scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniaeafter Azithromycin Distribution for Trachoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek K-H. Ho ◽  
Christian Sawicki ◽  
Nicholas Grassly
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Blinding Trachoma

Trachoma is caused byChlamydia trachomatisand is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Mass distribution of azithromycin (AZM) is part of the strategy for the global elimination of blinding trachoma by 2020. Although resistance to AZM inC. trachomatishas not been reported, there have been concerns about resistance in other organisms when AZM is administered in community settings. We identified studies that measured pneumococcal prevalence and resistance to AZM following mass AZM provision reported up to 2013 in Medline and Web of Science databases. Potential sources of bias were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. A total of 45 records were screened, of which 8 met the inclusion criteria. We identified two distinct trends of resistance prevalence, which are dependent on frequency of AZM provision and baseline prevalence of resistance. We also demonstrated strong correlation between the prevalence of resistance at baseline and at 2-3 months (r=0.759). Although resistance to AZM inC. trachomatishas not been reported, resistance to this commonly used macrolide antibiotic in other diseases could compromise treatment. This should be considered when planning long-term trachoma control strategies.

scholarly journals Impact of Vibration on the Levels of Biomarkers: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110195
Author(s):  
Ashish Agrawal ◽  
TM Chou
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Proquest Dissertation

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effect of vibrational force on biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: An electronic search was conducted for relevant studies (up to December 31, 2020) on the following databases: Pubmed, Google scholar, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wiley Library, and ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. Hand searching of selected orthodontic journals was also undertaken. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias in Cochrane collaboration risk of bias tool. The “traffic plot” and “weighted plot” risk of bias distribution are designed in the RoB 2 tool. The 2 authors extracted the data and analyzed it. Results: Six studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risks of biases were high for 4, low and some concern for other 2 studies. The biomarkers, medium, device, frequency and duration of device, as well as other data were extracted. The outcomes of the studies were found to be heterogenous. Conclusion: One study showed highly statistically significant levels of IL-1 beta with <.001. Rate of tooth movement was correlated with levels of released biomarkers under the influence of vibrational force in 3 studies, but it was found to be significant only in 1 study. It was further observed that vibration does not have any significant reduction in pain and discomfort.

scholarly journals Serum Urate and the Risk of Parkinson's Disease: Results From a Meta-Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhong Shen ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
Chen Lin ◽  
Meiping Ding
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Serum Urate Level

Objective:Serum urate may exert protective effects against Parkinson's disease (PD) through its antioxidant capacities. In this article, we examine the hypothesis that high serum urate levels are associated with lower risk of PD.Methods:We searched NCBI (PubMed), ISI Web of Science and EMBASE for studies that reported the risk of PD associated with serum urate. Fixed or random effects meta-analysis was used to pool results across studies, and further analysis was used to assess the effects by gender.Results:Six studies met the inclusion criteria involving a total of 33 185 participants. Overall, we found a 33% reduction in PD incidence among persons with high serum urate level (relative risk [RR]=0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50-0.91). Subgroup analysis was performed with 20 641 men and 12 544 women included, indicating statistically significant protective effects of serum urate in men (RR=0.60; 95% CI, 0.40-0.90) but not in women. A dose-response trend of serum urate to reduce PD risk was also observed involving 11 795 participants (RR=0.77; 95% CI, 0.68-0.88). Additionally, high serum urate levels seemed to slow the clinical decline of PD patients (RR=0.56; 95% CI, 0.43-0.72).Conclusions:In light of these findings, our study confirms previous findings of a robust association between high serum urate level and PD risk, especially in men. It also suggests that long-term exposure to high serum urate may be linked to the delay of PD progression, however more well-designed investigations are needed.

scholarly journals Posterior Mandibular Displacement. A Systematic Review Based on Animal Studies

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Ioannis Lyros ◽  
Miltiadis A. Makrygiannakis ◽  
Theodoros Lykogeorgos ◽  
Efstratios Ferdianakis ◽  
Apostolos I. Tsolakis
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Condylar Process ◽  
Intercondylar Distance ◽  
Ramus Height ◽  
Condylar Neck ◽  
Long Term Studies

Treating extreme mandibular growth is challenging. The mandible is pushed backwards to address itsprotrusion. Nevertheless, conclusions after such displacement in animals have been contradictory. The aim of the present review is to present measurable alterations of the mandible and the condyle following retractionin healthy rats or rabbits. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were accessed for relevant studies up to October 2020. Eligibility was determined by the PICOS process, while the risk of bias was estimated with SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool. Retraction resulted in a more distal molar occlusion and the condyle rested more posteriorly. Mandibular anteroposterior bilateral growth restriction was achieved, the condylar process measured smaller and its angulation increased. The condylar neck thickened, its posterior surface flattened, the coronoid process was measured longer, and enlarged retromolar density was registered. Differences in the ramus height and the intercondylar distance were insignificant. Changes persisted for the period of study and subsequently the mandible resumed its inherited growth pattern. The timing of mandibular shaping and TMJ outcomes might depend on the properties of the applied force. Stability is of concern and well-structured, long-term studies are expected to resolve the issue and further clarify the results of posterior mandibular displacement.

