Breakfast Protein Source Does Not Influence Postprandial Appetite Response and Food Intake in Normal Weight and Overweight Young Women

Breakfasts higher in protein lead to a greater reduction in hunger compared to breakfasts higher in carbohydrate. However, few studies have examined the impact of higher protein breakfasts with differing protein sources. Our objective was to determine if protein source (animal protein (AP) versus plant protein (PP)) influences postprandial metabolic response in participants consuming a high protein breakfast (~30% energy from protein). Normal weight (NW;n=12) and overweight women (OW;n=8) aging 18–36 were recruited to participate. Participants completed two visits in a randomized, cross-over design with one week between visits. Subjects had 15 minutes to consume each breakfast. Blood glucose and appetite were assessed at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 minutes postprandial. Participants kept a 24-hour dietary record for the duration of each test day. No difference was found between NW and OW participants or breakfasts for postprandial appetite responses. AP had a significantly lower glucose response at 30 minutes compared with PP (−11.6%; 127 ± 4 versus 112 ± 4 mg/dL;P<0.05) and a slower return to baseline. There was no difference in daily energy intake between breakfasts. These data suggest that protein source may influence postprandial glucose response without significantly impacting appetite response in breakfast consumers.

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Impact of overweight and glucose tolerance on postprandial responses to high- and low-glycaemic index meals

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510005477 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 105 (11) ◽

pp. 1627-1634 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mia-Maria Perälä ◽

Katja A. Hätönen ◽

Jarmo Virtamo ◽

Johan G. Eriksson ◽

Harri K. Sinkko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Glycaemic Index ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Physiological Characteristics ◽

Fasting State ◽

Lower Glucose ◽

Insulin Responses ◽

The Impact ◽

Overweight Subjects

The beneficial effects of a low-glycaemic index (GI) meal on postprandial glucose and insulin levels have been demonstrated. However, limited data are available on the impact of overweight and glucose tolerance on postprandial responses to different GI meals. Our aim was to study the effects of physiological characteristics on postprandial glucose, insulin and lipid responses and the relative glycaemic response (RGR) of a low-GI (LGI) and a high-GI (HGI) meal. We recruited twenty-four normal-weight and twenty-four overweight subjects, twelve with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and twelve with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in each group. Both test meals were consumed once and the glucose reference twice. Blood glucose and insulin were measured in the fasting state and over a 2 h period after each study meal, and TAG and NEFA were measured in the fasting state and over a 5 h period. The glucose responses of subjects with IGT differed significantly from those of subjects with NGT. The highest insulin responses to both meals were observed in overweight subjects with IGT. Physiological characteristics did not influence TAG or NEFA responses or the RGR of the meals. The LGI meal resulted in lower glucose (P < 0·001) and insulin (P < 0·001) responses, but higher TAG responses (P < 0·001), compared with the HGI meal. The GI of the meals did not affect the NEFA responses. In conclusion, the LGI meal causes lower glucose and insulin responses, but higher TAG responses, than the HGI meal. The RGR of the meals does not differ between normal-weight and overweight subjects with NGT or IGT.

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The Impact of Amino Acids on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Kinetics in Humans: A Quantitative Overview

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103211 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3211

Author(s):

Bart van Sloun ◽

Gijs H. Goossens ◽

Balazs Erdos ◽

Michael Lenz ◽

Natal van Riel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Insulin Kinetics ◽

Glucose Intake ◽

Acute Ingestion ◽

Branched Chain ◽

The Impact ◽

Healthy Participants

Different amino acids (AAs) may exert distinct effects on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. A quantitative comparison of the effects of AAs on glucose and insulin kinetics in humans is currently lacking. PubMed was queried to identify intervention studies reporting glucose and insulin concentrations after acute ingestion and/or intravenous infusion of AAs in healthy adults and those living with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The systematic literature search identified 55 studies that examined the effects of l-leucine, l-isoleucine, l-alanine, l-glutamine, l-arginine, l-lysine, glycine, l-proline, l-phenylalanine, l-glutamate, branched-chain AAs (i.e., l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine), and multiple individual l-AAs on glucose and insulin concentrations. Oral ingestion of most individual AAs induced an insulin response, but did not alter glucose concentrations in healthy participants. Specific AAs (i.e., leucine and isoleucine) co-ingested with glucose exerted a synergistic effect on the postprandial insulin response and attenuated the glucose response compared to glucose intake alone in healthy participants. Oral AA ingestion as well as intravenous AA infusion was able to stimulate an insulin response and decrease glucose concentrations in T2DM and obese individuals. The extracted information is publicly available and can serve multiple purposes such as computational modeling.

