scholarly journals The Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan Products Blended with Monoterpenes and Their Biofilms against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. I. Badawy ◽  
Entsar I. Rabea ◽  
Nehad E. M. Taktak ◽  
Mahmoud A. M. El-Nouby

This study focuses on the biological activities of eleven chitosan products with a viscosity-average molecular weight ranging from 22 to 846 kDa in combination with the most active monoterpenes (geraniol and thymol), out of 10 tested, against four plant pathogenic bacteria,Agrobacterium tumefaciens,Erwinia carotovora,Corynebacterium fascians, andPseudomonas solanacearum. The antibacterial activity was evaluatedin vitroby the agar dilution technique as a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) that was found to be dependent on the type of the microorganism tested. The most active product of chitosan was used for biofilm production enriched with geraniol and thymol (0.1 and 0.5%) and the films were also evaluated against the tested bacteria. The biological bioactivities summarized here may provide novel insights into the functions of chitosan and some monoterpenes and potentially allow their use for food protection from microbial attack.

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (34) ◽  
pp. 6829-6834, ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Ke ◽  
Fan Jieyu ◽  
Shi Guanying ◽  
Zhang Xingang ◽  
Zhao Haoyu ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
Ahmad khadem HACHIM ◽  
Rashid Rahim HATEET ◽  
Tawfik Muhammad MUHSIN

The purpose of the present work aimed at exploring the potential biochemical components and biological activities of an organic extract of the white truffle Tirmania nivea collected from the Iraqi desert, then test the organic extract against the Cytotoxicity on Human Larynx carcinoma cells and selected strains of pathogenic bacteria. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC/MSS were used to analyze mycochemical compositions. The antibacterial activity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was investigated using a disk diffusion agar method. The truffle extract's cytotoxicity effect against the larynx cell line (Hep-2) was assessed by the MTT assay (in vitro). FTIR results provided the presence of phenol, carboxylic acid, and alkane's functional group, The GC-MS analysis of T. nivea disclose the existence of nineteen compounds that can contribute to the pharmaceutical properties of the truffle. As for antibacterial activity result, A growth inhibition activity of truffle extract at (18-40 mm inhibition zones) against the tested pathogenic bacterial strains was detected, which minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 3.12 to 6.25 mg/mL for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) Respectively. The results of cytotoxicity shown that the organic truffle extract exhibited a high inhibitory rate (52.685%) against cell line (Hep-2) at a concentration of 1.56 ?g/mL. In this work, the results showed that the organic extracts of T. nivea are very promising as cancer cytotoxicity and antibacterial agent for future medical applications.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waranyoo Phoolcharoen ◽  
Sireerat Sooampon ◽  
Boonchoo Sritularak ◽  
Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid ◽  
Jintakorn Kuvatanasuchati ◽  
...  

Oxyresveratrol, a compound in the heartwood of Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb and other medicinal plants, has been shown to have various biological activities. However, these have not been studied in periodontal research. In this study, we investigated whether oxyresveratrol has antibacterial activity against the predominant perio-pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory properties of oxyresveratrol were studied in LPS-stimulated human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells. The antibacterial activity of oxyresveratrol on P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans was initially evaluated using a disc diffusion test. The anti-bacterial strength of oxyresveratrol was then assessed in vitro by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC). Furthermore, the effects of oxyresveratrol on the LPS-induced production of inflammatory mediators were measured in hPDL cells. The levels of cytokine mRNA and protein expression were determined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Our results showed that oxyresveratrol exhibited antibacterial activities against P. gingivalis with MIC and MBC values of 0.07 mg/mL and 0.16 mg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MBC values against A. actinomycetemcomitans were 0.08 mg/mL and 0.16 mg/mL, respectively. When examining inflammatory stimulation, LPS treatment strongly induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in hPDL cells. However, pre-treatment with oxyresveratrol significantly inhibited the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 at both the mRNA and protein levels. The IL-1β mRNA level was suppressed by oxyresveratrol, but the level of secreted IL-1β protein was not detectable using ELISA. The results of the present study indicate that oxyresveratrol is a potential candidate for use as an anti-periodontitis agent because of its anti-bacterial activity against the main oral pathogens related to periodontal disease and its anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated hPDL cells.


