scholarly journals Craniofacial Reconstruction Evaluation by Geodesic Network

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Zhao ◽  
Cuiting Liu ◽  
Zhongke Wu ◽  
Fuqing Duan ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Local Similarity ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Craniofacial Reconstruction ◽  
Face Model ◽  
Absolute Value

Craniofacial reconstruction is to estimate an individual’s face model from its skull. It has a widespread application in forensic medicine, archeology, medical cosmetic surgery, and so forth. However, little attention is paid to the evaluation of craniofacial reconstruction. This paper proposes an objective method to evaluate globally and locally the reconstructed craniofacial faces based on the geodesic network. Firstly, the geodesic networks of the reconstructed craniofacial face and the original face are built, respectively, by geodesics and isogeodesics, whose intersections are network vertices. Then, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient of the features of all corresponding geodesic network vertices between two models is taken as the holistic similarity, where the weighted average of the shape index values in a neighborhood is defined as the feature of each network vertex. Moreover, the geodesic network vertices of each model are divided into six subareas, that is, forehead, eyes, nose, mouth, cheeks, and chin, and the local similarity is measured for each subarea. Experiments using 100 pairs of reconstructed craniofacial faces and their corresponding original faces show that the evaluation by our method is roughly consistent with the subjective evaluation derived from thirty-five persons in five groups.

scholarly journals 3D Facial Similarity Measure Based on Geodesic Network and Curvatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junli Zhao ◽  
Cuiting Liu ◽  
Zhongke Wu ◽  
Fuqing Duan ◽  
Minqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Similarity Measures ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
3D Face ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Facial Similarity ◽  
Face Similarity

Automated 3D facial similarity measure is a challenging and valuable research topic in anthropology and computer graphics. It is widely used in various fields, such as criminal investigation, kinship confirmation, and face recognition. This paper proposes a 3D facial similarity measure method based on a combination of geodesic and curvature features. Firstly, a geodesic network is generated for each face with geodesics and iso-geodesics determined and these network points are adopted as the correspondence across face models. Then, four metrics associated with curvatures, that is, the mean curvature, Gaussian curvature, shape index, and curvedness, are computed for each network point by using a weighted average of its neighborhood points. Finally, correlation coefficients according to these metrics are computed, respectively, as the similarity measures between two 3D face models. Experiments of different persons’ 3D facial models and different 3D facial models of the same person are implemented and compared with a subjective face similarity study. The results show that the geodesic network plays an important role in 3D facial similarity measure. The similarity measure defined by shape index is consistent with human’s subjective evaluation basically, and it can measure the 3D face similarity more objectively than the other indices.

Efficiency of special cooling liquid on thermal state of athletes at high temperatures

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
S. M. Rasinkin ◽  
M. V. Dvornikov ◽  
I. A. Artamonova ◽  
V. V. Petrova ◽  
A. A. Kish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal State ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Cooling Liquid ◽  
Sport Teams ◽  
Heat State ◽  
Average Skin

The article presents results of evaluating efficiency of special cooling liquid influence on heat state of athletes at high temperatures. The study covered 7 male athletes of cyclic sports, with sport rank at least 1 adult, average age 19.29±1.80 years. All the athletes underwent double examination including: anamnesis and complaints records, doctor’s examination, subjective evaluation of heat sensations, weight measurements, thermometry (tympanic, sublingual, rectal and skin (in 5 points)), ergospirometric stress testing. Changes in the athletes’ heat state were evaluated via dynamics of weighted average skin temperature and rectal temperature. Moreover, subjective evaluation of heat sensations was considered. Efficiency of the cooling liquid was assessed via dynamics of exercises performance time, maximal oxygen consumption and anaerobic metabolism threshold. The cooling liquid use appeared to be expedientin sport teams of summer sports for specific exertion after individual tests for adverse allergic reactions.

scholarly journals ​Best Linear Unbiased Prediction with Additive Main and Multiplicative Interaction for Stability Analysis of Barley Genotypes Evaluated in Coordinated Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Verma ◽  
R.P.S. Verma ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
L. Kumar ◽  
G.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weighted Average ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Linear Unbiased Prediction ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Multiplicative Interaction ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Unbiased Prediction

