scholarly journals Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk indices of women on various types of contraceptives in the Ho Municipality of Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4342
Author(s):  
Ahmed Tijani Bawah ◽  
Michael Asamoah Boateng ◽  
Francis A. Osei Kuffour ◽  
Mohammed Mustapha Seini ◽  
Paul Amoah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Cardio Vascular Disease ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cardio Vascular

Background: Hormonal contraceptives (HCs) have been successfully used worldwide to prevent pregnancy by inhibiting ovulation and implantation. These contraceptives have effects on lipid metabolism, body fat and blood pressure which are all risk factors for cardio vascular disease (CVD). Some studies have reported that prolonged use of these hormone-based contraceptives have negative effect on cardiovascular risk indices, however, few of such studies have been done in Ghana, hence this study sought to examine the effect of various forms of contraceptives on cardio vascular risk indices in the Volta Region of Ghana.Methods: Purposive random sampling was employed in selecting women on various forms of contraceptives and aged-matched controls into the study. Fasting blood sample was collected from each participant after overnight fast for 10-16 hours into plain tubes and the sera used to determine lipid profile. Socio-demographic and BMI variables were also analyzed in this case-control study.Results: Statistically significant differences were observed for Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) (p=0.0153), High Density Lipoprotein levels (HDL) (p=0.001), and the atherogenic index (p=0.0101) between the cases and the controls.Conclusions: The use of HC significantly affects the DBP, HDL and atherogenic index and these could pose substantial risk for the development of CVD.

scholarly journals A study of atherogenic index of plasma in myocardial infarction patients admitted in Silchar medical college, Assam, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1898
Author(s):  
Biswadeep Choudhury ◽  
Manidip Chakraborty ◽  
Nabiha Mayanaz Karim
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Cardio Vascular Disease ◽  
Cardio Vascular

Background:It is an established fact that dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction. Major well-known alterations in lipid profile include high serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Recently, it has been found that atherogenic index of plasma (AIP); which is a logarithmically transformed ratio of triglyceride and HDL-C; can predict cardio-vascular disease risk and can also be used for cardio-vascular disease risk stratification. In this study we have calculated the AIP from fasting lipid profile of patients suffering from myocardial infarction and tried to assess the correlation between AIP and myocardial infarction.Methods: The study comprised of fifty patients suffering from myocardial infarction aged more than 18 with no prior history of cardiovascular diseases. We measured fasting lipid profile using Vitros 5600 full auto analyzer and calculated AIP using online AIP calculator. Statistical analysis was done using “Microsoft excel 2019” with add on. A significant percentage (66%) of myocardial infarction patients had higher AIP (>0.21) and fell in the high-risk group. We also got a significant relationship between AIP-triglyceride and AIP-HDL-C (p<0.05 considered as statistically significant).Conclusions: AIP is high in myocardial infarction patients. In this group, besides high AIP, they also have low HDL-C and high triglycerides which are significant. So, AIP can be used as a tool for cardio-vascular disease risk stratification.

scholarly journals Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Postmenopausal Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Gita Khakurel ◽  
Rajat Kayastha ◽  
Sanat Chalise ◽  
Prabin K Karki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Background: Hyperlipidemia is one of the important risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease in post menopausal women.Our study compared the serum lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma between premenopausal and post menopausal women.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Kathmandu Medical College. A total number of 194 women in the age group 30 to 60 years were studied. They include 108 postmenopausal women and 86 premenopausal controls. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. Results: The mean value of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased in postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women. There was increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women but the difference was not significant. The atherogenic index of plasma was increased in postmenopausal women (0.22 ± 0.25 mmol/l). This shows that postmenopausal women in our setting are at medium risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Atherogenic index of plasma was positively and significantly correlated with age (r= 0.29, p<0.05), body mass index (r=0.24, p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (r=0.20, p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.45, p<0.05).Conclusions: Postmenopausal women were at greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease when compared to premenopausal women due to increase in atherogenic lipid profile. There was a significant correlation of atherogenic index of plasma with age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.Keywords: Keywords: Atherogenic index of plasma; lipid profile; menopause.