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Cereal B-Glucans: The Impact of Processing and How It Affects Physiological Responses

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081729 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1729 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Muriel Henrion ◽

Célia Francey ◽

Kim-Anne Lê ◽

Lisa Lamothe

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Health Impact ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Positive Health ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

The Impact

Cereal β-glucans are dietary fibres primarily found in oats and barley, and have several positive effects on health, including lowering the postprandial glucose response and the improvement of blood cholesterol levels. Cereal β-glucans have a specific combination of β-(1→4) and β-(1→3) linkages into linear long-chain polysaccharides of high molecular weight. Due to their particular structure, cereal β-glucans generate viscosity within the intestinal tract, which is thought to be the main mechanism of action responsible for their positive health effects. However, cereal grains are rarely consumed raw; at least one cooking step is generally required before they can be safely eaten. Cooking and processing methods more generally will modify the physicochemical characteristics of β-glucans, such as molecular weight, extractability and the resulting viscosity. Therefore, the health impact of β-glucans will depend not only on the dose administered, but also on the ways they are processed or converted into food products. This review aims at summarizing the different parameters that can affect β-glucans efficacy to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in humans.

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Effects of a beetroot juice with high neobetanin content on the early-phase insulin response in healthy volunteers

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2014.7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Peter C. Wootton-Beard ◽

Kirsten Brandt ◽

David Fell ◽

Sarah Warner ◽

Lisa Ryan

Keyword(s):

Early Phase ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Beetroot Juice ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Lower Glucose ◽

Phase 0 ◽

Phytochemical Constituents ◽

Insulin Responses ◽

Postprandial Insulin

AbstractProduce rich in phytochemicals may alter postprandial glucose and insulin responses by interacting with the pathways that regulate glucose uptake and insulin secretion in humans. The aims of the present study were to assess the phytochemical constituents of red beetroot juice and to measure the postprandial glucose and insulin responses elicited by either 225 ml beetroot juice (BEET), a control beverage matched for macronutrient content (MCON) or a glucose beverage in healthy adults. Beetroot juice was a particularly rich source of betalain degradation compounds. The orange/yellow pigment neobetanin was measured in particularly high quantities (providing 1·3 g in the 225 ml). A total of sixteen healthy individuals were recruited, and consumed the test meals in a controlled single-blind cross-over design. Results revealed a significant lowering of the postprandial insulin response in the early phase (0–60 min) (P < 0·05) and a significantly lower glucose response in the 0–30 min phase (P < 0·05) in the BEET treatment compared with MCON. Betalains, polyphenols and dietary nitrate found in the beetroot juice may each contribute to the observed differences in the postprandial insulin concentration.

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Precision Nutrition Model Predicts Glucose Control of Overweight Females following the Consumption of Potatoes High in Resistant Starch

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu14020268 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 268

Author(s):

Joy V. Nolte Fong ◽

Derek Miketinas ◽

Linda W. Moore ◽

Duc T. Nguyen ◽

Edward A. Graviss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistant Starch ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Dietary Records ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Trial Participants

Individual glycemic responses following dietary intake result from complex physiological processes, and can be influenced by physical properties of foods, such as increased resistant starch (RS) from starch retrogradation. Predictive equations are needed to provide personalized dietary recommendations to reduce chronic disease development. Therefore, a precision nutrition model predicting the postprandial glucose response (PPGR) in overweight women following the consumption of potatoes was formulated. Thirty overweight women participated in this randomized crossover trial. Participants consumed 250 g of hot (9.2 g RS) or cold (13.7 g RS) potatoes on two separate occasions. Baseline characteristics included demographics, 10-day dietary records, body composition, and the relative abundance (RA) and α-diversity of gut microbiota. Elastic net regression using 5-fold cross-validation predicted PPGR after potato intake. Most participants (70%) had a favorable PPGR to the cold potato. The model explained 32.2% of the variance in PPGR with the equation: 547.65 × (0 [if cold, high-RS potato], ×1, if hot, low-RS potato]) + (BMI [kg/m2] × 40.66)—(insoluble fiber [g] × 49.35) + (Bacteroides [RA] × 8.69)—(Faecalibacterium [RA] × 73.49)—(Parabacteroides [RA] × 42.08) + (α-diversity × 110.87) + 292.52. This model improves the understanding of baseline characteristics that explain interpersonal variation in PPGR following potato intake and offers a tool to optimize dietary recommendations for a commonly consumed food.