Background: Additive main and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis had been exploited for multi environment trials for most of the crops. Usage of the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), along with AMMI tools, of the genotypes would improve the estimation of interaction effects. Methods: AMMI based measures of adaptability have been enriched with the incorporation of BLUP of genotypes by new Superiority index that allowed variable weights for stability and yield of genotypes. Result: Stability measure weighted average of absolute scores (WAASB) based on all significant interaction principal components ranked suitability of KB1754, RD3000, NDB1445 genotypes. Superiority index while weighting 0.65 and 0.35 for mean yield and stability arranged DWRB201, NDB1445, RD2552 as of stable high yield performance of barley genotypes. Corrected measure Modified AMMI Stability Value (MASV1) found RD2552, DWRB201, KB1762 and Modified AMMI Stability Value (MASV) ranked DWRB201, RD2552, KB1762. ASTAB measure achieved the desirable lower values for DWRB201 DWRB207, HUB268 genotypes. Biplot graphical analysis based on 60.7% of variation of the stability measures observed MASV1, ASTAB (AMMI based stability parameter), EV(Averages of the squared eigenvector values), SIPC (Sums of the absolute value of the IPC scores), Za (Absolute value of the relative contribution of IPCs to the interaction), W3, WAASB and MASV had been clubbed together. For the second year lower value of WAASB measure had observed for RD3016, KB1815 HUB273. Ranking of genotypes as per Superiority index found RD3017, RD2907, HUB274 as of stable high yield performance. Genotypes RD3017, RD2907 and NDB1173 pointed out by MASV1 while RD3017, RD2907, NDB1173 identified by MASV as the genotypes of choice. RD3017 NDB1173, RD2907 genotypes were selected as per values of ASTAB measure. Total of 71.8% of variation of the considered measures in biplot analysis expressed larger cluster comprised of AMMI based measures and a separate cluster of Superiority indexes as per mean, Geometric Adaptability Index (GAI) and HMGV also observed.

scholarly journals THE POTENTIAL AND WORKING VOCAL RANGE OF GIRLS AGED 6 TO 12

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 550-563
Author(s):  
Madara Ivane ◽  
Baiba Trinīte
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Range Data ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Voice Analysis ◽  
Range Profile ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Voice Range

Aim of this study is to determine the potential and working vocal range in the results of objective and subjective voice range evaluation in elementary school girls – solo singers. Theoretical part contains review of other authors’ studies related to child’s voice range from 6 to 12 years. Practical part of the study offered making of the phonetogram by using Voice Range Profile software (CSL 4500, Kay Pentax, USA) as an objective method for voice range evaluation. For subjective voice analysis, a voice range evaluation in form of vocal exercises was performed. It is understood that the objective voice evaluation reflects the potential of girls’ voice range, while the subjective evaluation – current working voice range. Fourteen girls attending solo singing classes were part of this study (medium age: 9.14 years; SD: 1.79 years; age range: 6-12 years). Three study groups were formed: 6-8 year old girls (n = 5); 9-10 year old girls (n=5); 11-12 year old girls (n=4). In 6-8 year old girls, VRP was from sol# (204.31 Hz, SD: 26, 05) to do3 (1047.72, SD: 409.70), but in subjective voice range evaluation, it was from la (220.28 Hz, SD: 18.88) to fa2 (775.90 Hz, SD: 70.64). In the group from 9-10 year old girls VRP range was from fa (171.25 Hz, SD: 16.03) to re#3 (1224.47 Hz, SD: 156.12), but current working voice range was from sol (208.79 Hz, SD: 24.90) to sol#2 (842.20 Hz, SD: 132.80). In 11-12 years old girls objective VRP results were fa# (186.54 Hz, SD: 27.76) to re#3 (1277.61 Hz, SD: 80.09), while from sol (208.23 Hz, SD: 12.16) to si2 (933.46 Hz, SD: 175.22) the work range was. In discussion part findings by other authors are compared to the objective and subjective voice range data acquired in this study. It is concluded that potential child’s voice range in girls 6-12 years of age exceeds two octaves yet working range reaches up to two octaves.  

scholarly journals Generating Artificial Reverberation via Genetic Algorithms for Real-Time Applications

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Edward Ly ◽  
Julián Villegas
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Audio Signals ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
Crossover And Mutation

We introduce a Virtual Studio Technology (VST) 2 audio effect plugin that performs convolution reverb using synthetic Room Impulse Responses (RIRs) generated via a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The parameters of the plugin include some of those defined under the ISO 3382-1 standard (e.g., reverberation time, early decay time, and clarity), which are used to determine the fitness values of potential RIRs so that the user has some control over the shape of the resulting RIRs. In the GA, these RIRs are initially generated via a custom Gaussian noise method, and then evolve via truncation selection, random weighted average crossover, and mutation via Gaussian multiplication in order to produce RIRs that resemble real-world, recorded ones. Binaural Room Impulse Responses (BRIRs) can also be generated by assigning two different RIRs to the left and right stereo channels. With the proposed audio effect, new RIRs that represent virtual rooms, some of which may even be impossible to replicate in the physical world, can be generated and stored. Objective evaluation of the GA shows that contradictory combinations of parameter values will produce RIRs with low fitness. Additionally, through subjective evaluation, it was determined that RIRs generated by the GA were still perceptually distinguishable from similar real-world RIRs, but the perceptual differences were reduced when longer execution times were used for generating the RIRs or the unprocessed audio signals were comprised of only speech.