1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Lim ◽  
J. L. Lockwood

The motile plant pathogenic bacteria Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris were strongly attracted to conidia of Bipolaris sorokiniana, B. victoriae, and to sclerotia of Macrophomina phaseolina and their exudates in vitro and in soil, but not to phosphate buffer or buffer–soil mixtures. Bacteria accumulated radioactivity within 1 h after being placed in exudates from 14C-labelled conidia of B. sorokiniana. After 5 h, radioactivity of the 14C-labelled exudate was reduced to 29–54% of that in the original medium. Exudates from fungal propagules may act as attractants and substrates for motile plant pathogenic bacteria in soil.


2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. Rabea ◽  
W. Steurbaut

The antimicrobial activity of eight chemically modified chitosans against plant pathogenic bacteria of crown gall disease Agrobacterium tumefaciens and soft mould disease Erwinia carotovora and fungi of early blight disease Alternaria alternata, root rot disease Fusarium oxysporum, and damping off disease Pythium debaryanum was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these compounds against the tested bacteria showed that N-(o,o-dichlorobenzyl)chitosan exhibited a high activity against A. tumefaciens and E. carotovora (MIC = 500 and 480 mg/l, respectively). In addition, the antifungal behaviour was investigated in vitro on mycelial growth and spore germination. N-(p-fluorobenzyl)chitosan was the most active against the mycelial growth of A. alternata with an EC<sub>50</sub> of 703.4 mg/l, while the N-(o-chloro,o-fluorobenzyl)chitosan exhibited a high activity against F. oxysporum and P. debaryanum (EC<sub>50</sub> = 641.2 and 155.7 mg/l, respectively). Against the fungal spore germination, all modified chitosans showed a higher inhibition of spore germination than unmodified chitosan. The compound of N-(o,o-di fluorobenzyl)chitosan exhibited a high inhibition percentage against A. alternata. However, N-(o-chlorobenzyl)chitosan and N-(p-chlorobenzyl)chitosan were significantly highly active against the spore germination of F. oxysporum.


2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Popovic ◽  
Zoran Milicevic ◽  
Violeta Oro ◽  
Igor Kostic ◽  
Vesela Radovic ◽  
...  

Numerous scientific research studies all over the world have addressed the problem of agriculture in the 21st century as being particularly sensitive to climate change, which has caused phytopathogenic bacteria to spread. Therefore, there is a clear and urgent need to contain this kind of risk in agricultural production (both conventional and organic farming). The objective of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of 30 essential oils (EOs) against three harmful plant pathogenic bacteria of agricultural importance, Erwinia amylovora, Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. The study included in vitro testing, using an agar-diffusion assay. The EOs of Ceylon cinnamon (leaf and bark), oregano, clove bud and palmarosa revealed antibacterial activity against the test bacteria, and the maximum mean inhibition zone diameters of 35 mm was found against E. amylovora and X. campestris pv. campestris (highly sensitive reaction), while it was smaller in the case of P. syringae pv. syringae, from 18.25-26.25 mm (sensitive to very sensitive reaction). Maximum diameter of the zone of inhibition (35 mm) was obtained using basil and peppermint against E. amylovora, and rosemary, blue gum and camphor tree against X. campestris pv. campestris. Not a single EO inhibited P. syringae pv. syringae with the resulting total diameter zone of 35 mm, and this test bacteria was resultingly classified as the least susceptible bacterium of the three tested. EOs of lemongrass, aniseed, ylang ylang, silver fir, lemon, dwarf mountain pine, bay laurel and scots pine caused sensitive reaction of the tested bacteria. Peppermint, black cumin, Indian frankincense, bergamot orange, common juniper, bitter orange and neem produced variable reactions from total to weakly or no inhibition at all. Weakly activity was found in niaouli and Atlas cedar. Eastern red cedar, patchouli, Indian sandalwood and ginger caused no reaction of any of the test bacteria. The results offer a basis for further work based on in vivo testing for the purpose of developing ?natural pesticides? for control of phytopathogenic bacteria, thus giving a significant contribution to reducing yield losses in agriculture and sustainable development.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
Undarmaa Davaasambuu ◽  
Narantsatsralt Davaadorj