scholarly journals High atherogenic index of plasma and cardiovascular risk factors among Ghanaian breast cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 (18) ◽  
pp. 1648-1655
Author(s):  
Emmanuel A Tagoe ◽  
Eric Dwamena-Akoto ◽  
Josephine Nsaful ◽  
Anastasia R Aikins ◽  
Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma

Comorbidities impact negatively on breast cancer prognosis, especially in developing countries where cases are usually presented to clinics at advanced stages. This study aimed to determine the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and cardiovascular risk factors among Ghanaian women diagnosed with breast cancer. A total of 52 breast cancer patients were age-matched with 52 healthy controls. Sociodemographics of participants were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire. Pathological data of patients were obtained from medical records, and all clinical and anthropometric measurements were done using standard instruments. Lipid profile was determined from serum using enzymatic assays, and cardiovascular risk factors were calculated from estimated lipid parameters. Blood pressure, AIP, total cholesterol (T. chol), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) were significantly elevated ( P < 0.05) in the breast cancer patients compared to the controls, but the reverse was observed for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ( P < 0.01). Obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.51, P = 0.015), hypertension (OR = 4.04, P < 0.001), AIP (OR = 10.44, P < 0.001), and dyslipidemia ( P < 0.01) were significantly associated with breast cancer. AIP correlated positively with age (r = 0.244, P < 0.05), body mass index (r = 0.225, P < 0.05), blood pressure ( P < 0.01), T. chol (r =0.418, P< 0.01), and TG (r = 0.880, P < 0.01), but inversely correlated with HDL-c (r = −0.460, P < 0.01). A greater proportion (88%) of the patients presented with advanced breast cancer. AIP and cardiovascular risk factors were high in the breast cancer patients. Considering that AIP and cardiovascular disease risk factors are of interest in breast cancer patients, further studies are needed to understand the effect of AIP and cardiovascular risk factors on breast cancer outcomes.

Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Camellia sinensis leaves on blood pressure, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma and some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Bazyar ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Sirous Saradar ◽  
Delsa Mombaini ◽  
Mohammad Allivand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the inflammatory and metabolic responses to epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are unknown. Objectives Evaluate the impacts of EGCG on metabolic factors and some biomarkers of stress oxidative in patients with T2DM. Methods In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 50 patients with T2DM consumed either 2 tablets (300 mg) EGCG (n=25) or wheat flour as placebo (n=25) for 2 months. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid profile, mean arterial pressure (MAP), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results The finding of present study exhibited a significant increase in the serum levels of TAC after the EGCG supplementation (p=0.001). Also, in compare with control group, the mean changes of TAC were significantly higher in supplement group (p=0.01). In intervention group, a significant decrease was observed in the mean levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), AIP, and MAP (p<0.05). Taking EGCG resulted in the mean changes of total cholesterol, MAP and DBP were significantly lower in compare with control group (p<0.05). Conclusions This study recommended that EGCG supplementation may be improved blood pressure, lipid profile, AIP, and oxidative status in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals The neurological level of spinal cord injury and cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Francis Raguindin ◽  
Gion Fränkl ◽  
Oche Adam Itodo ◽  
Alessandro Bertolo ◽  
Ramona Maria Zeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Study design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Objective To determine the difference in cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, lipid profile, and markers of glucose metabolism and inflammation) according to the neurological level of spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods We searched 5 electronic databases from inception until July 4, 2020. Data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a pre-defined data collection form. The pooled effect estimate was computed using random-effects models, and heterogeneity was calculated using I2 statistic and chi-squared test (CRD42020166162). Results We screened 4863 abstracts, of which 47 studies with 3878 participants (3280 males, 526 females, 72 sex unknown) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to paraplegia, individuals with tetraplegia had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (unadjusted weighted mean difference, −14.5 mmHg, 95% CI −19.2, −9.9; −7.0 mmHg 95% CI −9.2, −4.8, respectively), lower triglycerides (−10.9 mg/dL, 95% CI −19.7, −2.1), total cholesterol (−9.9 mg/dL, 95% CI −14.5, −5.4), high-density lipoprotein (−1.7 mg/dL, 95% CI −3.3, −0.2) and low-density lipoprotein (−5.8 mg/dL, 95% CI −9.0, −2.5). Comparing individuals with high- vs. low-thoracic SCI, persons with higher injury had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−10.3 mmHg, 95% CI −13.4, −7.1; −5.3 mmHg 95% CI −7.5, −3.2, respectively), while no differences were found for low-density lipoprotein, serum glucose, insulin, and inflammation markers. High heterogeneity was partially explained by age, prevalent cardiovascular diseases and medication use, body mass index, sample size, and quality of studies. Conclusion In SCI individuals, the level of injury may be an additional non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. Future well-designed longitudinal studies with sufficient follow-up and providing sex-stratified analyses should confirm our findings and explore the role of SCI level in cardiovascular health and overall prognosis and survival.