Automatic Measurement System for Vertical Tank Volume by Electro-Optical Distance-Ranging Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 416-421
Author(s):  
Jin Tao Wang ◽  
Zi Yong Liu ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Li Gong Guo ◽  
Xue Song Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement System ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Laser Ranging ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Weighted Average Method ◽  
Optical Distance ◽  
Automatic Measurement System

The precision measurement of vertical tank volume is one of key problems for the international trade of liquefied petroleum products. One measurement system based on Electro-Optical Distance-Ranging (EODR) principle was proposed. Laser ranging and optic-encoding methods were applied to determine the location of each point on the tank shell. Based on the coordinate computation, the space model of vertical tank was established. Regarded as cylinder, the volume of tank can be calculated by using fitted radius of each course. Weighted Average Method and Direct Iterative Method were used to carry out radius fitting. One comparison experiment was designed, in which one 1000m3 vertical tank was used as test object, and Strapping Method was regarded as reference according to OIML R71. The maximal radius errors of two methods were 2.05mm and 1.48mm, and the absolute value of mean radius errors were 0.97mm and 0.63mm, which verified the system discussed.

scholarly journals ПРО ЗВ’ЯЗОК ВИКЛИКАНОЇ ОТОАКУСТИЧНОЇ ЕМІСІЇ ТА ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ СЛУХУ ЛЮДИНИ

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. O. Zubchenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Otoacoustic Emissions ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Newborn Hearing Screening ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Newborn Hearing ◽  
Objective Audiometry

<p>It was held a comparative analysis of subjective and objective audiometry. It was established the following compliance: dependence ∆f = 1/∆t on f<sub>p</sub>, which is defined by the signal of delayed otoacoustic emissions, quantitatively coincides with the average dependency (people with different sensitivity) width of frequency groups, measured by subjective evaluation of noise volume; separation range of sound frequency integrating group is in the cochlea of the inner ear.</p><p>Using the pulse function induced of otoacoustic emission provides a new objective method to determine the exact width of the frequency bands and objective invariant setting standards of inner ear, allowing you to add newborn hearing screening and to monitor the functional state of the ear.</p>

scholarly journals Objective and Subjective Evaluation of Spatially Transcoded Videos for Mobile Receivers

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Carlos D. M. Regis ◽  
Raissa B. Rocha ◽  
Mylene C. Q. Farias ◽  
Marcelo S. Alencar
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Digital Videos ◽  
Video Signals ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Small Display ◽  
Mobile Receivers

Digital television produces video signals with different bit rates, encoding formats, and spatial resolutions. To deliver video to users with different receivers, the content needs to be dynamically adapted. Transcoding devices convert video from one format into another. The reception of digital videos using mobile receivers, implies that the spatial resolution of the video must be adjusted to fit the small display. This paper presents subjective and objective quality analysis of spatially transcoded videos. Transcoding algorithms that downsample the video frames using the moving average, median, mode, weighted average and sigma filters are considered.

Research on Multiband Packet Fusion Algorithm for Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Cai Zhao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Feature Matching ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Fusion Algorithm ◽  
Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Ihs Transform

The data recorded by current algorithms contains more errors, which reduces the quality of hyperspectral remote sensing images and affects the fusion results. A fusion algorithm based on improved IHS transform is proposed. In order to avoid the noise and diffusion spread and the uniform distribution of gray level, the detail information is preserved and the image is geometric corrected, denoised and histogram equalized. Then the feature extraction, edge detection and feature matching are performed to the images. The weighted average fusion criterion is used to improve the fusion algorithm of IHS transform to improve the spectral distortion of fusion images. Through statistical and visual interpretation of evaluation results, the proposed fusion algorithm preserves the original spectral information and has good visual effects, which is more in line with human subjective evaluation criteria.

scholarly journals 3D projection mapping for facial cosmetic surgery by creating a 3D video

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-1) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Vani Vasudevan
Keyword(s):  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Face Model ◽  
Projection Mapping ◽  
Face Features ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right

Due to the rapid growth of technology, millions of systems are designed day by day to fulfill their duties in facilitating the human lives. In this paper, the projection mapping method is used to help users who need to do facial cosmetic surgery in taking the right decisions by providing them with a unique system, which can be used in cosmetic surgeries’ clinics. The main purpose of the system is to make a projection mapping on a face model that presents the changes that need to be applied on the face features with some facial expressions, as a result, the user will be able to compare between his/her face before and after the surgery and take the certainly decision. A suitable web based UI is created to make it easier for the user by enabling him/her to choose the needed surgery and come up with his/her own projection mapping video.

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