characterization of happiness by elite social commentators. It draws attention to a growing interest (linked to the development of the concept of nostalgia) in the emotional charge that could be derived from reflection on emotional experience as people contrasted past happiness with present misery, or vice versa. While reading such accounts may lead us to think that we are penetrating the interior lives of marginal people in the past, Lloyd suggests that our response is probably coloured by the fact that we are heirs to these ways of conceptualizing and representing experience. We need to work harder to glean insight from earlier ways of representing happiness and suffering.

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