Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercises on Weight Loss, Metabolic Syndrome Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Tai Chi and walking are both moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) that can be easily practiced in daily life. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of these two PAs on weight loss, metabolic syndrome parameters, and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese adults. We randomized 374 middle-aged subjects (45.8 ± 5.3 years) into 12-week training (45 minutes per day, 5 days per week) of Tai Chi(n=124)or self-paced walking(n=121)or control group(n=129). On average, Tai Chi and walking groups lost 0.50 and 0.76 kg of body weight and 0.47 and 0.59 kg of fat mass after intervention, respectively. The between-group difference of waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was −3.7 cm and −0.18 mmol/L for Tai Chi versus control and −4.1 cm and −0.22 mmol/L for walking versus control. No significant differences were observed regarding lean mass, blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMD compared to control. Change in lean mass, not fat mass or total weight loss, was significantly correlated to the change in BMD. Our results suggest that both of these two PAs can produce moderate weight loss and significantly improve the WC and FBG in Hong Kong Chinese adults, with no additional effects on BMD.

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Abstract P111: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial to Examine the Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercises on Weight Loss, Metabolic Syndrome Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p111 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Yao Jie Xie ◽

Stanley Sai-chuen Hui ◽

Timothy Chi-yui Kwok ◽

Jean Woo

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Tai Chi ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Mineral Density

Introduction: Tai Chi and walking are both moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) that can be easily practiced in daily life. The purpose of this study was to better understand that after practicing these two types of PAs in a relative short term and keeping the stable dietary intake in this period, how much body weight would be reduced and what extent the metabolic syndrome parameters would be improved; and if a significant weight loss was observed, whether this exercise-induced weight loss had adverse effect on bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: Three-hundred seventy-four healthy and physically inactive adults (45.8±5.3 years) from 9 geographic areas in Hong Kong were randomized to 12 weeks training (45 minutes per day, 5 days per week) of Tai Chi (n=124) or self-paced walking (n=121), or control group (n=129) at area level. Body weight, fat and lean mass, waist circumference, blood pressure and regional BMD, as well as the fasting blood samples were obtained at the beginning and end of trial. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides were analyzed. Results: On average, Tai Chi and walking groups lost 0.50 and 0.76 kg of body weight, 0.47 and 0.59 kg of fat mass, respectively (all p<0.001). No significant changes were observed for lean mass and BMD. Two intervention groups had significant improvements in waist circumference and FBG. The between-group difference of waist circumference and FBG was -3.7 cm and -0.18 mmol/L for Tai Chi vs. control; and -4.1 cm and -0.22 mmol/L for walking vs. control (all p<0.001). No significant differences were observed regarding blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides compared to control (all p>0.05). The effects on all outcomes between Tai Chi and walking were similar (all p>0.05). Among intervention groups, change in lean mass, not fat mass or total weight loss, was significantly correlated to the change in BMD. Conclusions: 12-week Tai Chi and walking exercises can produce moderate weight loss and improve the waist circumference and FBG in middle-aged Hong Kong Chinese people, with no additional effects on BMD.

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Osteocalcin Is Independently Associated with C-Reactive Protein during Lifestyle-Induced Weight Loss in Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11080526 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 526

Author(s):

Silke Zimmermann ◽

Maria Beatriz Walter Costa ◽

Akash Mathew ◽

Shruthi Krishnan ◽

Jochen G. Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Serum Osteocalcin ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Reactive Protein

Bone-derived osteocalcin has been suggested to be a metabolic regulator. To scrutinize the relation between osteocalcin and peripheral insulin sensitivity, we analyzed changes in serum osteocalcin relative to changes in insulin sensitivity, low-grade inflammation, and bone mineral density following lifestyle-induced weight loss in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Participants with MetS were randomized to a weight loss program or to a control group. Before and after the 6-month intervention period, clinical and laboratory parameters and serum osteocalcin levels were determined. Changes in body composition were analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In participants of the intervention group, weight loss resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and amelioration of inflammation. Increased serum levels of osteocalcin correlated inversely with BMI (r = −0.63; p< 0.001), total fat mass (r = −0.58, p < 0.001), total lean mass (r = −0.45, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = −0.37; p < 0.01), insulin (r = −0.4; p < 0.001), leptin (r = −0.53; p < 0.001), triglycerides (r = −0.42; p < 0.001), and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) (r = −0.52; p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that osteocalcin was independently associated with changes in CRP but not with changes in insulin concentration, fat mass, or bone mineral density, suggesting that weight loss-induced higher serum osteocalcin is primarily associated with reduced inflammation.

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Association between bone mineral density, lean mass, and fat mass among healthy middle-aged premenopausal women: a cross-sectional study in southern Sri Lanka

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism ◽

10.1007/s00774-008-0006-x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 83-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sarath Lekamwasam ◽

Thilak Weerarathna ◽

Mahinda Rodrigo ◽

Wasantha Kodikara Arachchi ◽

Duminda Munidasa

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional

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Influence of clenbuterol on bone metabolism in exercised or sedentary rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00472.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 93 (6) ◽

pp. 2034-2037 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H. Cavalié ◽

G. Lac ◽

P. Lebecque ◽

B. Chanteranne ◽

M.-J. Davicco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Strength Training ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Training Exercise

This paper reports that the selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist clenbuterol affects bone metabolism in growing 3-mo-old male Wistar rats treated over 8 wk. Thirty-two 3-mo-old growing Wistar rats weighing 234 ± 2 g were assigned to a progressive isometric force, strength-training exercise program plus oral clenbuterol (2 mg · kg body wt−1 · day−1) for 5 days each week, exercise program without clenbuterol 5 days each week, no exercise program plus oral clenbuterol (2 mg · kg−1 · day−1) for 5 days each week, or no exercise without clenbuterol 5 days each week. At the end of 8 wk, lean mass, fat mass, and right total femoral, distal metaphyseal femoral, and diaphyseal femoral bone mineral density were measured by Hologic QDR 4500 dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) technique. Left femoral bones were harvested after death on day 58, and femoral resistance was determined by three-point bending testing. We found that fat mass was decreased in rats given strength training exercise and decreased further in rats treated with clenbuterol. Lean mass was increased in clenbuterol-treated animals. Strength-training exercise appeared to have no effect on bone mineral density, serum osteocalcin, or urinary deoxypyridinoline. However, clenbuterol treatment decreased femoral length, diameter, bone mineral density, and mechanical resistance. Clenbuterol had no effect on osteocalcin but increased urinary deoxypyridinoline. We concluded that clenbuterol treatment decreased bone mineral density and increased bone resorption independent of the level of exercise rats were given.

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