scholarly journals The Weight-Inclusive versus Weight-Normative Approach to Health: Evaluating the Evidence for Prioritizing Well-Being over Weight Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Tylka ◽  
Rachel A. Annunziato ◽  
Deb Burgard ◽  
Sigrún Daníelsdóttir ◽  
Ellen Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Health At Every Size ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions ◽  
Health And Well Being

Using an ethical lens, this review evaluates two methods of working within patient care and public health: theweight-normative approach(emphasis on weight and weight loss when defining health and well-being) and theweight-inclusive approach(emphasis on viewing health and well-being as multifaceted while directing efforts toward improving health access and reducing weight stigma). Data reveal that the weight-normative approach is not effective for most people because of high rates of weight regain and cycling from weight loss interventions, which are linked to adverse health and well-being. Its predominant focus on weight may also foster stigma in health care and society, and data show that weight stigma is also linked to adverse health and well-being. In contrast, data support a weight-inclusive approach, which is included in models such as Health at Every Size for improving physical (e.g., blood pressure), behavioral (e.g., binge eating), and psychological (e.g., depression) indices, as well as acceptability of public health messages. Therefore, the weight-inclusive approach upholds nonmaleficience and beneficience, whereas the weight-normative approach does not. We offer a theoretical framework that organizes the research included in this review and discuss how it can guide research efforts and help health professionals intervene with their patients and community.

Health at Every Size

2019 ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Andrea LaMarre ◽  
Sigrún Daníelsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Health At Every Size ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
Body Acceptance ◽  
Health Need ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health And Well Being

Weight-neutral approaches have gained traction over the past decades. These perspectives challenge dominant weight loss paradigms by foregrounding how a focus on health need not be accompanied by an injunction to reduce body size. This chapter explores the roots of the Health at Every Size® (HAES®) paradigm as one weight-neutral approach to positive embodiment. Evidence is reviewed for the effectiveness of HAES, highlighting how it often outperforms weight loss approaches in promoting health and well-being; some recently raised concerns are discussed, including the potential for healthism in an approach that emphasizes health. Finally, it considers how strategies for self-compassion and self-care can be accompanied with parallel efforts to promote social justice for people in all bodies, including bodies marginalized along lines of gender, race, class, ability, and so on. Sustainable gains in promoting positive embodiment must be achieved by advocating for body acceptance at the individual and collective levels.

scholarly journals Biodiversity and Health in the Urban Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Marselle ◽  
Sarah J. Lindley ◽  
Penny A. Cook ◽  
Aletta Bonn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Purpose of review Biodiversity underpins urban ecosystem functions that are essential for human health and well-being. Understanding how biodiversity relates to human health is a developing frontier for science, policy and practice. This article describes the beneficial, as well as harmful, aspects of biodiversity to human health in urban environments. Recent findings Recent research shows that contact with biodiversity of natural environments within towns and cities can be both positive and negative to human physical, mental and social health and well-being. For example, while viruses or pollen can be seriously harmful to human health, biodiverse ecosystems can promote positive health and well-being. On balance, these influences are positive. As biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, research suggests that its loss could threaten the quality of life of all humans. Summary A key research gap is to understand—and evidence—the specific causal pathways through which biodiversity affects human health. A mechanistic understanding of pathways linking biodiversity to human health can facilitate the application of nature-based solutions in public health and influence policy. Research integration as well as cross-sector urban policy and planning development should harness opportunities to better identify linkages between biodiversity, climate and human health. Given its importance for human health, urban biodiversity conservation should be considered as public health investment.

