scholarly journals Pain Induced during Both the Acquisition and Retention Phases of Locomotor Adaptation Does Not Interfere with Improvements in Motor Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Bouffard ◽  
Laurent J. Bouyer ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Roy ◽  
Catherine Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Locomotor Training ◽  
Locomotor Adaptation ◽  
Movement Error ◽  
Motor Strategy ◽  
Motor Strategies ◽  
Healthy Participants

Cutaneous pain experienced during locomotor training was previously reported to interfere with retention assessed in pain-free conditions. To determine whether this interference reflects consolidation deficits or a difficulty to transfer motor skills acquired in the presence of pain to a pain-free context, this study evaluated the effect of pain induced during both the acquisition and retention phases of locomotor learning. Healthy participants performed a locomotor adaptation task (robotized orthosis perturbing ankle movements during swing) on two consecutive days. Capsaicin cream was applied around participants’ ankle on both days for the Pain group, while the Control group was always pain-free. Changes in movement errors caused by the perturbation were measured to assess global motor performance; temporal distribution of errors and electromyographic activity were used to characterize motor strategies. Pain did not interfere with global performance during the acquisition or the retention phases but was associated with a shift in movement error center of gravity to later in the swing phase, suggesting a reduction in anticipatory strategy. Therefore, previously reported retention deficits could be explained by contextual changes between acquisition and retention tests. This difficulty in transferring skills from one context to another could be due to pain-related changes in motor strategy.

scholarly journals Effect of experimental muscle pain on the acquisition and retention of locomotor adaptation: different motor strategies for a similar performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 1647-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Bouffard ◽  
Sauro E. Salomoni ◽  
Catherine Mercier ◽  
Kylie Tucker ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Muscle Pain ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Pain Group ◽  
Locomotor Adaptation ◽  
Experimental Muscle Pain ◽  
Movement Error ◽  
Motor Strategies

As individuals with musculoskeletal disorders often experience motor impairments, contemporary rehabilitation relies heavily on the use of motor learning principles. However, motor impairments are often associated with pain. Although there is substantial evidence that muscle pain interferes with motor control, much less is known on its impact on motor learning. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of muscle pain on locomotor learning. Two groups (Pain and Control) of healthy participants performed a locomotor adaptation task (robotized ankle-foot orthosis perturbing ankle movements during swing) on two consecutive days. On day 1 (acquisition), hypertonic saline was injected in the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of the Pain group participants, while Control group participants were pain free. All participants were pain free on day 2 (retention). Changes in movement errors caused by the perturbation were assessed as an indicator of motor performance. Detailed analysis of kinematic and electromyographic data provided information about motor strategies. No between-group differences were observed on motor performance measured during the acquisition and retention phases. However, Pain group participants had a residual movement error later in the swing phase and smaller early TA activation than Control group participants, thereby suggesting a reduction in the use of anticipatory motor strategies to overcome the perturbation. Muscle pain did not interfere with global motor performance during locomotor adaptation. The different motor strategies used in the presence of muscle pain may reflect a diminished ability to anticipate the consequences of a perturbation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that experimental muscle pain does not influence global motor performance during the acquisition or next-day retention phases of locomotor learning. This contrasts with previous results obtained with cutaneous pain, emphasizing the risk of directly extrapolating from one pain modality to another. Muscle pain affected motor strategies used when performing the task, however: it reduced the ability to use increased feedforward control to overcome the force field.

