scholarly journals Ultraviolet Radiation Emissions and Illuminance in Different Brands of Compact Fluorescent Lamps

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Safari ◽  
Sina Eshraghi Dehkordy ◽  
Meghdad Kazemi ◽  
Habibollah Dehghan ◽  
Behzad Mahaki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Optical Bench ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
One Way Anova

Introduction.Replacing incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), which are three to six times more efficient, is one of the easiest methods to achieve energy efficiency. The present study aimed to evaluate relationships between UV emissions radiated and illuminance CFLs.Material and Methods. This pilot study was conducted on 16 single envelope CFLs. The illuminance and UV irradiance of various types of CFLs are measured on a three-meter long optical bench, using a calibrated lux meter and UV meter, and measurement was done in 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 cm, in three angles, including 0°, 45°, and 90°, at the ages of 0, 100, and 2000 hours. Result. UVC irradiance was not observed at the distance of 10 cm in all of lamps. The lowest value of UVB irradiance was recorded in Pars Khazar lamp, while the highest value was recorded in Etehad lamps. UVR values measured at different times showed negligible differences; the highest asset value was detected in zero times. One way ANOVA indicated that relationships between UVA irradiance and illuminance were significant (P<0.05).Conclusion. UVB irradiance in most of the lamp in 10 and 25 cm was more than occupational exposure and UVA except for the fact that Pars Khazar 60 watts and Nama Noor 60 watts were less than occupational exposure.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPACT FLUORESCENT LAMPS VERSUS LED LAMPS: AN ECONOMY FACTOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 198-212
Author(s):  
Diego Da Silva de Souza ◽  
Paulo De Souza Silva ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Industrial Buildings

The general objective of this article was to promote through bibliographic studies the two types of lamps, in addition to the comparative analysis of compact fluorescent lamps versus LED lamps: an economy factor. The specific objectives were: - to explain the conceptual precepts on: lighting engineering, definitions, characteristics, invention, operation, defect, quality and the environments used and the NBRs regulations; - address the economic impact generated by the choice of LED lamps and compact fluorescent lamps; - emphasize on an economic feasibility study on the use of LED lamps and compact fluorescent lamps. The justification of the study is related, in the promotion regarding the use of LED lamps and compact fluorescents, in the factor that generates savings. Since the areas related to artificial lighting are responsible for a significant portion of energy demand, both on a large scale - such as lighting for public roads or industrial buildings - and on smaller scales - in commercial and residential buildings. Therefore, its promotion is crucial in the context of economic viability. The lamps provide the luminous energy, through which a better luminous efficiency is obtained. Currently, there are several types of lamps available, different in several aspects: luminous intensity, reproduction colors, energy efficiency, physical composition, method for emitting light, specific purposes, prices, among others. It is worth mentioning that the lamps differ from each other not only by the different luminous fluxes that they radiate, but also by the different powers they consume. In order to compare them, it is necessary to know how many lumens are generated per absorbed watt. This greatness is called energy efficiency. Thus, the proposal of a study was evidenced, in order to promote these luminous resources, in addition to emphasizing their economic viability.

Crises to Crises: A 30-Year Retrospective on the Electric Utility Industry and Energy Efficient Lighting Technology

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electric Utilities ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Utility ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Lighting Technology ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Oil Embargo ◽  
Fluorescent Lighting

This paper reviews the change in energy efficiency of lighting technology during the 30-year period between the energy crises of the 1970’s oil embargo and last year’s de-regulated wholesale market, electricity price spikes. Lighting power requirements have been cut in half for new commercial buildings, dropping from 3 to 1.5 watts or less per square foot of conditioned space. Fluorescent lighting technology has changed from four-foot T-12 lamps requiring 40 watts, to high-lumen, 32-watt T-8 lamps. Copper intensive and noisy magnetic ballasts have been replaced with lightweight, high frequency electronic ballasts lowering power from 10 to one watt per fixture. Today this trend continues with the movement away from Edison’s incandescent lamp to compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) that save 70% of the electrical energy. In response to the wholesale electricity prices spikes, the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance partnered with regional electric utilities and retail stores to offer CFL discount coupons. As a result, CFL sales rose from about 500,000 in 2000 to over 8 million in 2001. This is one more example of how energy efficiency programs sponsored by the nation’s electric utilities have driven both technology and the market to change.

Replacing incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps may delay flowering

2012 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 56-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik S. Runkle ◽  
Sonali R. Padhye ◽  
Wook Oh ◽  
Kristin Getter
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

Energy Efficiency and Electricity Reliability

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Carranza ◽  
Robyn Meeks
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Reduce Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electricity Reliability ◽  
The Impact

Overloaded electrical systems are a major source of unreliable power. Using a randomized saturation design, we estimate the impact of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) on electricity reliability and household electricity consumption in the Kyrgyz Republic. Greater saturation of CFLs within a transformer leads to fewer outages, a technological externality benefitting all households, regardless of individual adoption. Spillovers in CFL adoption further reduce electricity consumption, contributing to increased reliability within a transformer. CFLs' impacts on household electricity consumption vary according to the effects on reliability. Receiving CFLs significantly reduces electricity consumption, but increased reliability permits greater consumption of electricity services.

