Atherogenic Risk Assessment among Persons Living in Rural Uganda

Background. Hypertension and dyslipidemia are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease and commonly coexist. Cardiovascular risk can be reliably predicted using lipid ratios such as the atherogenic index, a useful prognostic parameter for guiding timely interventions.Objective. We assessed the cardiovascular risk profile based on the atherogenic index of residents within a rural Ugandan cohort.Methods. In 2011, a population based survey was conducted among 7507 participants. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical measurements (blood pressure, weight, height, and waist and hip circumference), and blood sampling for nonfasting lipid profile were collected for each participant. Atherogenic risk profile, defined as logarithm base ten of (triglyceride divided by high density lipoprotein cholesterol), was categorised as low risk (<0.1), intermediate risk (0.1–0.24), and high risk (>0.24).Results. Fifty-five percent of participants were female and the mean age was 49.9 years (SD±20.2). Forty-two percent of participants had high and intermediate atherogenic risk. Persons with hypertension, untreated HIV infection, abnormal glycaemia, and obesity and living in less urbanised villages were more at risk.Conclusion. A significant proportion of persons in this rural population are at risk of atherosclerosis. Key identified populations at risk should be considered for future intervention against cardiovascular related morbidity and mortality. The study however used parameters from unfasted samples that may have a bearing on observed results.

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Gestational lipid profile as an early marker of metabolic syndrome in later life: a population-based prospective cohort study

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-020-01868-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maria C. Adank ◽

Laura Benschop ◽

Sophia P. van Streun ◽

Anna M. Smak Gregoor ◽

Monique T. Mulder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Later Life ◽

Population Based ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Remnant Cholesterol

Abstract Background In pregnancy lipid levels increase with gestation resembling an atherogenic lipid profile. Currently it is unclear whether gestational lipid levels are associated with an adverse cardiovascular risk profile later in life. The aim of this study is to assess the association between gestational lipid levels and lipid levels and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) six years after pregnancy. Methods In plasma of 3510 women from the Generation R Study; a prospective population-based cohort, we measured lipid levels (total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-c]), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), remnant cholesterol and non-HDL-c were calculated in early pregnancy (median 13.2 weeks, 90% range [10.5 to 17.1]) and six years after pregnancy (median 6.5 years, 90% range [6.2 to 7.8]). MS was assessed six years after pregnancy according to the NCEP/ATP3 criteria. We also examined the influence of pregnancy complications on these associations. Results Gestational lipid levels were positively associated with corresponding lipid levels six years after pregnancy, independent of pregnancy complications. Six years after pregnancy the prevalence of MS was 10.0%; the prevalence was higher for women with a previous placental syndrome (13.5%). Gestational triglycerides and remnant cholesterol in the highest quartile and HDL-c in the lowest quartile were associated with the highest risk for future MS, independent of smoking and body mass index. Conclusions Gestational lipid levels provide an insight in the future cardiovascular risk profile of women in later life. Monitoring and lifestyle intervention could be indicated in women with an unfavorable gestational lipid profile to optimize timely cardiovascular risk prevention.

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Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk indices of women on various types of contraceptives in the Ho Municipality of Ghana

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184475 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 4342

Author(s):

Ahmed Tijani Bawah ◽

Michael Asamoah Boateng ◽

Francis A. Osei Kuffour ◽

Mohammed Mustapha Seini ◽

Paul Amoah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Risk Indices ◽

Cardio Vascular Disease ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Cardio Vascular

Background: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) have been successfully used worldwide to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation and implantation. These contraceptives have effects on lipid metabolism, body fat and blood pressure which are all risk factors for cardio vascular disease (CVD). Some studies have reported that prolonged use of these hormone-based contraceptives have negative effect on cardiovascular risk indices, however, few of such studies have been done in Ghana, hence this study sought to examine the effect of various forms of contraceptives on cardio vascular risk indices in the Volta Region of Ghana.Methods: Purposive random sampling was employed in selecting women on various forms of contraceptives and aged-matched controls into the study. Fasting blood sample was collected from each participant after overnight fast for 10-16 hours into plain tubes and the sera used to determine lipid profile. Socio-demographic and BMI variables were also analyzed in this case-control study.Results: Statistically significant differences were observed for Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (p=0.0153), High Density Lipoprotein levels (HDL) (p=0.001), and the atherogenic index (p=0.0101) between the cases and the controls.Conclusions: The use of HC significantly affects the DBP, HDL and atherogenic index and these could pose substantial risk for the development of CVD.