We tested the extracts from plants growing in Mongolia, such as Chelidonium majus, Artemisia annua L, and Hyoscyamus niger L, against bacterial angular spot plant disease, which is the most common and harmful in the greenhouses of Mongolia to determine a bactericidal activity of these plants in vitro on plant pathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas.syringae The extracts of selected plants were used at  0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0,15.0  mg/ml concentrates against plant pathogenic P.syringae bacteria, among them 0.3, 0.6 mg/ml concentrates did not show the zones of growth inhibition (ZGI). The zones of growth inhibition were observed at 1.2 mg/ml; it  considered as  minimum inhibition concentrate (MIC).  The extract of Chelidonium majus, at MIC 1.2 mg/ml concentrate, the zones of growth inhibition  9±0.58mm, at 15 mg/ml concentrate 18.6±0.33mm; the extract of Artemisia annua L, at MIC 1.2 mg/ml concentrate, 7.3±0.33 mm, at 15 mg/ml concentrate 17.6±0.33mm, and the extract of Hyoscyamus niger L, at MIC 1.2 mg/ml concentrate,     7.3±0.33 mm, at 15 mg/ml concentrate 17.6±0.33mm were observed respectively.  Antibacterial activity of the extract of Chelidonium majus, 55.1-107.8%, the extract of Artemisia annua L 44.89-97.94%, and the extract of Hyoscyamus niger L 36.74-90.42%   against plant pathogenic bacteria, P.syringae be compared to a positive control (Kanamycin) estimated. Among these plant extracts, the highest antibacterial activity found at 5-15 mg/ml concentrates of the extract of Chelidonium majus, which was over than standard solution (Kanamycin). Ургамлын пестицид шинж чанарын судалгаа; фитопатоген Pseudomonas.syringae бактерийн эсрэг идэвхиийг тодорхойлсон дүн Монгол орны уугууль эмт шинж чанар бүхий тарималжсан их шүүдэргэнэ(Chelidonium majus), байгалийн морин шарилж (Artemisia annua L), хар лантанз (Hyoscyamus niger L) зэрэг ургамлаас өтгөн ханд бэлтгэж, фитопатоген Pseudomonas.syringae бактерийн эсрэг туршиж, пестицид (бактерицид) шинж чанарыг судлав. Ургамлуудын хандыг 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0,15.0  мг/мл концентрацитайгаар тус тус авч фитопатоген P.syringae бактерийн эсрэг туршихад, 1.2 мг/мл концентрациас эхлэн мэдэгдэхүйц зоныг үүсгэсэн нь энэхүү бактерийн эсрэг идэвхитэй хамгийн бага концентраци болохыг тодорхойлов. Их шүүдэргэнэ ургамлын ханд нь хамгийн бага идэвхтэй 1.2 мг/мл концентрацидаа 9±0.58 мм, хамгийн их 15 мг/мл-дээ 18.6±0.33мм, Морин шарилж ургамлын ханд нь хамгийн бага идэвхтэй 1.2 мг/мл концентрацидаа 7.3±0.33 мм, хамгийн их 15 мг/мл-дээ 17.6±0.33мм, харин Хар лантанз ургамлын ханд нь хамгийн бага идэвхтэй 1.2 мг/мл концентрацидаа 7.3±0.33 мм, хамгийн их 15 мг/мл-дээ 17.6±0.33мм зоныг тус тус үүсгэсэнээс үзэхэд эдгээр ургамлуудын ханд нь энэхүү фитопатоген бактерийг дарангуйлах өндөр идэвхитэй  байна. Их шүүдэргэнэ ургамлын ханд нь эерэг хяналттай харьцуулахад 55.1-107.8%, морин шарилжийн ханд 44.89-97.94% , хар лантанз ургамлын ханд нь 36.74-90.42% зэрэг бактерийн өнцгөн толбожилт өвчнийг үүсгэдэг P.syringae бактерийг эсрэг идэвхийг үзүүлснээс их шүүдэргэнэ ургамлын ханд нь дарангуйлах шинж чанарын хувьд эерэг хяналтаас давсан өндөр үр дүнг үзүүлэв.  Түлхүүр үг: ургамлын ханд,  пестицид (бактерицид) шинж чанар, in vitro, фитопатоген бактери