“Amplification of Error”: A Rapidly Effective Method for Motor Performance Improvement

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Milanese ◽  
Gabriella Facci ◽  
Paola Cesari ◽  
Carlo Zancanaro
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Innovative Teaching ◽  
Movement Error ◽  
Searching Strategy ◽  
School Teaching ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
Based Instruction

The aim of the current work was to test the effects of an innovative teaching method in improving motor skills. We evaluated the effectiveness of an error-based instruction method (Method of Amplification of Error, MAE) in increasing the performance of 13-year-old school students in the standing long jump. We compared MAE with direct verbal instruction (DI) and no instruction (Control group). The rationale for the MAE method is that giving a participant the opportunity to experience directly his or her own main movement error will trigger a positive searching strategy that will in turn help him or her to improve performance. The effectiveness of MAE is because of the type of feedback provided, namely the same motor-perceptive language used by the participant. Results showed that for the MAE and DI groups the length of jump increased from pre- to post-instruction, but postinstruction performance of the MAE group was significantly that of both of the other groups. It appears that MAE is an easy-to-use method for rapidly improving motor performance in the school teaching setting.

scholarly journals Effects of Attentional Focus on Motor Performance and Physiology in a Slow-Motion Violin Bow-Control Task: Evidence for the Constrained Action Hypothesis in Bowed String Technique

2021 ◽  
pp. 002242942110347
Author(s):  
Emma Allingham ◽  
Clemens Wöllner
Keyword(s):  
Music Education ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Body Movement ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Constrained Action Hypothesis ◽  
Conscious Thinking

The constrained action hypothesis states that focusing attention on action outcomes rather than body movement improves motor performance. Dexterity of motor control is key to successful music performance, making this a highly relevant topic to music education. We investigated effects of focus of attention (FOA) on motor skill performance and EMG muscle activity in a violin bowing task among experienced and novice upper strings players. Following a pedagogically informed exercise, participants attempted to produce single oscillations of the string at a time under three FOA: internal (on arm movement), external (on sound produced), and somatic (on string resistance). Experienced players’ number of bow slips was significantly reduced under somatic focus relative to internal, although number of successful oscillations was not affected. Triceps electromyographic activity was also significantly lower in somatic compared to internal foci for both expertise groups, consistent with physiological understandings of FOA effects. Participants’ reported thoughts during the experiment provided insight into whether aspects of constrained action may be evident in performers’ conscious thinking. These results provide novel support for the constrained action hypothesis in violin bow control, suggesting a somatic FOA as a promising performance-enhancing strategy for bowed string technique.

Efficacy of fine motor and balance exercises on fine motor skills in children with sensorineural hearing loss

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Elsayed S. Mehrem ◽  
Lamyaa A. Fergany ◽  
Said A. Mohamed ◽  
Hany M. Fares ◽  
Roshdy M. Kamel
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Balance Exercises ◽  
Fine Motor Performance

Background: Childhood hearing impairment is a major disability associated with delayed motor development. The affected Fine motor performance in children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) could be due to dynamic balance deficits and visual-motor incoordination. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the effects of fine motor exercises with or without balancing exercises on fine motor skills in children with SNHL. Methods: One hundred and eighty (180) children their age ranged from 8 to 18 years old diagnosed with SNHL were selected. They were divided into three groups, 60 children (control group) practiced only their ordinary activities of daily living, 60 children (fine motor exercises group) practiced fine motor exercises, and 60 children (fine motor and balance exercise) group practiced fine motor and balance exercises. The outcomes were assessed by the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of the motor proficiency second edition scale (BOT-2). Results: Generally, there was a statistically significant difference between control group and fine motor exercises group where (p <  0.05), besides, there was a statistically significant difference between control group and fine motor and balance exercises group where (p <  0.05). But, there was no statistically significant difference between fine motor exercises group and fine motor and balance exercises group where (p >  0.05). Conclusions: The Fine Motor performance of children with SNHL has been improved by Fine motor with or without balancing exercises according to (BOT-2).

Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on functional exercise capacity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: A randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026921552110709
Author(s):  
Telma Cristina Fontes Cerqueira ◽  
Manoel Luiz de Cerqueira Neto ◽  
Lucas de Assis Pereira Cacau ◽  
Amaro Afrânio de Araújo Filho ◽  
Géssica Uruga Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Functional Independence Measure ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electromyographic Activity

Objective To evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on functional capacity of patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Design A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Setting A cardiac surgery specialist hospital in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil. Subjects: Patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Intervention The control group received the conventional physiotherapy and the intervention group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles bilaterally, applied for 60 min, twice a day for up to 10 sessions per patient, in the immediate postoperative period until postoperative day 5. Main measures The primary outcome was the distance walked, which was evaluated using the 6-min walk test on postoperative day 5. Secondary outcomes were gait speed, lactate levels, muscle strength, electromyographic activity of the rectus femoris and Functional Independence Measure, some of them evaluated on preoperative and postoperative period. Results Of 132 eligible patients, 88 patients were included and randomly allocated in two groups, and 45 patients were included in the analysis. No significant difference was found on the distance walked ( p = 0.650) between patients allocated in intervention group (239.06 ± 88.55) and control group (254.43 ± 116.67) as well as gait speed ( p = 0.363), lactate levels ( p = 0.302), knee extensor strength ( p = 0.117), handgrip strength ( p = 0.882), global muscle strength ( p = 0.104), electromyographic activity ( p = 0.179) and Functional Independence Measure ( p = 0.059). Conclusions Although the effects are still uncertain, the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation carried out in five days didn't present any benefit on functional capacity of patients in the immediate postoperative period of cardiac surgery.

scholarly journals The surface electromyography analysis of the non-plegic upper limb of hemiplegic subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloyse U Kuriki ◽  
Raquel N. de Azevedo ◽  
Augusto C. de Carvalho ◽  
Fábio Mícolis de Azevedo ◽  
Rúben F Negrão-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Wrist Flexion ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Flexor Muscles ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
Dominant Member ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Many authors have studied physical and functional changes in individuals post-stroke, but there are few studies that assess changes in the non-plegic side of hemiplegic subjects. This study aimed to compare the electromyographic activity in the forearm muscles of spastic patients and clinically healthy individuals, to determine if there is difference between the non-plegic side of hemiplegics and the dominant member of normal individuals. 22 hemiplegic subjects and 15 clinically healthy subjects were submitted to electromyography of the flexor and extensor carpi ulnaris muscles during wrist flexion and extension. The flexor muscles activation of stroke group (average 464.6 u.n) was significantly higher than the same muscles in control group (mean: 106.3 u.n.) during the wrist flexion, what shows that the non affected side does not present activation in the standart of normality found in the control group.

Retention of Hindlimb Stepping Ability in Adult Spinal Cats After the Cessation of Step Training

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. De Leon ◽  
J. A. Hodgson ◽  
R. R. Roy ◽  
V. R. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Full Weight Bearing ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Locomotor Training ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Step Cycle ◽  
Rapid Learning ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle

de Leon, R. D., J. A. Hodgson, R. R. Roy, and V. R. Edgerton. Retention of hindlimb stepping ability in adult spinal cats after the cessation of step training. J. Neurophysiol. 81: 85–94, 1999. Adult spinal cats were trained to perform bipedal hindlimb locomotion on a treadmill for 6–12 wk. After each animal acquired the ability to step, locomotor training was withheld, and stepping was reexamined 6 and 12 wk after training ended. The performance characteristics, hindlimb muscle electromyographic activity patterns, and kinematic characteristics of the step cycle that were acquired with training were largely maintained when training was withheld for 6 wk. However, after 12 wk without training, locomotor performance declined, i.e., stumbling was more frequent, and the ability to consistently execute full weight-bearing steps at any treadmill speed decreased. In addition, the height that the paw was lifted during the swing phase decreased, and a smaller range of extension in the hindlimbs occurred during the E3 phase of stance. When three of the spinal cats underwent 1 wk of retraining, stepping ability was regained more rapidly than when trained initially. The finding that stepping ability in trained adult spinal cats can persist for 6 wk without training provides further evidence that training-induced enhancement of stepping is learned in the spinal cats and that a memory of the enhanced stepping is stored in the spinal networks. However, it appears that the spinal cord can forget how to consistently execute stepping if that task is not practiced for 12 wk. The more rapid learning that occurred with retraining is also consistent with a learning phenomenon. These results in conjunction with our earlier findings suggest that the efficacy of the neural pathways that execute a motor task is highly dependent on the periodic activation of those pathways in a sequence compatible with that motor task.

