scholarly journals Precancerous Cervix in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Women Thirty Years Old and above in Northern Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Izudi ◽  
Norbert Adrawa ◽  
Dinah Amongin
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Precancerous Cervical Lesion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background. Little is known about precancerous cervical lesion (PCCL), the precursor of cervical cancer among Human Immunodeficiency (HIV) infected women in a postconflict setting of Northern Uganda.Objective. To establish factors associated with PCCL among HIV infected women above thirty years of age in a postconflict setting of Northern Uganda.Method. This retrospective cohort study used electronic data from 995 HIV-positive women that attended cervical cancer screening during June 2014 and December 2015. Data on social, sexual, obstetric, and gynecological factors was analyzed at 95% confidence level. Multivariate analysis determined factors independently associated with positive PCCL. Probability value less than 5% was considered significant.Results. Prevalence of PCCL was 3.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0–4.3). A positive PCCL was significantly associated with absence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) during clinic visits (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.64;P=0.004) and first pregnancy before the age of 20 years (aOR = 3.09; 95% CI: 1.21–7.89;P=0.018).Conclusion. The prevalence of PCCL was low in the postconflict setting of Northern Uganda. HIV-positive women presenting with STDs and those with first pregnancy before the age of 20 years were at increased risk of PCCL.

scholarly journals Identification of Genetic Variants of Human Papillomavirus in a Group of Mexican HIV/AIDS Patients and Their Possible Association with Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509
Author(s):  
FELIPE ORTIZ-GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
LILIA SÁNCHEZ-MINUTTI ◽  
JOSÉ F. MARTÍNEZ-HERRERA ◽  
INDIANA D. TORRES-ESCOBAR ◽  
ELIAS B. PEZZAT-SAID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) cause thousands of deaths worldwide each year. So far, there has been no consensus on whether there is a direct relationship between the incidence of neoplasms and the immunosuppression caused by HIV that could help understand if coinfection increases the likelihood of cervical cancer. The objective of the study was to identify the presence of genetic variants of HPV in a group of HIV-positive women and their possible association with cervical cancer. Cervical samples were taken from HIV-positive patients for cytological analysis to identify the HPV genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The most preva¬lent L1 capsid protein mutations in the HPV genotype were ana¬lyzed in silico. Various types of HPV were identified, both high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR). The most prevalent genotype was HPV51. Analysis of the L1 gene sequences of HPV51 isolates showed nucleo¬tide variations. Of the samples analyzed in Puebla, Mexico, HPV51 had the highest incidence (17.5%, 7/40). Different mutations, which could be used as population markers, were detected in this area, and they have not been reported in the L1 databases for HPV51 in Mexico. Genotypes 6, 14, 86, 87, 89, and 91, not detected or reported in samples from patients with HPV in Mexico, were also identified. Data from the population analyzed suggest no direct relationship between HIV immunosuppression and cervical cancer, regardless of the high- or low-risk HPV genotype. Furthermore, it is possible to develop regional population markers for the detection of HPV based on the mutations that occur in the sequence of nucleotides analyzed.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Treponema Pallidum Infections in Nigerian Patients with Leprosy

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
C M Nwosu ◽  
S N N Nwosu ◽  
K C Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Leprosy Patient ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Fifty-one patients were selected from 4 leprosaria in eastern Nigeria and were examined for evidence of syphilis. They were screened serologically for treponemal and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Information about their sexual behaviour and demographic data were obtained to determine the factors associated with increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STD). They were compared with 115 controls. The results showed that positive treponemal tests were more common in those patients living outside the leprosaria ( P<0.05). Age and sex of the patients living inside the leprosaria were not factors associated with treponemal infections. Leprosy appeared to be a factor for T. pallidum infection when compared with the control group ( P < 0.05; OR 476; CI 1.16,19.5). One leprosy patient and one control subject had positive HIV tests and there was no significant association between leprosy and HIV infection. These findings suggest the possibility of the spread of sexually transmitted diseases amongst the leprosy patient population. The importance with respect to control measures is that leprosy patients living outside leprosaria may constitute a potential reservoir for introducing sexually transmitted diseases into the leprosaria.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus type-specific risk of cervical cancer in a population with high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence: case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Naucler ◽  
Flora Mabota da Costa ◽  
Joao Leopoldo da Costa ◽  
Otto Ljungberg ◽  
Antonio Bugalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Cervical Cancer Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

There are limited data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific cervical cancer risk among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women. Previous studies have suggested that HPV 16 would be relatively less important as a causative agent among HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women. This study investigates HPV type-specific cervical cancer risk in a population in which HIV is endemic. At the Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique, 221 cervical cancer cases and 203 hospital-based controls were consecutively enrolled. HPV typing from cervical samples, HIV testing and recording of socio-demographic factors were performed. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess HPV type-specific risk and effect modification between HIV and HPV infection. Infection with HPV 16, 18 and ‘high-risk non-HPV 16/18 types’ (HPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59) was associated with cervical cancer in both crude and adjusted analyses. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common types detected in cancer biopsies among both HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. There was no significant evidence of effect modification between any HPV type and HIV infection, and there were no significant differences in the HPV type-specific prevalence when cervical cancers among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were compared. Within the limitations of the study, the relative importance of different HPV types in cervical carcinogenesis appears not to be modified greatly by HIV infection, suggesting that HPV vaccines might not need to be type-specifically modified to be suitable for populations where HIV is endemic.