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Glucose Response during the Night Is Suppressed by Wheat Albumin in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11010187 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shinichiro Saito ◽

Sachiko Oishi ◽

Aiko Shudo ◽

Yoko Sugiura ◽

Koichi Yasunaga

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽

Evening Meal ◽

Double Blind ◽

Glucose Response

Postprandial blood glucose excursions are important for achieving optimal glycemic control. In normal-weight individuals, glucose tolerance is diminished in the evening compared to glucose tolerance in the morning. Wheat albumin (WA) has the potential to suppress the postprandial glucose response with a relatively small dose, compared to the dose required when using dietary fiber. In the present study, the effect of WA on glycemic control during the night was investigated after a late evening meal. A randomly assigned crossover trial involving a single oral ingestion in healthy male participants was performed in a double-blind placebo-controlled manner. The participants ingested the placebo (PL) tablets or the WA (1.5 g)-containing tablets 3 min before an evening meal at 22:00 hour, and blood samples were drawn during the night until 07:00 hour using an intravenous cannula. The participants slept from 00:30 hour to 06:30 hour. Glucose response, as a primary outcome during the night, was suppressed significantly by the WA treatment compared to the PL treatment, but the insulin response was not. Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentration during the night was lowered significantly by the WA treatment compared to the PL treatment. In conclusion, WA may be a useful food constituent for glycemic control during the night.

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Faecalibacterium predicts postprandial glucose control following potatoes in overweight females

10.21203/rs.3.rs-885610/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joy Nolte Fong ◽

Derek Miketinas ◽

Linda W. Moore ◽

Duc T. Nguyen ◽

Edward A. Graviss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Metabolic Outcomes ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Dietary Records ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Insoluble Fiber

Abstract Background: Individual glycemic responses following dietary intake result from complex physiological processes and can be influenced by physical properties of foods, such as increased resistant starch (RS) from retrogradation of starch upon cooling after cooking. Predictive equations are needed to provide personalized recommendations for those individuals most at risk for poor metabolic outcomes. Methods: Thirty overweight women with no comorbid conditions participated in this randomized crossover trial, in which the women consumed 250g of hot (9.2 g RS) or cold (13.7 g RS) potatoes. Baseline characteristics included demographics, 10-day dietary records, body composition, and the relative abundance (RA) and α-diversity of gut microbiota. Elastic net regression using 5-fold cross-validation predicted postprandial glucose response (PPGR; incremental AUC0-120min) following the potatoes. Results: Thirty participants (29.6 ± 6.0 yrs; BMI 32.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2) participated in this trial. Most women (70%) showed a favorable PPGR to the cold potato. The model explained 32.2% of the variance in iAUC0-120min glucose with the equation: 547.65 x (0 [if cold potato], x 1 [if hot potato]) + (BMI[kg/m2] x 40.66) - (insoluble fiber[g] x 49.35) + (Bacteroides[RA] x 8.69) - (Faecalibacterium[RA] x 73.49) - (Parabacteroides[RA] x 42.08) + (α-diversity x 110.87) + 292.52.Conclusion: This model improves understanding of baseline characteristics that explain interpersonal variation in PPGR following potato intake and offers a tool to optimize dietary recommendations for a commonly consumed food. Larger studies are warranted to expand generalizability and application of the equation. Trial Registration: The National Clinical Trials number is NCT03310476, and this study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov on Oct 16, 2017.

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Addition of Orange Pomace to 100% Orange Juice Attenuates Acute Glucose Response Compared to 100% Orange Juice but Not Whole Fruit in Healthy Adults (P08-080-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-080-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Eunyoung Park ◽

Gabriela Guzman ◽

Yujie Du ◽

Anqi Zhao ◽

Xuhuiqun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glucose Concentration ◽

Orange Juice ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

Glucose Response ◽

Orange Fruit ◽

Orange Pomace ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objectives Orange pomace (OP) is a byproduct of orange juice production and is a rich source of fiber. The goal of the present study was to determine the impact of the addition of OP to 100% orange juice (OJ) on the postprandial glycemic response compared to the glycemic response to a sugar matched OJ or whole orange fruit (WOF). Methods Forty-five healthy subjects (aged 25 ± 4 years, BMI 23 ± 2 kg m−2, mean ± SD) participated in a randomized, 3-arm, cross-over clinical trial to test the glycemic response to OJ, 250 g, OJ with 5 g fiber from OP added (OPF, 257 g total beverage weight or Navel variety whole orange (WOF, 227 g edible portion). The fiber level was chosen because it is similar to the amount found in sugar-matched weight of WOF. All 3 study products were matched for available carbohydrates (OJ/OPF/WOF, 19.3 g). Blood samples were collected and glucose and insulin concentrations were measured at fasting (0 min) and at multiple time points over 2 h after consuming study product. The primary end point was to assess and compare maximal glucose concentrations (Cmax) among study products. Results OPF and WOF significantly attenuated glucose Cmax compared to OJ (127.7 ± 1.9 and 125.1 ± 1.9 mg dL−1 vs. 136.1 ± 1.9 mg dL−1, respectively, P < 0.001). Insulin Cmax was significantly different among groups (OJ, 64.4 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1 vs. OPF, 54.6 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1 vs. WOF, 46.5 ± 5.0 μIU mL−1, P < 0.001). Time to reach maximal glucose concentration (T max) was delayed in OPF compared to OJ and WOF (35.3 ± 6 min vs. 30.3 ± 5.2 and 30.6 ± 4 min, respectively, P < 0.001). Analysis of the 2 h glucose incremental area under the curve (iAUC0–2 h) was not significantly different among treatments, P > 0.05. However, iAUC0–2 h for insulin was significantly different between OJ and OPF vs. WOF (1902 ± 199 and 1789 ± 199 μIU x min mL−1 vs. 986 ± 175 μIU x min mL−1, respectively, P < 0.001). Conclusions This study demonstrated that adding 5 g of fiber from OP into 250 g of OJ attenuated the primary endpoint of maximal postprandial glucose concentration and this response did not differ from whole orange fruit. Funding Sources PepsiCo, Inc.