scholarly journals Conventional laboratory housing increases morbidity and mortality in research rodents: results of a meta-analysis

BMC Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Cait ◽  
Alissa Cait ◽  
R. Wilder Scott ◽  
Charlotte B. Winder ◽  
Georgia J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Disease Risks ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background Over 120 million mice and rats are used annually in research, conventionally housed in shoebox-sized cages that restrict natural behaviours (e.g. nesting and burrowing). This can reduce physical fitness, impair thermoregulation and reduce welfare (e.g. inducing abnormal stereotypic behaviours). In humans, chronic stress has biological costs, increasing disease risks and potentially shortening life. Using a pre-registered protocol (https://atrium.lib.uoguelph.ca/xmlui/handle/10214/17955), this meta-analysis therefore tested the hypothesis that, compared to rodents in ‘enriched’ housing that better meets their needs, conventional housing increases stress-related morbidity and all-cause mortality. Results Comprehensive searches (via Ovid, CABI, Web of Science, Proquest and SCOPUS on May 24 2020) yielded 10,094 publications. Screening for inclusion criteria (published in English, using mice or rats and providing ‘enrichments’ in long-term housing) yielded 214 studies (within 165 articles, using 6495 animals: 59.1% mice; 68.2% male; 31.8% isolation-housed), and data on all-cause mortality plus five experimentally induced stress-sensitive diseases: anxiety, cancer, cardiovascular disease, depression and stroke. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool assessed individual studies’ risks of bias. Random-effects meta-analyses supported the hypothesis: conventional housing significantly exacerbated disease severity with medium to large effect sizes: cancer (SMD = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.88); cardiovascular disease (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.35–1.09); stroke (SMD = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.59–1.15); signs of anxiety (SMD = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.56–1.25); signs of depression (SMD = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.98–1.49). It also increased mortality rates (hazard ratio = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.25–1.74; relative median survival = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.89–0.94). Meta-regressions indicated that such housing effects were ubiquitous across species and sexes, but could not identify the most impactful improvements to conventional housing. Data variability (assessed via coefficient of variation) was also not increased by ‘enriched’ housing. Conclusions Conventional housing appears sufficiently distressing to compromise rodent health, raising ethical concerns. Results also add to previous work to show that research rodents are typically CRAMPED (cold, rotund, abnormal, male-biased, poorly surviving, enclosed and distressed), raising questions about the validity and generalisability of the data they generate. This research was funded by NSERC, Canada.

scholarly journals Genetic Polymorphisms Implicated in Major Pregnancy Complications: a Review

Folia Medica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237
Author(s):  
Georgios Dryllis ◽  
Panagiota Liakou ◽  
Marianna Politou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Placental Abruption ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Risk Condition

Pregnancy short- or long-term complications may involve the mother&rsquo;s health, the fetus&rsquo;s health, or both. A systematic literature review was performed, including studies up to October 2018 from Medline (PubMed), Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The following inclusion criteria were applied: studies published until 2018 concerning the genetic background of pregnancy complications such as high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, pregnancy loss, endometrial death, placental abruption, premature labor, and intrauterine growth retardation which may render pregnancy a high risk condition. We identified 164 articles that met the inclusion criteria and reviewed and analyzed them. The results so far are contradictory and the pathogenicity of these pregnancy complications remains unclear. For most of the polymorphisms studied so far, data refer to small studies size but research is on-going. The identification of genetic polymorphisms with strong correlations with certain pregnancy complications could provide us with useful tools which could be incorporated in diagnostic algorithms that could facilitate early detection and treatment of major pregnancy complications.

scholarly journals Ozonoterapia na Osteoartrose do Joelho: Revisão Sistemática

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Costa ◽  
Santiago Rodrigues-Manica ◽  
Carina Lopes ◽  
João Gomes ◽  
José Marona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bias Assessment

Introduction: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review in order to examine the effectiveness of ozone therapy on knee osteoarthritis. The objectives were to evaluate the effect over time of ozone therapy in terms of knee pain, functional improvement and radiographic progression.Material and Methods: A search was carried out on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify randomized and controlled studies focusing on this association. The following descriptors were used in English: ozone therapy, knee osteoarthritis. A descriptive summary and quality assessment was made of all studies included for analysis.Results: Six randomized and controlled studies were identified. The risk of bias assessment demonstrated that one study was considered as having a moderate risk of bias and the remainder a high risk of bias. No quantitative analysis of the data was performed, as the studies included were not sufficiently homogeneous. The participants in the studies were generally elderly patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis.Discussion: The variability of ozone therapy and the comparators demonstrates that there is no standardized therapy. Few studies reported adverse effects, and where they occurred, they were mild and associated with the procedure.Conclusion: Ozone therapy proved effective in the short-term in relation to placebo and when combined with hyaluronic acid, but it was not superior to other current treatments. More randomised and controlled studies are needed to evaluate the risks/benefits of ozone therapy, both in the short term and the medium/long term.