Light-Emitting Diodes: Progress in Solid-State Lighting

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artūras Žukauskas ◽  
Michael S. Shur ◽  
Remis Gaska
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Carbon Arc ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Gas Flame ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Until the beginning of the 19th century, flame produced by combustion was the only source of artificial light. Since then, physical phenomena other than pyroluminescence have been used to produce light. Limelight (incandescence of calcium oxide heated by the flame from an oxyhydrogen blowpipe), gas mantles (candoluminescence of gas-flame-heated rare-earth oxides), and the electrical Jablochkoff candle (an early type of carbon-arc lamp) were among the important milestones that led to modern lighting technology. In the 21st century, most of the residential lighting worldwide is provided by tungsten incandescent lamps. Compact fluorescent lamps are also actively promoted because of their higher performance—a broader spectrum for higher-quality white light and elimination of 100–120-Hz flickering, for example. Most work environments employ fluorescent tubes for general lighting, and street lighting is dominated by sodium lamps. Lighting consumes ∼2000 TWh of energy annually, about 21% of the global consumption of electricity. However, during the past 20 years, none of the conventional lighting technologies has exhibited a significant improvement in efficiency. The drive to save lighting energy and reduce its negative environmental impact (i.e., carbon emissions and the disposal of mercury contained in discharge lamps) stimulates the search for new, efficient sources of light.

scholarly journals Reduccion de CO2 por el Uso de Lamparas de Bajo Consumo a Expensas de la Generacion de Residuos Peligrosos Domiciliarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Jorge R. Parente ◽  
Luis N. Leanza
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

Because the national legislation prohibits the sale of incandescent lamps the argentine citizen can acquire compact fluorescent lamps in their replacement. This situation has led us to develop this work whose main objective is to establish a comparison between these two types of lamps from the energy point of view and its environmental consequences. To this end, we have developed a study based on the last national census in Argentina. While significant energy savings achieved, and as a result lower emissions of carbon dioxide, this leads to an environmental problem due to the mercury content of compact fluorescent lamps. They become in hazardous waste when exhausted their useful lives and are discarded in sites for municipal solid waste. High probability that the lamps are broken and release mercury that can contaminate 19,55 liters of drinking water for kilogram of CO2 saved. We conclude that the regulations required to purchase compact fluorescent lamps instead of traditional incandescent lamps must go accompanied with sustainable alternatives to dispose them appropriately since otherwise we will be replacing an environmental problem with another.

scholarly journals Impact of Nonlinear Lighting Loads on the Neutral Conductor Current of Low Voltage Residential Grids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4851
Author(s):  
Jairo Hernández ◽  
Andrés A. Romero ◽  
Jan Meyer ◽  
Ana María Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Compact Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Lighting Loads ◽  
Incandescent Lamps ◽  
The Impact

In the last decade, mainly due to political incentives towards energy efficiency, the share of lamps with power electronic interfaces, like Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL) and Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps, has significantly increased in the residential sector. Their massive use might have a substantial impact on harmonic currents and, consequently, on the current flowing in the neutral conductor. This paper analyzes the impact of modern energy-efficient lighting technologies on the neutral conductor current by using a synthetic Low Voltage residential grid. Different load scenarios reflecting the transition from incandescent lamps, via CFL, to LED lamps are compared concerning the neutral conductor current at different points in the network. The inherent randomness related to the use of lighting devices by each residential customer is considered employing a Monte Carlo simulation. Obtained results show that the use of CFL has a greater impact on the neutral conductor current of Low Voltage (LV) residential grids and that, with increasing use of LED lamps, a decreasing impact can be expected in the future.

The Reconstruction Project of Illumination Devices at the Krasnoselskaya Station of the Moscow Metro

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Ksenia I. Nechaeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Metro Station ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Passenger Transportation ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Current State ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Lighting Environment ◽  
Incandescent Lamps

The current state of the Moscow Metro station of the first priority that became operational in 1935 does not allow it to be called a cultural heritage site. This is due to the fact that lighting modernisation carried out by the Moscow Metro was based on fluorescent lamps. Such lamps are more energy efficient compared to incandescent lamps, which were used in original lighting devices specified in the Station Lighting Project developed by architects and designers. However, they significantly changed the station appearance, transforming the originally designed station with entire well visible architectural tectonics?1 from the standpoint of lighting into a simple, flat, unremarkable, and little loaded station of the Moscow Metro./br> This paper describes a method of lighting reconstruction at Krasnoselskaya station by means of original lighting devices that meet modern standards and requirements for cultural heritage sites. The historical analysis on the development of the station lighting environment was conducted during its operation in order to understand what kind of station was conceived by its architects, what changes occurred with its lighting over time, and how it influenced the station appearance and safety of passenger transportation.

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