Drought Occurrence in Central European Mountainous Region (Tatra National Park, Slovakia) within the Period 1961–2010

Drought has recently become a significant topic in the Central European region. It has been observed that the drought phenomenon has severe impacts on the agriculture, hydrology, social, and economic sectors of lowland areas. This study focuses on how drought, defined as a precipitation shortage, occurs in higher altitudes of the Tatra National Park (Tatra Mts., Slovakia), which is a significant biological reserve of the Central European fauna and flora. The main goals of this research include identifying drought variability and its characteristics over the Tatra National Park in the West Carpathians (Slovakia), especially to characterizing drought variability and its spatial pattern across the Tatra National Park from 1961 to 2010 using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and standard Geographic Information System (GIS) methods. The results showed that frequency of drought occurrence has cyclic pattern with approximately 30-year period. The spatial analyses showed that precipitation shadow of the mountains influences the risk of drought occurrence. The drought-prone areas over the mountains are also identified.

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Drought cycle tracking in Hungary using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/2/3685 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 97-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Safwan A. Mohammed ◽

Endre Harsányi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Eastern Europe ◽

Natural Hazard ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Precipitation Index ◽

Rainfall Data ◽

Trend Test ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Similar Vein ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index

Drought is one of the natural hazard risks which badly affects both agricultural and socio-economic sectors. Hungary, which is located in Eastern Europe has been suffering from different drought cycles; therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the rainfall data obtained from ten metrological stations (Békéscsaba, Budapest, Debrecen, Győr, Kékestető, Miskolc, Pápa, Pécs, Szeged, Siófok, Szolnok) between 1985 and 2016, by using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The results showed that 2011 was recorded as the worst drought cycle of the studied period, where the SPI ranged between -0.22 (extreme drought) in Siófok, and 0.15 (no drought) in Miskolc. In a similar vein, the study highlighted the year 2010 to be the best hydrological year, when the SPI reached 0.73 (mildly wet) on average. Interestingly, the Mann-Kendall trend test for the drought cycle showed no positive trends in the study area. Finally, more investigation should be conducted into the climate change spatial drought cycle in Europe.

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Rogation ceremonies: a key to understanding past drought variability in northeastern Spain since 1650

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-15-1647-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1647-1664 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ernesto Tejedor ◽

Martín de Luis ◽

Mariano Barriendos ◽

José María Cuadrat ◽

Jürg Luterbacher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

18Th Century ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Extreme Drought ◽

Drought Indices ◽

Independent Evidence ◽

Superposed Epoch Analysis ◽

Drought Variability ◽

Instrumental Period ◽

Epoch Analysis ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index

Abstract. In the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, few studies have reconstructed drought occurrence and variability for the pre-instrumental period using documentary evidence and natural proxies. In this study, we compiled a unique dataset of rogation ceremonies – religious acts asking God for rain – from 13 cities in the northeast of Spain and investigated the annual drought variability from 1650 to 1899 CE. Three regionally different coherent areas (Mediterranean, Ebro Valley, and Mountain) were detected. Both the Barcelona and the regional Mediterranean drought indices were compared with the instrumental series of Barcelona for the overlapping period (1787–1899), where we discovered a highly significant and stable correlation with the Standardized Precipitation Index of May with a 4-month lag (r=-0.46 and r=-0.53; p<0.001, respectively). We found common periods with prolonged droughts (during the mid and late 18th century) and extreme drought years (1775, 1798, 1753, 1691, and 1817) associated with more atmospheric blocking situations. A superposed epoch analysis (SEA) was performed showing a significant decrease in drought events 1 year after the volcanic events, which might be explained by the decrease in evapotranspiration due to reduction in surface temperatures and, consequently, the higher availability of water that increases soil moisture. In addition, we discovered a common and significant drought response in the three regional drought indices 2 years after the Tambora volcanic eruption. Our study suggests that documented information on rogation ceremonies contains important independent evidence to reconstruct extreme drought events in areas and periods for which instrumental information and other proxies are scarce. However, drought index for the mountainous areas (denoted Mountain later in the text) presents various limitations and its interpretation must be treated with caution.

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Presence and distribution of Suillus plorans in the Polish Tatra Mts (Western Carpatians)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2002.028 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 235-242

Author(s):

Michał Ronikier ◽

Anna Miśkiewicz ◽

Piotr Mleczko

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽

Pinus Cembra ◽

Species Occurrence ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Tatra Mts ◽

Tatra National Park ◽

A New Species

Suillus plorans is a very interesting mountain ectomycorrhizal fungus, attached to Pinus cembra. The paper reports its presence in the Polish Tatra Mts as a new species for Poland, discusses its previous situation among macromycetes of Poland, and its conservation status. It includes detailed descriptions of carpophores and mycorrhizae specimens collected in Poland. Basing on records of both carpophores and mycorrhizae, a map of species' occurrence in the Tatra National Park was prepared and compared with the distribution of Pinus cembra in this area. Identity of mycorrhizae was assessed by a morphological study and confirmed by PCR-RFLP patterns analysis of carpophore and mycorrhizal mycelium.