scholarly journals RANK, RANKL, and OPG in Dentigerous Cyst, Odontogenic Keratocyst, and Ameloblastoma: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Igor Felipe Pereira Lima ◽  
Felipe Rodrigues de Matos ◽  
Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino ◽  
Ingrede Tatiane Serafim Santana ◽  
Walbert de Andrade Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dentigerous Cyst ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Odontogenic Keratocyst ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess and compare RANK, RANKL, and OPG immunoexpression in dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and ameloblastoma. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018105543). Seven databases (Embase, Lilacs, LIVIVO, PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Web of Science) were the primary search sources and two databases (Open Grey and Open Thesis) partially captured the “grey literature”. Only cross sectional studies were included. The JBI Checklist assessed the risk of bias. A meta-analysis with random effects model estimated the values from the OPG and RANKL ratio reported by the individual studies and respective 95% confidence intervals. The heterogeneity among studies was assessed with I2 statistics. Only nine studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered in the analyses. The studies were published from 2008 to 2018. Two studies presented low risk of bias, while seven studies presented moderate risk. The meta-analysis showed the highest OPG>RANKL ratio for dentigerous cyst (ES=43.3%; 95% CI=14.3-74.8) and odontogenic keratocyst (ES=36.8%; 95% CI=18.8-56.7). In contrast, the highest OPG<RANKL ratio was found for ameloblastoma (ES=73.4%; 95% CI=55.4-88.4) and it was higher in the stromal region compared to the odontogenic epithelial region. The results may explain the aggressive potential of ameloblastoma from the higher OPG<RANKL ratio in this tumor, while it was lower for dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst.

scholarly journals Educational practices for families of children and adolescents using a permanent venous catheter

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (suppl 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verônica Braga Corrêa ◽  
Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
Ana Luiza Dorneles da Silveira ◽  
Liliane Faria da Silva ◽  
Selma Petra Chaves Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Printed Educational Materials ◽  
Brazilian Studies

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify, in the scientific literature, the educational practices performed by nurses with the families of children and adolescents using long-term venous catheters, concerning home care. Methods: integrative review in LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and CINAHL databases, from August to September 2018. Results: we analyzed eight articles that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that all studies are international, mostly North American and with low level of evidence. The educational practices found were home visits, production of printed educational materials, use of mannequins for simulation, creation of an educational video, and combined educational practices. Final Considerations: the care provided by families at home in the countries studied is more complex than in Brazil, and the conclusion is that Brazilian studies need to advance in publications related to this area.

Exercise interventions in lateral elbow tendinopathy have better outcomes than passive interventions, but the effects are small: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 2123 subjects in 30 trials

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102525
Author(s):  
Stefanos Karanasios ◽  
Vasileios Korakakis ◽  
Rod Whiteley ◽  
Ioannis Vasilogeorgis ◽  
Sarah Woodbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lateral Elbow ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of exercise compared with other conservative interventions in the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) on pain and function.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to grade the certainty of evidence. Self-perceived improvement, pain intensity, pain-free grip strength (PFGS) and elbow disability were used as primary outcome measures.Eligibility criteriaRCTs assessing the effectiveness of exercise alone or as an additive intervention compared with passive interventions, wait-and-see or injections in patients with LET.Results30 RCTs (2123 participants, 5 comparator interventions) were identified. Exercise outperformed (low certainty) corticosteroid injections in all outcomes at all time points except short-term pain reduction. Clinically significant differences were found in PFGS at short-term (mean difference (MD): 12.15, (95% CI) 1.69 to 22.6), mid-term (MD: 22.45, 95% CI 3.63 to 41.3) and long-term follow-up (MD: 18, 95% CI 11.17 to 24.84). Statistically significant differences (very low certainty) for exercise compared with wait-and-see were found only in self-perceived improvement at short-term, pain reduction and elbow disability at short-term and long-term follow-up. Substantial heterogeneity in descriptions of equipment, load, duration and frequency of exercise programmes were evident.ConclusionsLow and very low certainty evidence suggests exercise is effective compared with passive interventions with or without invasive treatment in LET, but the effect is small.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018082703.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Alexithymia in the Population of Hemodialysis Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2862
Author(s):  
Đorđe Pojatić ◽  
Ivana Tolj ◽  
Davorin Pezerović ◽  
Dunja Degmečić
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bodily Sensations

Alexithymia is a construct defined as the inability to differentiate between emotional experiences and bodily sensations. According to existing knowledge, alexithymia may have a major effect on the process of treatment and the outcome of the hemodialysis disease. The objective of this literature review was to determine the significance that alexithymia has for compliance and variables of clinical and mental health in the population of hemodialysis patients. For the above purpose, bibliographic databases “MEDLINE” and “Web of Science” were searched. The matrix method was used in analysis of articles. Searching both databases resulted in 248 articles. After applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, we included results of 13 articles in the literature review. The results of the search are findings regarding the prevalence and correlation of alexithymia with variables of clinical and mental health in hemodialysis patients. Alexithymia is significantly more common in the population of hemodialysis patients, and it has a negative effect on their mental and somatic health. Alexithymia levels in hemodialysis patients are more pronounced in cases where there is a greater number of comorbidities. Alexithymia is the predictor of high mortality rate in the population of hemodialysis patients, independent of other comorbidities.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document