Valorization of Toxic Weed Lantana camara L. Biomass for Adsorptive Removal of Lead

Valorization of Lantana camara L., which is a recognized invasive plant, as a potential source of activated carbon is proposed in this study. Its stem and leaf have been utilized for the preparation of activated carbon (ACL and ACS) by following acid-impregnation technique, followed by thermal treatment. The developed activated carbon samples were characterized for their structural and surface related properties by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption isotherm, SEM techniques, and pHPZC method. The samples show reasonable high surface area and pore volume; nonetheless, these properties are higher in case of ACL as compraed to ACS. Both of these samples developed negative charge on their surface due to acid treatment that resulted in an increase in adsorption at pH > 5. The batch adsorption studies on these samples shows the Pb(II) ion adsorption capacities of ACL and ACS were 36.01 and 32.24 mg·g−1, respectively, at 25°C. The kinetics of adsorption with both the sample systems follow the pseudo-second-order model, whereas the experimental equilibrium isotherm data of ACL and ACS were explained by Freundlich and Langmuir models, respectively. For these samples, the HCl shows maximum desorption with which the recycling test on these samples shows that ACS has better recycling potential over ACL samples.

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Adsorption of Hexavalent Chromium and Divalent Lead Ions on the Nitrogen-Enriched Chitosan-Based Activated Carbon

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1907

Author(s):

Fatma Hussain Emamy ◽

Ali Bumajdad ◽

Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Metal Removal ◽

High Surface ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽

Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Optimizing the physicochemical properties of the chitosan-based activated carbon (Ch-ACs) can greatly enhance its performance toward heavy metal removal from contaminated water. Herein, Ch was converted into a high surface area (1556 m2/g) and porous (0.69 cm3/g) ACs with large content of nitrogen (~16 wt%) using K2CO3 activator and urea as nitrogen-enrichment agents. The prepared Ch-ACs were tested for the removal of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) at different pH, initial metal ions concentration, time, activated carbon dosage, and temperature. For Cr(VI), the best removal was at pH = 2, while for Pb(II) the best pH for its removal was in the range of 4–6. At 25 °C, the Temkin model gives the best fit for the adsorption of Cr(VI), while the Langmuir model was found to be better for Pb(II) ions. The kinetics of adsorption of both heavy metal ions were found to be well-fitted by a pseudo-second-order model. The findings show that the efficiency and the green properties (availability, recyclability, and cost effectiveness) of the developed adsorbent made it a good candidate for wastewaters treatment. As preliminary work, the prepared sorbent was also tested regarding the removal of heavy metals and other contaminations from real wastewater and the obtained results were found to be promising.

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Synthesis of Hematite Nanodiscs from Natural Laterites and Investigating Their Adsorption Capability of Removing Ni2+ and Cd2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Journal of Composites Science ◽

10.3390/jcs4020057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

B. P. N. Gunawardhana ◽

C. A. Gunathilake ◽

K. E. D. Y. T. Dayananda ◽

D. M. S. N. Dissanayake ◽

M. M. M. G. P. G. Mantilaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Model ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Active Sites ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Hematite Nanoparticles

In this work, disc-like hematite (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were prepared using a readily available inexpensive earth material, ferruginous laterite, via a low-cost synthesis route. Prepared hematite nanoparticles were characterized using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), particle size analyzer (PSA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyzer. The performance of hematite nanoparticles was evaluated as a heavy metal ion adsorbent. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to study the adsorption behaviour of Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions as a function of the amount of adsorbent, contact time, and pH. Adsorption data fitted to the linearized Langmuir and Freundlich kinetic models were compared and discussed. The correlation coefficient (R2) was used to determine the best fit kinetic model. Our data fitted the Langmuir kinetic model well and the highest adsorption efficiencies were found to be 62.5 mg/g for Ni2+ and 200 mg/g for Cd2+, respectively. Due to high surface area, pore volume with active sites, and sorption capabilities, hematite nanoparticles can be used as efficient and economical nano-adsorbents for the removal of Ni2+ and Cd2+ ions from industrial wastewater.

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Lignin Based Activated Carbon Using H3PO4 Activation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12122829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 2829

Author(s):

Zhongzhi Yang ◽

Roland Gleisner ◽

Doreen H. Mann ◽

Junming Xu ◽

Jianchun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Surface Areas ◽

Adsorption Desorption

Activated carbon (AC) with a very high surface area of over 2000 m2/g was produced from low sulfur acid hydrotropic lignin (AHL) from poplar wood using H3PO4 at a moderate temperature of 450 °C (AHL-AC6). ACs with similar surface areas were also obtained under the same activation condition from commercial hardwood alkali lignin and lignosulfonate. Initial evaluation of AC performance was carried out using nitrogen adsorption-desorption and dye adsorption. AHL-AC6 exhibited the best specific surface area and dye adsorption performance. Furthermore, the adsorption results of congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) showed AHL-AC6 had greater adsorption capacity than those reported in literature. The dye adsorption data fit to the Langmuir model well. The fitting parameter suggests the adsorption is nearly strong and near irreversible, especially for MB. The present study for the first time provided a procedure for producing AC from lignin with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area >2000 m2/g using low cost and low environmental impact H3PO4 at moderate temperatures.