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Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2013/724706 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 85-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo ◽

José Sereno ◽

Edite Teixeira-Lemos ◽

Sandra Ribeiro ◽

Petronila Rocha-Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Oxidized Ldl ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Population Based ◽

Paraoxonase 1 ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha

Objective. To evaluate the effect of gender and menopause in cardiovascular risk (CVR) in a healthy population based on both classical and nontraditional markers.Methods. 56 men and 68 women (48 pre- and 20 postmenopause) were enrolled in the study. The following markers were analyzed: blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol (total-c), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL), HDL-c and subpopulations, paraoxonase-1 activity, hsCRP, uric acid, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM1).Results.Relative to the women, men present significantly increased BMI, WC, BP, glucose, total-c, TGs, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, uric acid, and TNF-αand reduced adiponectin and total and large HDL-c. The protective profile of women is lost after menopause with a significantly increased BMI, WC, BP, glucose, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, hsCRP, and VEGF and decreased total and large HDL-c. Significant correlations were found in women population and in postmenopausal women between Ox-LDL and total, large, and small HDL-c and between TNF-αand total, large, and small HDL-c, LDL-c, and Ox-LDL.Conclusions. Men present higher CVR than women who lost protection after menopause, evidenced by nontraditional markers, including Ox-LDL and HDL subpopulations.

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Cardiovascular Risk Profile and Type of Alcohol Beverage Consumption: A Population-Based Study

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000084889 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 100-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Helmut Schröder ◽

Olivia Ferrández ◽

Jordi Jimenez Conde ◽

Albert Sánchez-Font ◽

Jaume Marrugat

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Beverage Consumption

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Plasma resistin levels correlate with determinants of the metabolic syndrome

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.1.02338 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 156 (2) ◽

pp. 279-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

G D Norata ◽

M Ongari ◽

K Garlaschelli ◽

S Raselli ◽

L Grigore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Large Population ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Population Based ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

Relationship Of

Objective: The role of resistin in insulin sensitivity and obesity is controversial. Some authors suggest that increased serum resistin levels are associated with obesity, visceral fat, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and inflammation, while others failed to observe such correlations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship of plasma resistin levels with markers of the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in a large population-based study. Design and patients: Plasma resistin levels were determined in 1090 subjects free of any medication selected from the PLIC study (designed to verify the presence of atherosclerotic lesions and progression intima-media thickness (IMT) in the common carotid artery in the general population) and related to the presence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, metabolic abnormalities, cardiovascular risk, and progression of IMT. Results: Plasma resistin levels were highly positively correlated with triglycerides, waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and ApoAI/ApoB ratio, while they were inversely correlated with high density lipoprotein and ApoAI levels. This finding was gender specific (mainly in women). Plasma resistin levels were significantly higher in women with the metabolic syndrome compared with controls (4.90 (0.24) ng/ml vs 3.90 (0.11) ng/ml; P<0.01), while no difference was observed in obese subjects. Finally, plasma resistin levels were significantlycorrelated with cardiovascular risk calculated according to the Framingham algorithm (P<0.01). Conclusion: Plasma resistin levels are increased in presence of the metabolic syndrome and are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

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High plasma high-density lipoprotein levels, very low cardiovascular risk profile, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women

Journal of Clinical Lipidology ◽

10.1016/j.jacl.2009.08.003 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 345-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shlomo Keidar ◽

Ido Bogner ◽

Aviva Gamliel-Lazarovich ◽

Ronit Leiba ◽

Bianca Fuhrman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Plasma ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽

Plasma High Density ◽

Low Cardiovascular Risk

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Cardiovascular risk profile and osteoarthritis ‐ considering sex and multisite joint involvement: a CLSA population‐based study

Arthritis Care & Research ◽

10.1002/acr.24826 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anthony V. Perruccio ◽

Shatabdy Zahid ◽

Calvin Yip ◽

J. Denise Power ◽

Mayilee Canizares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Risk Profile ◽

Joint Involvement ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Profile ◽

Population Based Study

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Distribution of C-reactive Protein and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Population-Based Sample of Chinese

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2010/270126 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 333-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Yanfang Zhao ◽

Rui Wang ◽

Xiuqiang Ma ◽

Xiaoyan Yan ◽

Zhansai Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Population Based ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Urban Region ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein

C-reactive protein (CRP) levels vary remarkably with ethnic status. Its distribution and correlates should be investigated across diverse populations, and these were limited in a representative Chinese population. We investigated 3133 participants aged 18–80 years in Shanghai, which were sampled using a randomized, stratified, multi-stage sampling method. The distribution of CRP was highly skewed toward a lower level. The median CRP was 0.55 mg/L (0.61 mg/L in males, 0.51 mg/L in females). Participants living in urban region had higher CRP levels than those in rural region (0.67 vs. 0.46 mg/L). CRP levels showed significant correlation with traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and it was most strongly correlated with body mass index. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that elevated CRP (being in the top 15 percentile of CRP; CRP ≥ 2.09 mg/L) was significantly associated with obesity, hypertension, diabetes, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high triglycerides and cardiovascular disease history. In conclusion, the distribution of CRP in adult Chinese was comparable with that of many other Asian populations but different from that of Western populations. Metabolic impairment was associated with elevated CRP, and CRP levels should be interpreted in conjunction with the lipid profile.

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