scholarly journals Abnormal cervical cytology amongst women infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Limpopo province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Ntuli ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Linda Skaal ◽  
Mabina Mogale ◽  
Provia Lekota
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: Cervical cancer remains the major public problem worldwide and the most common gynaecological malignancy in the developing world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.Aim: To determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology amongst women with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and examine the association between HIV and histological grading.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo province, which is the northernmost province of South Africa. The province has five district municipalities with one tertiary, five regional and thirty four district hospitals.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cervical cancer cases in Limpopo province (LP) of South Africa, using data collected routinely by the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS). The data on smears submitted for cytology between 2013 and 2015 were extracted from the Central Data Warehouse (CDW) database.Results: A total of 84 466 women were screened for cervical cytology smears. Their mean age was 39.8 ± 13.6 years, with range from 15 to 113 years; 77.2% were in the age group 30 years and older and 19.6% had an abnormal cervical cytology result. Overall, 46.4% of the women screened for cervical cancer were HIV infected. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-positive women had abnormal cytology than HIV-negative women (31.8% vs. 9.2%).Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal cytology amongst HIV-positive women is relatively high, and the risk appears to be significantly greater in all age groups. This finding highlights the need to ascertain HIV status of all women presenting with cervical cancer.

scholarly journals A Decade of Cervical Cancer Screening: Trends of Incidence in Zambia (2007-2017)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 33s-33s ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Matambo ◽  
A. Manasyan ◽  
S. Kapambwe
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cervical Precancer

Background: Cervical cancer is a highly preventable disease and the major cause of cancer related illness and deaths in Africa. Cervical cancer screening to find precancers before becoming invasive cancer is a well-proven way to prevent cervical cancer. In Zambia alone, over 2000 cervical cancer cases are diagnosed each year accounting for over 30% of new cancer cases with a mortality of above 35%. Women access screening services regardless of HIV status as long as they are sexually active. Cervical cancer screening for HIV-positive women in Zambia remains low despite the high burden of the disease among this population. Aim: We aimed to determine the trends of incidence of cervical precancer lesions among women who ever presented for screening in Lusaka. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 95,520 women who presented for cervical cancer screening between 2007 and 2017 at 11 Lusaka district clinics that provide cervical cancer screening. Data were merged from these clinics and cleaned. Descriptive analyses and Logistic regression for data analysis was conducted. Results: The study showed that the mean age of screening among women that were HIV negative and HIV-positive was 34 years. About 12% of the women that screened had a positive VIA result from which 59% were HIV-positive. Results also showed the odds of 4 to be VIA positive when one is HIV-positive. Conclusion: We have data to show that there is an increased risk among HIV-positive women to be VIA positive in Zambia. HIV infected women should be targeted as priority for cervical cancer screening especially in the resource limited countries. Resources directed to HIV care programs in these settings should be leveraged and include cervical cancer screening.

HPV types, cervical high-grade lesions and risk factors for oncogenic human papillomavirus infection among 3416 Tanzanian women

2020 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2019-054263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bariki Lawrence Mchome ◽  
Susanne Krüger Kjaer ◽  
Rachel Manongi ◽  
Patricia Swai ◽  
Marianne Waldstroem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Quadrivalent Vaccine ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hpv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hiv Negative

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence and type-specific distribution of cervical high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) among women with normal and abnormal cytology, and to describe risk factors for HR HPV among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in Tanzania.MethodologyA cross-sectional study was conducted in existing cervical cancer screening clinics in Kilimanjaro and Dar es Salaam. Cervical specimens were obtained from women aged 25–60 years. Samples were shipped to Denmark for cytological examination, and to Germany for HR HPV testing (using Hybrid Capture 2) and genotyping (using LiPaExtra). Risk factors associated with HPV were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultAltogether, 4080 women were recruited with 3416 women contributing data for the present paper, including 609 HIV-positive women and 2807 HIV-negative women. The overall HR HPV prevalence was 18.9%, whereas the HR HPV prevalence in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) was 92.7%. Among HPV-positive women with HSIL, HPV16 (32.5%) and HPV58 (19.3%) were the the most common types followed by HPV18 (16.7%) and HPV52 (16.7%). Factors associated with HR HPV included younger age, increasing number of partners and early age at first intercourse. Similar risk factors were found among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. In addition, among HIV-positive women, those with CD4 counts <200 cells/mm3 had an increased risk of HR HPV (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.8) compared with individuals with CD4 count ≥500 cells/mm3.ConclusionGiven the HPV distribution among Tanzanian women, the current HPV vaccination in Tanzania using quadrivalent vaccine may be considered replaced by the nonavalent vaccine in the future. In addition, appropriate antiretroviral treatment management including monitoring of viremia may decrease the burden of HR HPV in HIV-positive women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document