scholarly journals Effects of low occlusal loading on the neuromuscular behavioral development of cortically-elicited jaw movements in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyo Thura Aung ◽  
Chiho Kato ◽  
Akiyo Fujita ◽  
Yasunori Abe ◽  
Takuya Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Part ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Gape Size ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract The effect of altered occlusal force on masticatory-related neuromuscular control, which projects from the anterior part of the cortical masticatory area (A-CMA), during growth remains unclear. This study sought to evaluate the effect of occlusal hypofunction on neuromuscular development of jaw muscle activities and cortically-induced rhythmic jaw movements (RJMs) in growing rats. Sixty-four two-week-old male albino Wistar rats were divided into the control (fed normal diet) and experimental (fed soft diet) groups soon after weaning. Electromyographic activity was recorded at 5, 7, 9, and 11 weeks from the right masseter and anterior digastric along with RJMs. We found a significantly longer onset latency and smaller peak-to-peak amplitude in the experimental group than that in the control group. The RJMs showed an increase in gape size and lateral excursion until up to 9 weeks in both groups. However, both the average gape size and lateral excursion were significantly smaller in the experimental group than that in the control group after 9 weeks. The jaw movement pattern also showed a significant decrease at the maximum opening period in the experimental group. Our findings indicate that inadequate occlusal function during growth alters neuromuscular control of masticatory behaviors and impairs the pattern of RJMs.

Can placebos prevent intrusive memories?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kube ◽  
Irving Kirsch ◽  
Julia Glombiewski ◽  
Philipp Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Intrusive Memories ◽  
Experimental Psychopathology ◽  
Negative Appraisal ◽  
Treatment Control Group ◽  
Healthy Participants

After traumatic experiences, intrusive memories can flash back and evoke significant distress. Here, we investigated whether the occurrence of intrusions can be prevented by placebo. After the exposure to an experimental psychopathology model of psychological trauma, healthy participants (N=112) were randomised to deceptive placebo (DP), open-label placebo (OLP), or a no-treatment control group. The results show that one week later, the groups did not differ in the frequency of intrusive memories. However, participants receiving OLP reported the lowest intensity of intrusions. Participants receiving DP reported the lowest burden of intrusions. Across groups, the expectation that intrusions will be intense and hardly controllable was associated with a higher frequency of intrusions, higher distress, higher burden, and more negative appraisal. The results suggest that expectations play a crucial role in the emergence of intrusive memories and that at least some of the disabling aspects of intrusive memories can be reduced by placebo.

Effects of Low Back Pain on Motor Performance in Older People: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ge ◽  
Chuhuai Wang ◽  
Haohan Zhou ◽  
Qiuhua Yu ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Centre Of Pressure

Abstract Background: Research suggests that individuals with low back pain (LBP) may have poorer motor control compared to their healthy counterparts; however, the sample population of almost 90% of related articles are young and middle-aged people. There is still a lack of a systematic review about the motor performance of elderly people with low back pain. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to understand the effects of LBP on motor performance in eldly people.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis included a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for full-text articles published before January 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the relevant articles, and disagreements were resolved by athird reviewer.Results: Thirteen case-control studies comparing motor performance parameters between LBP and healthy subjects and four randomised controlled studies on physical therapy to improve the motor performance of elderly people with LBP were included. The experimental group (LBP group) was associated with significantly larger area of centre of pressure movement (P < 0.001),higher velocity of centre of pressure sway in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions (P= 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively), longer path length in the anteroposterior direction (P < 0.001), slower walking speed (P = 0.05), and longer timed up and go test time (P = 0.004) thanthe control group.Conclusion: The results show that motor performance is impaired in elderly people with LBP. We should pay more attention to the balance control of elderly people with LBP.

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