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Assessment of Drought Over Parambikulam Aliyar Basin of Tamil Nadu

International Journal of Environment and Climate Change ◽

10.9734/ijecc/2020/v10i1030245 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 35-42

Author(s):

Guhan V. ◽

Geethalakshmi V. ◽

Panneerselvam S. ◽

Raviraj A. ◽

Lakshmanan A. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Crop Production ◽

Social Systems ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

The People ◽

Wet Condition ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Event Quantification ◽

Drought Occurrence

Rainfall has a greater impact on agricultural, hydrological, economic, environmental and social systems. Inconsistencies in rainfall pattern could lead to extremities like drought and flood. Drought is a long period of unusually low rainfall that severely affects crop production and welfare of the people. Understanding the impacts of drought is crucial for planning, mitigation and responses. The Standardized precipitation index (SPI) method was employed for identifying drought occurrence in Parambikulam aliyar basin based on rainfall data of 37 years (1981–2017). SPI method indicated PAP basin had drought once in 4 years. In 19 per cent times, wet situation found to exist in PAP basin, five years exhibited moderately wet condition (1984, 1996, 2010, 2015 and 2017) and two years (1992 and 2005) fell under extremely wet event. Quantification on the drought events forms the scientific basis for decision makers to reduce the societal vulnerability to drought.

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Coronilla vaginalis – a species new for the flora of Poland

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2015.009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 133-138

Author(s):

Zbigniew Mirek ◽

Agnieszka Nikel ◽

Łukasz Wilk

Keyword(s):

National Park ◽

Calcareous Grassland ◽

Tatra Mountains ◽

Central European ◽

Tatra National Park ◽

The Tatra Mountains ◽

First Time

Coronilla vaginalis Lam., a Central European montane species, is reported for the first time from Poland, from the Tatra Mountains. A general map of the taxon’s distribution is given, and the location of the newly recorded stand is shown on a map of Poland and the Tatra National Park. Its habitat, calcareous grassland of the order Seslerietalia, is characterized in detail.

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TREND ANALYSIS FOR DROUGHT EVENT IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v57.1535 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

FADHILAH YUSOF ◽

FOO HUI–MEAN ◽

SHARIFFAH SUHAILA ◽

KONG CHING–YEE

Keyword(s):

Daily Precipitation ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Drought Event ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Daily Precipitation Data ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Trend Identification ◽

Drought Occurrence

In this paper, the geostatistics application is employed for analysis of drought events in verifying the upward or increasing and downward or decreasing trend during the drought occurrence. About 33 years of daily precipitation data obtained from 69 stations during the period of November, 1975 to October, 2008 in Peninsular Malaysia are analyzed to characterize the trend of dry events. The amount of precipitation is classified based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) to determine the drought periods and proceed with the Mann–Kendall test for trend identification. These results are further verified by applying the kriging method. The kriging results describe that the trend values for drought events in Peninsular Malaysia interprets an upward trend especially in eastern and western parts.

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Vegetation state and extreme drought as factors determining differentiation and succession of Carabidae communities in forests damaged by a windstorm in the High Tatra Mts

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-013-0268-1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zbyšek Šustek ◽

Jaroslav Vido

Keyword(s):

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Individual Species ◽

Forest Species ◽

Slow Increase ◽

Partial Restoration ◽

High Tatra Mts ◽

Tatra Mts ◽

Forest Mountain ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index

AbstractSuccession of Carabidae communities in spruce forests in the High Tatra Mts damaged by the windstorm of November 2004 exhibited two trends. The first trend includes the communities differentiation according to the state and management of damaged sites into three groups: (1) the site with fallen timber in situ shows only quantitative and reversible changes in rapport to the intact stand, (2) the sites with extracted timber, where less tolerant forest species disappeared, more tolerant forest species were favored and non-forest mountain species appeared, (3) the sites with extracted timber, additionally burned in July/August 2005, where number of the forest species and their abundance declined and temporal invasions of xenocoenous open-landscape species occurred. This differentiation is explained by autecology of individual species and state of vegetation. In 2010, the communities in burned and unburned sites started to converge due to partial restoration of the vegetation cover, but they continued to strongly differ from the site with timber in situ. The second trend includes a striking decline of the number of species and individuals and cumulative biomass in all sites in 2008 and a slow increase of these parameters up to 2011. The extreme dry summer of 2012 caused a decline of these parameters about to the levels from 2009. This trend represents a long lasting consequence of the extremely dry year 2007 and an immediate response to the drought in 2012. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI24) and Standardized Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI24) fitted best these changes.