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A comprehensive report on preparing and analyzing adsorptive materials suitable for hydrogen and methane storage

10.32469/10355/48219 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Tyler Austin Rash

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Hydrogen Adsorption ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

High Capacity ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Carbon Adsorbents ◽

Narrow Channels

Development of low-pressure, high-capacity adsorbent based storage technology for methane, natural gas, and hydrogen as fuel for advanced transportation is necessary in order to address the temperature, pressure, weight, and volume constraints present in conventional storage methods (CNG, LNG, and LH2). Subcritical nitrogen adsorption experiments show that our nanoporous carbon hosts extended narrow channels which generate a high surface area and strong van der Waals forces capable of increasing the density of natural gas and hydrogen into high-density fluids. Improvements in storage density over compressed natural gas without an adsorbent occur at ambient temperature and pressures ranging from 0- 260 bar. The storage capacity custom built 10.6 L hydrogen adsorption instrument with activated carbon adsorbents synthesized at MU is 32 g/kg at 296 K and 100 bar which is higher than what has been reported in literature for other materials. The temperature, pressure, and storage capacity of a 40 L flat-panel adsorbed natural gas tank filled with 20 kg of activated carbon is featured. Results from the 40 L instrument show that the monolithic adsorbents within allow for rapid charging and discharging and an ideal balance between methane gravimetric and volumetric storage capacity. A 300 kg/(m3 day) space time yield for the production of the monolithic adsorbents is demonstrated.

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Preparation and characterization of activated carbon developed from cotton cloth residue activated with phosphoric acid: adsorption of clofibric acid

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.524 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 82 (11) ◽

pp. 2513-2524

Author(s):

N. Boudrahem ◽

F. Aissani-Benissad ◽

F. Boudrahem ◽

C. Vial ◽

F. Audonnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Nitrogen Adsorption ◽

Micropore Volume ◽

Clofibric Acid ◽

Cotton Cloth

Abstract Cotton cloth waste was used as a precursor to prepare activated carbon (ACCs) chemically activated with phosphoric acid. Adsorption behavior of prepared ACCs was correlated with physicochemical proprieties. The pore volume and BET surface of ACCs were determined by nitrogen adsorption isotherms and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe their surface morphologies. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis and pH point zero charge (pHPZC) were conducted to determine chemical properties. Under the optimal conditions: 50% impregnation ratio and thermal treatment under N2 flow at 600 °C during 60 min, the activated carbon prepared exhibits a high surface area 1,150 m2/g, 0.501 cm3/g micropore volume and an excellent adsorption performance. The adsorbed amount of clofibric acid is found to be 9.98 and 83 mg/g at, respectively, initial CA concentration of 10 and 100 mg/L at pH 3.0 and 20 °C. Diffusion and chemisorption are the steps controlling the adsorption of CA onto ACC 50% and the equilibrium data were well described by Freundlich isotherm.

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Activated carbon from molasses efficiency for Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption: A mechanistic study

10.31221/osf.io/ecpm3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Sugar Industry ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Mechanistic Study ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Good Potential

Activated carbon was prepared from molasses, which are natural precursors of vegetable origin resulting from the sugar industry. A simple elaboration process, based on chemical activation with phosphoric acid, was proposed. The final product, prepared by activation of molasses/phosphoric acid mixture in air at 500°C, presented high surface area (more than 1400 m2/g) and important maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue (625 mg/g) and iodine (1660 mg/g). The activated carbon (MP2(500)) showed a good potential for the adsorption of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The affinity for the three ions was observed in the following order Cu2+ Cr6+ Pb2+. The process is governed by monolayer adsorption following the Langmuir model, with a correlation coefficient close to unity.

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Removal of microcystin-LR from drinking water with TiO2-coated activated carbon

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2004.0088 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (5-6) ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

S.-C. Kim ◽

D.-K. Lee

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

High Surface ◽

High Surface Area ◽

Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽

Exterior Surface ◽

Tio2 Particles

TiO2-coated granular activated carbon was employed for the removal of toxic microcystin-LR from water. High surface area of the activated carbon provided sites for the adsorption of microcystin-LR, and the adsorbed microcystin-LR migrated continuously onto the surface of TiO2 particles which located mainly at the exterior surface in the vicinity of the entrances of the macropores of the activated carbon. The migrated microcystin-LR was finally degraded into nontoxic products and CO2 very quickly. These combined roles of the activated carbon and TiO2 showed a synergistic effect on the efficient degradation of toxic microcystin-LR. A continuous flow fluidized bed reactor with the TiO2-coated activated carbon could successfully be employed for the efficient photocatalytic of microcystin-LR.

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