2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E.I. Badawy ◽  
S.A.M. Abdelgaleil ◽  
T. Suganuma ◽  
M. Fuji

Five pseudoguaianolide sesquiterpenes (neoambrosin, damsinic acid, damsin, ambrosin, and hymenin) isolated from the aerial parts of Ambrosia maritima were tested for their antibacterial activity against two plant pathogenic bacteria, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Erwinia carotovora. The tested compounds exhibited variable degree of antibacterial activity against both tested bacteria as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranged 90&ndash;520 mg/l. Neoambrosin showed the highest antibacterial activity among the tested sesquiterpenes with MIC values of 150 and 90 mg/l against A. tumefaciens and E. carotovora, respectively. On the contrary, hymenin was the least effective compound with MIC values of 520 and 310 mg/l against A. tumefaciens and E. carotovora, respectively. Neoambrosin, damsinic acid, and damsin caused significant reduction in sulfhydryl group content with the former being the most effective. The tested sesquiterpenes significantly inhibited polygalacturonase and pectin-lyase activities of A. tumefaciens and E. carotovora except for hymenin which caused a significant activation of E. carotovora enzymes. &nbsp;


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Schollenberger ◽  
Tomasz M. Staniek ◽  
Elżbieta Paduch-Cichal ◽  
Beata Dasiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur ◽  
...  

Plant essential oils of six aromatic herb species and interspecies hybrids of the family Lamiaceae – chocolate mint (Mentha piperita × ‘Chocolate’), pineapple mint (Mentha suaveolens ‘Variegata’), apple mint (Mentha × rotundifolia), spearmint (Mentha spicata), orange mint (Mentha × piperita ‘Granada’) and strawberry mint (Mentha × villosa ‘Strawberry’) – were investigated for antimicrobial effects against plant pathogenic bacteria: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina. The screening was carried out in vitro on agar plates filled with the target organism. All essential oils screened exhibited a higher level of antibacterial activity against A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina than streptomycin used as a standard in all tests. The antimicrobial effect of streptomycin and five mint oils was at the same level for P. syringae pv. syringae. There were no significant differences in the influence of the chocolate mint oil on the growth inhibition of all bacteria tested. Plant essential oils from pineapple mint, apple mint, spearmint and strawberry mint showed the weakest antimicrobial activity against P. syringae pv. syringae and the strongest towards A. tumefaciens and X. arboricola pv. corylina. The essential oils from strawberry mint, pineapple mint, spearmint and apple mint had the strongest effect on A. tumefaciens, and the lowest inhibitory activity was exhibited by the chocolate mint and orange mint essential oils. X. arboricola pv. corylina was the most sensitive to the strawberry mint, pineapple mint and spearmint oils. The chocolate mint oil showed the greatest activity against P. syringae pv. syringae.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3253
Author(s):  
Clarisse Roblin ◽  
Steve Chiumento ◽  
Cédric Jacqueline ◽  
Eric Pinloche ◽  
Cendrine Nicoletti ◽  
...  

The world is on the verge of a major antibiotic crisis as the emergence of resistant bacteria is increasing, and very few novel molecules have been discovered since the 1960s. In this context, scientists have been exploring alternatives to conventional antibiotics, such as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Interestingly, the highly potent in vitro antibacterial activity and safety of ruminococcin C1, a recently discovered RiPP belonging to the sactipeptide subclass, has been demonstrated. The present results show that ruminococcin C1 is efficient at curing infection and at protecting challenged mice from Clostridium perfringens with a lower dose than the conventional antibiotic vancomycin. Moreover, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is also effective against this pathogen in the complex microbial community of the gut environment, with a selective impact on a few bacterial genera, while maintaining a global homeostasis of the microbiome. In addition, ruminococcin C1 exhibits other biological activities that could be beneficial for human health, as well as other fields of applications. Overall, this study, by using an in vivo infection approach, confirms the antimicrobial clinical potential and highlights the multiple functional properties of ruminococcin C1, thus extending its therapeutic interest.


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