scholarly journals Interleukin-6 “Trans-Signaling” and Ischemic Vascular Disease: The Important Role of Soluble gp130

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Luca Morieri ◽  
Angelina Passaro ◽  
Giovanni Zuliani
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Soluble Gp130 ◽  
Multifunctional Cytokine

Inflammation plays a major role in the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Interleukine-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine involved both in the beneficial acute inflammatory response and in the detrimental chronic low-grade systemic inflammation. Large genetic human studies, using Mendelian randomization approaches, have clearly showed that IL-6 pathway is causally involved in the onset of myocardial infarction. At the same time, IL-6 pathway is divided into two arms: classic signaling (effective in hepatocytes and leukocytes) and trans-signaling (with ubiquitous activity). Trans-signaling is known to be inhibited by the circulating soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130). In animal and in vitro models, trans-signaling inhibition with sgp130 antibody clearly shows a beneficial effect on inflammatory disease and atherosclerosis. Conversely, epidemiological data report inconsistent results between sgp130 levels and CV risk factors as well as CV outcome. We have reviewed the literature to understand the role of sgp130 and to find the evidence in favor of or against a possible clinical application of sgp130 treatment in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Physical activity promotion in primary health care in Slovenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Graduate Nurses ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Family ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

In Slovenia, the role of general practitioners in counselling physical activity for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is well recognized. The role of general practitioners in advising healthy lifestyle for individuals who are at risk of developing CVD is formally defined in the National Program for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, which has been running since 2001. Part of the program is counselling on healthy lifestyle including physical activity, performed in all health centres across the country. First a screening and medical examination is performed. In case of higher risk for CVD (>20%) the physician should give advice on the particular risk factor and direct patients to health-education centres, where they can participate in healthy lifestyle workshops lead by health professionals. Physicians and other health professionals who are involved in the implementation of prevention activities within the program need knowledge and skills that are crucial for successful counselling on healthy lifestyle. The educational program “basic education in health promotion and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases in primary health care/family medicine” consists of two parts. The first part of the training is open to all health professionals working within the program. The second part is intended for health professionals working in health-education workshops. In the last few years a new family practice model has been introduced and disseminated. Some duties of the family physician, including health promotion and counselling, are being transferred to graduate nurses who become part of the family practice team. This new division of work undoubtedly brings many advantages, both in terms of the work organization, and of high-quality patient care. Nevertheless preventive action cannot be fully passed on to graduate nurses. Careful planning and education are needed to ensure a comprehensive approach in healthy life style counselling.

Bioengineered in vitro Vascular Models for Applications in Interventional Radiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (45) ◽  
pp. 5367-5374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Seyed M. Moosavi-Basri ◽  
Rahul Sheth ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Yu S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Interventional Radiology ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Endovascular Interventions ◽  
Conventional Animal ◽  
Vascular Structures

The role of endovascular interventions has progressed rapidly over the past several decades. While animal models have long-served as the mainstay for the advancement of this field, the use of in vitro models has become increasingly widely adopted with recent advances in engineering technologies. Here, we review the strategies, mainly including bioprinting and microfabrication, which allow for fabrication of biomimetic vascular models that will potentially serve to supplement the conventional animal models for convenient investigations of endovascular interventions. Besides normal blood vessels, those in diseased states, such as thrombosis, may also be modeled by integrating cues that simulate the microenvironment of vascular disorders. These novel engineering strategies for the development of biomimetic in vitro vascular structures will possibly enable unconventional means of studying complex endovascular intervention problems that are otherwise hard to address using existing models.

scholarly journals The Role of Biomimetic Hypoxia on Cancer Cell Behaviour in 3D Models: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Ye Liu ◽  
Zahra Mohri ◽  
Wissal Alsheikh ◽  
Umber Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tissue Models

