scholarly journals Traditional Therapies Used to Manage Diabetes and Related Complications in Mauritius: A Comparative Ethnoreligious Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fawzi Mahomoodally ◽  
A. Mootoosamy ◽  
S. Wambugu
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Cultural Importance Index ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Religious communities from Mauritius still rely on traditional therapies (TT) for primary healthcare. Nonetheless, there is still a dearth of scientific information on TT used by the different religious groups to manage diabetes and related complications (DRC). This study aimed to gather ethnomedicinal knowledge on TT used by the different religious groups against DRC. Diabetic patients (n=95) and traditional healers (n=5) were interviewed. Fifty-two plant species belonging to 33 families and 26 polyherbal formulations were documented to manage DRC. The most reported DRC was hypertension (n=36). Leaves (45.2%) and juice (36%) were the most cited mode of preparation of herbal recipes. Plants which scored high relative frequency of citation wereCitrus aurantifolia(0.55) andMorinda citrifolia(0.54). The cultural importance index showed thatOcimum tenuiflorum,Cardiospermum halicacabum,Camellia sinensis,andOphiopogon japonicaswere the most culturally important plants among Hindu, Muslim, Christian, and Buddhist community, respectively. Hindu and Muslim community showed the highest similarity of medicinal plants usage (Jaccard index = 95.8). Seven animal species distributed over 4 classes were recorded for the management of DRC. Plants and animals recorded as TT should be submitted to scientific studies to confirm safety and efficacy in clinical practice and to identify pharmacologically active metabolites.

Identifying the Predictors of Self-Management Behaviors in Patients with Diabetes Based on Ecological Approach: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Davari ◽  
Hamed Rezakhani Moghaddam ◽  
Aghil Habibi Soola
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Management Behaviors

Background: Recognizing and promoting the factors that affect the self-management behaviors of diabetes leads to a reduction in the number of patients and an improvement in the quality of care. The ecological approach focuses on the nature of people's interactions with their physical and socio-cultural environments. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of self-management behaviors with a comprehensive approach in these patients. Methods: The Keywords were investigated in the relevant national and international databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Scientific Information Database, Magiran, and Iran Medex to obtain the articles published from 2009 to 2019. The search and article selection strategy was developed based on the Prisma checklist and was carried out in three steps. Results: Most studies have shown that personal factors had the highest prediction power for the self-management of diabetes. Then, the interpersonal factors, society and policy-making factors, and group and organization factors were most frequently reported predictors of self-management behaviors in diabetic patients. Conclusion: Self-management of diabetes is necessary for controlling it because 95% of care is done by the patient. When designing self-management interventions, factors based on the individual level that increasing self-management behaviors should be taken into account.

scholarly journals Ketamine—50 years in use: from anesthesia to rapid antidepressant effects and neurobiological mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-345
Author(s):  
Samuel Kohtala
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antidepressant Effects ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractOver the past 50 years, ketamine has solidified its position in both human and veterinary medicine as an important anesthetic with many uses. More recently, ketamine has been studied and used for several new indications, ranging from chronic pain to drug addiction and post-traumatic stress disorder. The discovery of the rapid-acting antidepressant effects of ketamine has resulted in a surge of interest towards understanding the precise mechanisms driving its effects. Indeed, ketamine may have had the largest impact for advancements in the research and treatment of psychiatric disorders in the past few decades. While intense research efforts have been aimed towards uncovering the molecular targets underlying ketamine’s effects in treating depression, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. These efforts are made more difficult by ketamine’s complex dose-dependent effects on molecular mechanisms, multiple pharmacologically active metabolites, and a mechanism of action associated with the facilitation of synaptic plasticity. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the different uses of ketamine, with an emphasis on examining ketamine’s rapid antidepressant effects spanning molecular, cellular, and network levels. Another focus of the review is to offer a perspective on studies related to the different doses of ketamine used in antidepressant research. Finally, the review discusses some of the latest hypotheses concerning ketamine’s action.