Non-stigmatising alternatives to anti-obesity public health messages: Consequences for health behaviour and well-being

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532199970
Author(s):  
Joanne A Rathbone ◽  
Tegan Cruwys ◽  
Jolanda Jetten
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
Total N ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Size Acceptance

This project investigated how alternative non-stigmatising public health messages influence people’s health behaviours and well-being, relative to traditional stigmatising weight-loss messages. We conducted three experimental studies (total N = 1281) that compared traditional weight-loss messages to weight-neutral messages (Study 1), weight-inclusive messages (Study 2) and size acceptance messages (Study 3). Results revealed that public health messages have differential effects on health behaviours and well-being, depending on the audience’s BMI or perceived weight. However, campaigns that challenge weight stigma and promote body positivity have positive effects on some psychological indicators of health and well-being for people of all body sizes.

scholarly journals The Value of Urban Nature in Terms of Providing Ecosystem Services Related to Health and Well-Being: An Empirical Comparative Pilot Study of Cities in Germany and the Czech Republic

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Ralf-Uwe Syrbe ◽  
Ina Neumann ◽  
Karsten Grunewald ◽  
Patrycia Brzoska ◽  
Jiři Louda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
Urban Nature ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

The quality of life in our cities critically depends on the intelligent planning and shaping of urban living space, in particular urban nature. By providing a wide range of ecosystem services (ES), urban nature essentially contributes to the well-being of city dwellers and plays a major role in avoiding common diseases through its positive impact on physical and mental health. Health is one of the most important factors underlying human welfare and is, thus, vital to sustainable development. The ES of urban green space provide other social-cultural functions alongside public health, for example by fostering environmental justice and citizenship participation. Thus, they should always be considered when searching for solutions to urban problems. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of green areas in three selected cities on the health and well-being of people by self-reporting of green areas’ visitors. To this end, we posed the research question: which types and characteristics of urban green space are most appreciated by city dwellers? Based on our findings, we have drawn up recommendations for practices to promote better living conditions. We have also pinpointed obstacles to and opportunities for leisure time activities as well as ways of supporting the public health of citizens.

scholarly journals Advancing environmental public health in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marcelo Korc ◽  
Fred Hauchman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Public Health ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Health And Well Being

This paper highlights the important leadership role of the public health sector, working with other governmental sectors and nongovernmental entities, to advance environmental public health in Latin America and the Caribbean toward the achievement of 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 3: Health and Well-Being. The most pressing current and future environmental public health threats are discussed, followed by a brief review of major historical and current international and regional efforts to address these concerns. The paper concludes with a discussion of three major components of a regional environmental public health agenda that responsible parties can undertake to make significant progress toward ensuring the health and well-being of all people throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.

scholarly journals Cesarean Section Epidemic: Coping Strategies Adopted in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Ferreira D’agostini Marin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Cesarean Sections ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Strategic Measures ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
And Child Health

In this article, we discuss the strategic measures adopted in Brazil to reduce the high rates of cesarean sections. We present specific programs for both public health and supplementary health and for improving maternal and child health. We hope that these governmental initiatives, coupled with a paradigm shift in the Brazilian society regarding childbirth and women's health, will reduce cesarean section rates in the short and medium run, leading to positive outcomes for maternal and children's health and well-being.

s.One Norms and Principles, 1 The Birth and Development of Human Rights for Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meier Benjamin Mason ◽  
Murphy Thérèse ◽  
Gostin Lawrence O
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
International Law ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Political ◽  
Normative Foundations ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Historical Origins

This chapter examines the historical origins of human rights as a basis for public health. Tracing the idea of rights from philosophical notions of natural rights to human rights under international law, the normative foundations underlying rights have long been seen as central to health and well-being—from the political engagement with underlying determinants of health in 1848 to the international codification of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. The modern human rights system that frames public health arose in response to the deprivations and atrocities of World War II. Giving rise to the notion of human rights under international law, the postwar creation of the United Nations (UN) provided the structure for a new legal regime under which individuals were seen as having certain rights by virtue of their humanity, ensuring a foundation for the evolution of rights to advance health.

Physical health and well being

2009 ◽  
pp. 139-212
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Temperature Pulse ◽  
Health And Well Being

Introduction 140 Health inequalities 142 Principles of health promotion 144 Promoting public health 146 Promoting physical well-being of individuals 148 Physical health assessment of people with intellectual disability 150 Blood pressure, temperature, pulse 152 Respiration and oxygen saturation levels 154 Epilepsy 156 Supporting people with epilepsy ...

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