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Positive and Negative Phases of the Wintertime North Atlantic Oscillation and Drought Occurrence over Europe: A Multitemporal-Scale Approach

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/2007jcli1739.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 1220-1243 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

J. Ignacio López-Moreno ◽

Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

North Atlantic Oscillation ◽

Time Scales ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Opposite Pattern ◽

The North ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Drought Occurrence ◽

Different Time Scales

Abstract In this study, droughts are analyzed using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) at different time scales for all of Europe over the period 1901–2000. The SPI is calculated at different time scales (1–12 months), as are the average values that correspond to negative and positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The responses of droughts to the phases of the NAO vary spatially, but the response also depends on the month of the year and the time scale of the analysis. During the positive/negative phases, negative/positive SPI values are generally recorded in southern Europe, with the opposite pattern recorded in northern Europe. In certain regions, significant differences in the SPI are also recorded during spring, summer, and even autumn. In several regions, the magnitude of the average SPI anomalies is noticeably different for the positive and negative phases of the NAO, indicating the asymmetric response of droughts to the NAO. The unstable response of drought occurrence is also demonstrated, at different time scales, to positive and negative phases of the NAO throughout the twentieth century. During the second half of the twentieth century, there is a strengthening of the influence of the positive phases of the NAO on droughts. In contrast, the negative phases show a weaker influence on the SPI during the second half of the twentieth century. This pattern is related to changes in the wintertime sea level pressure fields associated with positive and negative phases of the NAO.

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Meteorological and hydrological drought from 1987 to 2017 in Doce River Basin, Southeastern Brazil

RBRH ◽

10.1590/2318-0331.252020190181 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elaisa Teixeira de Jesus ◽

Jhones da Silva Amorim ◽

Rubens Junqueira ◽

Marcelo Ribeiro Viola ◽

Carlos Rogério de Mello

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Rain Gauge ◽

Hydrological Drought ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Historical Series ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Doce River

ABSTRACT Meteorological drought is a natural hazard characterized as below-average precipitation from expected or normal that can affect various economic sectors, and lead to period with inadequate streamflow for established uses of the water (hydrological drought). We aimed to apply the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Streamflow Index (SSI) to identify the occurrence and the intensity of droughts in Doce River Basin (DRB), Southeastern Brazil. For this purpose, 71 rain gauge stations and one streamflow station were selected with 30-year monthly historical series (1987 to 2017). The SPI and SSI were calculated for the hydrological year (October-September) and the seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter). SPI mapping was performed by geostatistical procedures. Pearson's coefficient was calculated to analyze the influence of meteorological on hydrological drought. The main meteorological drought events, observed in the hydrological years of 1994/95, 2000/01, and a recent and consecutive period of four hydrological years (2013-2017), were mainly influenced by events in spring and summer and, to a lesser extent, in fall. It was observed the influence of the meteorological drought on the hydrological drought on an annual and seasonal scale, except winter, where low precipitation does not influence in the streamflow.

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Characterizing Germany’s 2018 drought in the context of wet and dry spells since 1901

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1037 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mathilde Erfurt ◽

Rüdiger Glaser ◽

Kerstin Stahl

Keyword(s):

Standardized Precipitation Index ◽

Meteorological Drought ◽

Precipitation Data ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Study Region ◽

Precipitation Patterns ◽

Dry Spells ◽

Daily Precipitation Data ◽

Dry Conditions ◽

The Standardized Precipitation Index

In 2018, large areas of central and northern Europe were affected by an extreme drought. The water deficit propagated through the hydrologic cycle causing precipitation, soil moisture and, towards the end of 2018, streamflow and groundwater deficits. In Germany many socio-economic sectors were severely affected by the drought, e.g. the forestry sector has still not recovered. Main drivers for drought propagation are precipitation deficits. However, the natural variability of dry and wet precipitation patterns over time and space make characterization of droughts and predictions of impacts still challenging.This study investigates German meteorological drought characteristics within general wet and dry spells since 1901 using station based daily precipitation data. Daily, monthly and seasonal aggregated indices such as the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) were used to characterize duration, severity and spatial extent of the 2018 drought. These characteristics were then compared with events of extreme droughts since 1901. Even though the meteorological drought of 2018 was extreme considering only precipitation data, we found comparable extremes in the past, for instance 1949 or 1964. However, based on what we observe in the SPI-12, clusters of extreme dry years in the 20th century were often followed by clusters of above average wet years, probably leading to a reduction of impacts in the following years. Since 2003, however, dry patterns predominate. Even though annual precipitation amounts are predicted to increase slightly in the study region this analysis shows the importance of analyzing sub annual as well as multi-year characteristics of precipitation patterns.Including both wet and dry conditions when characterizing the severity of current drought events may improve our understanding of extreme meteorological drought events causing severe and long lasting impacts.

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