scholarly journals The Effects of Controlled Drainage on N Concentration and Loss in Paddy Field

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bin Lu ◽  
Guangcheng Shao ◽  
Shuang’en Yu ◽  
Shiqiang Wu ◽  
Xinghua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Paddy Water ◽  
Waterlogged Condition ◽  
N Concentration

To relieve the situation of the agricultural nonpoint pollution (NPS) in south and east China, paddy field controlled drainage (PFCD) is applied as an important and efficient approach to agricultural water management. A series of PFCD tests at four major growth stages of rice were conducted by use of 18 lysimeters. Concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) in surface and subsurface paddy water was observed. The results indicated that the concentration ofNH4+-N andNO3--N in paddy water declined with the persistence of a waterlogged condition. Compared to traditional drainage, PFCD reduced N loss in surface water by 95.6%, 78.7%, 59.6%, and 87.4% at the stage of tillering, jointing-booting, heading-flowering, and milking, respectively. It should be noted that loads of N losses in surface water increased on the fourth day after waterlogging at the jointing-booting and milking stage, and surface water exhibited higher N concentration on the first day after waterlogging at each stage. Therefore, paddy field surface water drainage should be avoided in these periods.

scholarly journals Potential of Controlled Irrigation and Drainage for Reducing Nitrogen Emission from Rice Paddies in Southern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-cheng Shao ◽  
Ming-hui Wang ◽  
Shuang-en Yu ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Meng-hua Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Nitrogen Emission ◽  
Controlled Irrigation ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Drying Technology

The effect of controlled irrigation and drainage (CID) at different growth stages of rice on nitrogen (N) from rice paddy was studied. Submergence at different stages was imposed in specially designed experimental tanks in 2009 and 2010 based on alternate wetting and drying technology (AWD, the control, CK). Treatments include CID treatment at tiller stage (T1), jointing-booting stage (T2), panicle initiation stage (T3), and milky stage (T4). Results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the concentration ofNH4+-N and TN in surface water but had a little influence onNO3--N. The concentrations ofNH4+-N andNO3--N in surface water increased at first and then decreased after fertilization, while the concentrations ofNH4+-N and TN in groundwater kept on being relatively stable. Compared to CK, CID significantly increased the concentration ofNH4+-N in surface water at four stages. However, it reduced the concentration ofNO3--N. Consistent with the reduction of drainage, CID at four stages could significantly decrease the amount ofNH4+-N andNO3--N losses by runoff in relation to CK.

scholarly journals Coal Fly Ash and Polyacrylamide Influence Transport and Redistribution of Soil Nitrogen in a Sandy Sloping Land

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Kai Yang ◽  
Zejun Tang ◽  
Jianzhang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Application Rates

Sandy soils are prone to nutrient losses, and consequently do not have as much as agricultural productivity as other soils. In this study, coal fly ash (CFA) and anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) granules were used as a sandy soil amendment. The two additives were incorporated to the sandy soil layer (depth of 0.2 m, slope gradient of 10°) at three CFA dosages and two PAM dosages. Urea was applied uniformly onto the low-nitrogen (N) soil surface prior to the simulated rainfall experiment (rainfall intensity of 1.5 mm/min). The results showed that compared with no addition of CFA and PAM, the addition of CFA and/or PAM caused some increases in the cumulative NO3−-N and NH4+-N losses with surface runoff; when the rainfall event ended, 15% CFA alone treatment and 0.01–0.02% PAM alone treatment resulted in small but significant increases in the cumulative runoff-associated NO3−-N concentration (p < 0.05), meanwhile 10% CFA + 0.01% PAM treatment and 15% CFA alone treatment resulted in nonsignificant small increases in the cumulative runoff-associated NH4+-N concentration (p > 0.05). After the rainfall event, both CFA and PAM alone treatments increased the concentrations of NO3−-N and NH4+-N retained in the sandy soil layer compared with the unamended soil. As the CFA and PAM co-application rates increased, the additive effect of CFA and PAM on improving the nutrient retention of sandy soil increased.

scholarly journals Impact of Controlled Drainage and Subirrigation on Water Quality in the Red River Valley

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Kristen Almen ◽  
Xinhua Jia ◽  
Thomas DeSutter ◽  
Thomas Scherer ◽  
Minglian Lin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Red River ◽  
Nutrient Loss ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Red River Valley ◽  
The Impact