scholarly journals A Review of Terpenes from Marine-Derived Fungi: 2015–2019

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Jiang ◽  
Zhenger Wu ◽  
Heng Guo ◽  
Lan Liu ◽  
Senhua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Marine-derived fungi are a significant source of pharmacologically active metabolites with interesting structural properties, especially terpenoids with biological and chemical diversity. In the past five years, there has been a tremendous increase in the rate of new terpenoids from marine-derived fungi being discovered. In this updated review, we examine the chemical structures and bioactive properties of new terpenes from marine-derived fungi, and the biodiversity of these fungi from 2015 to 2019. A total of 140 research papers describing 471 new terpenoids of six groups (monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, sesterterpenes, triterpenes, and meroterpenes) from 133 marine fungal strains belonging to 34 genera were included. Among them, sesquiterpenes, meroterpenes, and diterpenes comprise the largest proportions of terpenes, and the fungi genera of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Trichoderma are the dominant producers of terpenoids. The majority of the marine-derived fungi are isolated from live marine matter: marine animals and aquatic plants (including mangrove plants and algae). Moreover, many terpenoids display various bioactivities, including cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, lethal toxicity, anti-inflammatory activity, enzyme inhibitor activity, etc. In our opinion, the chemical diversity and biological activities of these novel terpenoids will provide medical and chemical researchers with a plenty variety of promising lead compounds for the development of marine drugs.

Liquid-chromatographic procedure for simultaneous analysis for eight benzodiazepines in serum.

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2274-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
G L Lensmeyer ◽  
C Rajani ◽  
M A Evenson
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Gradient System ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Working Standard ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Chromatographic Procedure ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Abstract We describe an efficient extraction and liquid-chromatographic method for separating commonly encountered benzodiazepine drugs and their pharmacologically active metabolites. After a single extraction of the drugs from serum, chlordiazepoxide, demoxepam, N-desmethyl-chloriazepoxide, diazepam, N-desmethyldiazepam, N-desalkylflurazepam, oxazepam, and prazepam can be resolved and quantified by using a C18 reversed-phase "high-performance" column and a ternary-solvent gradient system. Three separate solutions [60 mmol/L ammonium acetate (pH 7.69), 60 mmol/L acetic acid (pH 2.8), and acetonitrile] were incorporated into a gradient mobile phase such that changes in pH and solvent composition occur. Complete chromatographic resolution of the benzodiazepines resulted, permitting quantification of all within 15 min. The standard curve is linear to at least 8 mg/L for each drug, and the detection limit for each was 0.05-0.10 mg/L. The day-to-day precision for both high and low concentrations yielded CVs of 5 to 9%. Extraction of each drug from serum was 95 to 100% complete. Exogenous and endogenous interferences are minimal. Finally, we circumvented the instability problem of benzodiazepine standards in solution by using a simple reduced-pressure drying process that produces a working standard that is stable for at least nine months.

Discovering Drugs Through Biological Transformation: Role of Pharmacologically Active Metabolites in Drug Discovery

ChemInform ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (44) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aberra Fura ◽  
Yue-Zhong Shu ◽  
Mingshe Zhu ◽  
Ronald L. Hanson ◽  
Vikram Roongta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Metabolism and metabolite profiles in vitro and in vivo of ospemifene in humans and preclinical species

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouko Uusitalo ◽  
Miia Turpeinen ◽  
Ari Tolonen ◽  
Pasi Koskimies ◽  
Risto Lammintausta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Preclinical Species ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

AbstractMetabolite profiles of ospemifene, a novel nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator, were surveyed as part of its development.The pharmacokinetics of ospemifene and its two major, pharmacologically active metabolites 4-hydroxyospemifene and 4′-hydroxyospemifene, was elucidated in studies of volunteer humans given various doses of ospemifene and in experiments of several animal species (rat, mouse, dog, and cynomolgus monkey), which had been used either for pharmacological or toxicological studies of ospemifene. Metabolites produced inConsiderable interspecies differences were observed in the metabolite profiles and quantities. The major human metabolite, 4-hydroxyospemifene, was produced in substantial amounts bothOverall, there are quantitative and also some qualitative differences in the metabolism of ospemifene in different species. Generally,

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