Investigation of the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in obese patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome in childhood and examination of left ventricular function by echocardiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Güzin Özden ◽  
Ayşe Esin Kibar Gül ◽  
Eda Mengen ◽  
Ahmet Ucaktürk ◽  
Hazım Alper Gürsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Common Component

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate the cardiovascular risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is increasingly becoming prevalent in childhood obesity. Methods A total of 113 patients, 76 of whom were between the ages of 10 and 17 (mean age: 14.5 ± 1.8 years) and diagnosed with obesity (30 non-MetS and 46 MetS using IDF) and 37 of whom constituted the control group, participated in the study. Echocardiographic examination and atherogenicity parameters (Atherogenic index of plasma [AIP: logTG/HDL], total cholesterol/HDL, and TG/HDL ratio and non-HDL) were evaluated. Results The most common component accompanying obese MetS was found to be hypertension and low HDL. While obesity duration, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting insulin, insulin resistance, atherogenicity parameters were determined to be significantly higher in the obese-MetS group. Echocardiography showed that while the thickness, volume, and diameter of LV end-diastolic wall, left ventricular mass (LVM), LVM index (LVMI g/m2) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were significantly high in the MetS group, however, mitral E/A ratio was significantly lower (p<0.05). Change in LV geometry consistent with concentric remodeling (increased RWT, normal LVMI) was visible in obese groups. LVM were positively significantly related to BMI, waist circumference, insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL level, and negative to mitral E/A ratio. In the obese-MetS group, LVMI was positively correlated to office systolic BP, left atrium end-diastolic volume/index. Conclusions LVMI and atherogenicity parameters that were found to be significantly higher in obese MetS exhibit increased cardiovascular risk in childhood.

The Effects of Nordic Walking Compared to Conventional Walking on Aerobic Capacity and Lipid Profile in Women Over 55 Years of Age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anna Witkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Grabara ◽  
Dorota Kopeć ◽  
Zbigniew Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Nordic Walking compared to conventional walking on aerobic capacity, the lipid profile, left ventricular ejection fraction, body mass, and body mass index in women over 55 years old. Methods: The study was comprised of 74 women over 55 years of age. Participants were randomized to the Nordic Walking (n = 38) or conventional walking (n = 36) training groups. The echocardiogram, treadmill exercise stress test, lipid profile, and body mass were assessed at baseline (pretest) and after 12 weeks (posttest). Results: The authors found a significant main effect over time in duration (effect size [ES] = 0.59, P < .0001), distance covered (ES = 0.56, P < .0001), peak oxygen consumption (ES = 0.43, P < .0001), metabolic equivalent (ES = 0.29, P < .0001), peak heart rate (ES = 0.2, P < .0001), peak diastolic blood pressure (ES = 0.11, P = .0045), total cholesterol (ES = 0.26, P < .0001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ES = 0.16, P = .0005). The authors did not observe a time versus group interaction or the effect between groups. Post hoc tests revealed significant pretraining to posttraining differences in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after the Nordic Walking training program and in peak diastolic blood pressure after the conventional walking training program. The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure at rest, peak diastolic blood pressure, somatic parameters (body mass and body mass index), and left ventricular ejection fraction did not change in either group. Conclusions: Both training programs resulted in increases in aerobic capacity and decreases in total cholesterol.

Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on the Lipid Profile of Patients with Sjögren Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail P. Migkos ◽  
Theodora E. Markatseli ◽  
Chrisoula Iliou ◽  
Paraskevi V. Voulgari ◽  
Alexandros A. Drosos
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Changes Over Time

Objective.Many studies have highlighted the hypolipidemic action of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). We investigated the effect of HCQ on the lipid profile of patients with Sjögren syndrome (SS).Methods.The present retrospective observational study included 71 female patients with SS treated with HCQ. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and atherogenic index (TC/HDL) were measured at baseline, after 6 months, and 1, 3, and 5 years after initiation of HCQ treatment. Analysis to investigate changes over time was performed in the entire patient group and in the separate subgroups: those receiving (21 patients) and those not receiving (50 patients) hypolipidemic treatment.Results.For the entire group of patients a statistically significant decrease in TC was noted (levels before treatment 220 ± 41 mg/dl, and at 5 yrs 206 ± 32 mg/dl, p = 0.006). A statistically significant difference was observed in the levels of HDL (57 ± 14 mg/dl vs 67 ± 17 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and in atherogenic index (4.0 ± 1.3 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). Patients not receiving a hypolipidemic agent during the same period demonstrated a decrease in TC (214 ± 40 mg/dl vs 208 ± 34 mg/dl, p = 0.049), an increase in HDL levels (55 ± 15 mg/dl vs 67 ± 18 mg/dl, p < 0.001), and a decrease in atherogenic index (4.0 ± 1.4 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, p < 0.001). In the subgroup of patients receiving hypolipidemic treatment, the respective changes in their lipid profile were not significant in the first years but became significant in the long term.Conclusion.Use of HCQ in patients with SS was related to a statistically significant decrease in TC, an increase in HDL, and improvement in the atherogenic index.

Assessment of the carotid artery intima-media complex through ultrasonography and the relationship with Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thacira D. A. Ramos ◽  
Tatianne M. E. Dantas ◽  
Mônica O. S. Simões ◽  
Danielle F. Carvalho ◽  
Carla C. M. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Z Score ◽  
High Cardiovascular Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the presence of carotid thickening and its relationship with the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth score.MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional study involving 512 brazilian adolescents. Variables such as sex, body mass index, concentrations of non-high-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin A1c levels that make up the score, and carotid thickening through the intima-media complex measured by ultrasound were evaluated. We adopted two cut-off points to evaluate carotid thickening, being considered altered for those higher or equal to the z-score 2+ and ⩾75th percentile. The association was assessed using the χ2 test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsHigh cardiovascular risk was present in 10.2% of the adolescents; carotid thickness was present in 4.3% determined by the z-score 2+ and in 25.0% determined by the 75th percentile. When measured by the z-score, carotid thickening was associated with high systolic blood pressure (p=0.024), high-non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (p=0.039), and high cardiovascular risk assessed by the score and by the 75th percentile, with body mass index >30 (p=0.005). In the multivariate analysis, high cardiovascular risk was found to be independently associated with the presence of carotid thickness evaluated by the z-score, with risk four times greater (p=0.010) of presenting with this condition compared with individuals with low risk, and this fact was not observed when factors were analysed alone.ConclusionThe presence of high cardiovascular risk in adolescents assessed by the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth score was associated with marked thickening of the carotid artery in healthy adolescents.

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