The potential impact of controlled drainage (CD), which limits drainage outflow, and subirrigation (SI), which provides supplemental water through drain tile, on surface water quality are not well known in the Red River Valley (RRV). In this study, water samples were collected and analyzed for chemical concentrations from a tile-drained field that also has controlled drainage and subirrigation modes in the RRV of southeastern North Dakota from 2012–2018. A decreasing trend in overall nutrient load loss was observed because of reduced drainage outflow, though some chemical concentrations were found to be above the recommended surface water quality standards in this region. For example, sulfate was recommended to be below 750 mg/L but was reported at a mean value of 1971 mg/L during spring free drainage. The chemical composition of the subirrigation water was shown to have an impact on drainage water and the soil, specifically on salinity-related parameters, and the impact varied between years. This variation largely depended on the amount of subirrigation applied, soil moisture, and soil properties. Overall, the results of this study show the benefits of controlled drainage on nutrient loss reduction from agricultural fields.

An open source high-performance solution to extract surface water drainage networks from diverse terrain conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence V. Stanislawski ◽  
Kornelijus Survila ◽  
Jeffrey Wendel ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Barbara P. Buttenfield
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Open Source ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Drainage Networks

scholarly journals Modelling the effects of changing climate and nitrogen deposition on nitrate dynamics in a Scottish mountain catchment

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Futter ◽  
R. C. Helliwell ◽  
M. Hutchins ◽  
J. Aherne
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Mountain Lake ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Mountain Catchment ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Historical Levels

The effect of changing climate and N deposition on montane ecosystems is a topic of considerable importance. Mountains are vulnerable environments and their ecosystems are often in a delicate balance. An application of the INCA-N model is presented to simulate current-day nitrate dynamics in a Scottish mountain lake and to project the possible future effects of climate change and reductions in N deposition on lake nitrate concentration ([NO3−]). The INCA-N model is calibrated using data from 1996–2006 in an attempt to determine the controls on [NO3−] in Lochnagar and process sensitivities to changing climate. Predictions were sensitive to hydrologic, vegetation-related and in-soil processes. Over the longer term, surface water [NO3−] in this mountain ecosystem is expected to increase. From 2020 to 2100, when N deposition is modelled at a constant rate, warmer temperature exerts a stronger effect on N losses to the lake surface than the N deposition. While the effects of a warming climate are projected to lead to increased surface water [NO3−], concentrations are not projected to either return to, or exceed, historical levels.

scholarly journals Wastewater treatment in submerged aerated biofilter under condition of high ammonium concentration

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Pawęska ◽  
Aleksandra Bawiec ◽  
Krzysztof Pulikowski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
Biogenic Compounds ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Abstract Treatment of wastewater produced in Service Areas (SA) located on expressways and highways is a worldwide problem because of increasing amount of roads and specific composition of those kinds of sewage. Insufficient removal of pollutants from wastewater discharged into surface water may cause serious environmental problems. In the present study efficiency of treatment of wastewater with high ammonium concentration in biological membrane system used on SA was investigated. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater flowing into bioreactor in none of the tested objects did not fall below 99.0 mg of N-NH4·dm−3. Because of high ammonium content in sewage and high pH reaching value about 9, it is almost impossible to create favorable conditions for microorganisms that run purification processes resulting in low efficiency of phosphorus and nitrogen removal (reduction of biogenic compounds did not exceed 15%). Treatment of wastewater consisting mainly of urine with commonly used biological membrane technology has to be widely tested to perform suitable quality of discharged wastewater, to provide safety of surface water environment.

scholarly journals DISCUSSION. RESEARCH ON SURFACE - WATER DRAINAGE.

1964 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-612
Author(s):  
H J B HARDING ◽  
P ACKERS ◽  
L B ESCRITT ◽  
A J M HARRISON ◽  
D J HOLLAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Drainage

scholarly journals Investigation of pesticide residues in surface water in some areas of agricultural production at Ho Chi Minh city

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
Phu Ly Sy Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Duc Do ◽  
Hien Thi To
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Residual levels of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in surface water in some agricultural areas at Ho Chi Minh City were investigated in 2012. Four organophosphorus pesticides including Malathion, Parathion, Ethion and Trithion and seven organochlorine pesticides including Alpha - HCH, beta-HCH, gammaHCH, aldrin, Heptachlor – epoxide, AlphaEndosulfan and Endosulfan-sulfate were determined in the surface water in four dicstricts : Binh Chanh, Hoc Mon, Cu Chi and Binh Tan using gas chromatographic method with electron capture detector (GCECD). The results showed that residues of pesticide were found with high concentrations in surface water in agricultural areas and pesticide residues changed depending on growth stages of crops. The concentration and distribution of pesticides were different in the water samples at different sites. Residues of pesticides such as Parathion, Ethion and Trithion were detected in surface water although these chemicals had been banned.

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