The development of biomimetic, human tissue models is recognized as being an important step for transitioning in vitro research findings to the native in vivo response. Oftentimes, 2D models lack the necessary complexity to truly recapitulate cellular responses. The introduction of physiological features into 3D models informs us of how each component feature alters specific cellular response. We conducted a systematic review of research papers where the focus was the introduction of key biomimetic features into in vitro models of cancer, including 3D culture and hypoxia. We analysed outcomes from these and compiled our findings into distinct groupings to ascertain which biomimetic parameters correlated with specific responses. We found a number of biomimetic features which primed cancer cells to respond in a manner which matched in vivo response.

scholarly journals The role of nutraceuticals in the prevention of cardiovascular disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. S21-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bozena Sosnowska ◽  
Peter Penson ◽  
Maciej Banach
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

Roles of Nutraceuticals and Functional Food in Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease

2022 ◽  
pp. 810-839
Author(s):  
Shahrul Bariyah Hamid ◽  
Auni Fatin Abd Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Medical Plants ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts ◽  
Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease

The chapter provides an overview of cardiovascular disease, a major cause of mortality worldwide. It relates economic and social impacts to the disease, especially in developing countries. One of the approaches to addressing this challenge is increasing awareness within society, through implementation of education programs. It is important for society to understand the types and roles of the risk factors leading to cardiovascular disease. Emphasis is on the role of functional food and nutraceuticals as dietary sources that could prevent development of cardiovascular disease. The chapter highlights roles of nutraceuticals and functional food sources from medical plants, seeds, berries, and tropical fruits in lowering risk factors. Key findings from trials conducted in Asia, China, Europe, and America provide supporting evidence for the importance of functional food to health, and its potential for modifying the level of risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases.

The Use of Erythropoietin in the Treatment of Post-bone Marrow Transplatation Anemia

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Vannucchi ◽  
A. Bosi ◽  
A. Grossi ◽  
S. Guidi ◽  
R. Saccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Number Of Patients

The issue of the role of erythropoietin (Epo) in the erythroid reconstitution after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been addressed in several recent studies. A defective Epo production in response to anemia has been shown to occur in patients undergoing allogeneic BMT unlike in most of those subjected to an autologous rescue. The factors involved in the inadeguate Epo production in BMT are discussed, with particular attention to the role of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin-A, which has been shown to inhibit Epo production in both in vivo and in vitro models. The observation of defective Epo production eventually led to the development of clinical trials of recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) administration in BMT patients; the aims of these studies were to stimulate erythroid engraftment, hence reducing blood transfusion exposure. Although the number of patients studied up to now is relatively small, a benefit from rhEpo administration in terms of accelerated erythroid engraftment seems very likely, and it may also be associated with decreased transfusional needs in most treated patients. However, further studies are needed to better define indications, dosages and schedules of rhEpo in BMT patients.

scholarly journals Mast Cells in Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Bedside

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermans ◽  
Lennep ◽  
van Daele ◽  
Bot
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Intraplaque Hemorrhage ◽  
Hematological Disease ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Clonal Proliferation ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Mast cells are pluripotent leukocytes that reside in the mucosa and connective tissue. Recent studies show an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease among patients with mastocytosis, which is a hematological disease that is characterized by the accumulation of mast cells due to clonal proliferation. This association suggests an important role for mast cells in cardiovascular disease. Indeed, the evidence establishing the contribution of mast cells to the development and progression of atherosclerosis is continually increasing. Mast cells may contribute to plaque formation by stimulating the formation of foam cells and causing a pro-inflammatory micro-environment. In addition, these cells are able to promote plaque instability by neo-vessel formation and also by inducing intraplaque hemorrhage. Furthermore, mast cells appear to stimulate the formation of fibrosis after a cardiac infarction. In this review, the available data on the role of mast cells in cardiovascular disease are summarized, containing both in vitro research and animal studies, followed by a discussion of human data on the association between cardiovascular morbidity and diseases in which mast cells are important: Kounis syndrome, mastocytosis and allergy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document