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Body mass index and risk of all-cause mortality in normotensive and hypertensive adults: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021001592 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-25

Author(s):

Qionggui Zhou ◽

Xuejiao Liu ◽

Yang Zhao ◽

Pei Qin ◽

Yongcheng Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Moderation Effect ◽

Increased Risk ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Chinese Cohort ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective: The impact of baseline hypertension status on the BMI–mortality association is still unclear. We aimed to examine the moderation effect of hypertension on the BMI–mortality association using a rural Chinese cohort. Design: In this cohort study, we investigated the incident of mortality according to different BMI categories by hypertension status. Setting: Longitudinal population-based cohort Participants: 17,262 adults ≥18 years were recruited from July to August of 2013 and July to August of 2014 from a rural area in China. Results: During a median 6-year follow-up, we recorded 1109 deaths (610 with and 499 without hypertension). In adjusted models, as compared with BMI 22-24 kg/m2, with BMI ≤18, 18-20, 20-22, 24-26, 26-28, 28-30 and >30 kg/m2, the HRs (95% CI) for mortality in normotensive participants were 1.92 (1.23-3.00), 1.44 (1.01-2.05), 1.14 (0.82-1.58), 0.96 (0.70-1.31), 0.96 (0.65-1.43), 1.32 (0.81-2.14), and 1.32 (0.74-2.35) respectively, and in hypertensive participants were 1.85 (1.08-3.17), 1.67 (1.17-2.39), 1.29 (0.95-1.75), 1.20 (0.91-1.58), 1.10 (0.83-1.46), 1.10 (0.80-1.52), and 0.61 (0.40-0.94) respectively. The risk of mortality was lower in individuals with hypertension with overweight or obesity versus normal weight, especially in older hypertensives (≥60 years old). Sensitivity analyses gave consistent results for both normotensive and hypertensive participants. Conclusions: Low BMI was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality regardless of hypertension status in rural Chinese adults, but high BMI decreased the mortality risk among individuals with hypertension, especially in older hypertensives.

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Higher body mass index is associated with larger postoperative improvement in patient-reported outcomes following total knee arthroplasty

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04512-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

K Giesinger ◽

JM Giesinger ◽

DF Hamilton ◽

J Rechsteiner ◽

A Ladurner

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Pain Relief ◽

Body Mass ◽

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

Normal Weight ◽

World Health ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Total Knee ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Total knee arthroplasty is known to successfully alleviate pain and improve function in endstage knee osteoarthritis. However, there is some controversy with regard to the influence of obesity on clinical benefits after TKA. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on improvement in pain, function and general health status following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods A single-centre retrospective analysis of primary TKAs performed between 2006 and 2016 was performed. Data were collected preoperatively and 12-month postoperatively using WOMAC score and EQ-5D. Longitudinal score change was compared across the BMI categories identified by the World Health Organization. Results Data from 1565 patients [mean age 69.1, 62.2% women] were accessed. Weight distribution was: 21.2% BMI < 25.0 kg/m2, 36.9% BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2, 27.0% BMI 30.0–34.9 kg/m2, 10.2% BMI 35.0–39.9 kg/m2, and 4.6% BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2. All outcome measures improved between preoperative and 12-month follow-up (p < 0.001). In pairwise comparisons against normal weight patients, patients with class I-II obesity showed larger improvement on the WOMAC function and total score. For WOMAC pain improvements were larger for all three obesity classes. Conclusions Post-operative improvement in joint-specific outcomes was larger in obese patients compared to normal weight patients. These findings suggest that obese patients may have the greatest benefits from TKA with regard to function and pain relief one year post-op. Well balanced treatment decisions should fully account for both: Higher benefits in terms of pain relief and function as well as increased potential risks and complications. Trial registration This trial has been registered with the ethics committee of Eastern Switzerland (EKOS; Project-ID: EKOS 2020–00,879)

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