Audiovisual Biofeedback-Based Trunk Stabilization Training Using a Pressure Biofeedback System in Stroke Patients: A Randomized, Single-Blinded Study

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of audiovisual biofeedback-based trunk stabilization training using a pressure biofeedback system (PBS) in stroke patients. Forty-three chronic stroke patients, who had experienced a stroke more than 6 months ago and were able to sit and walk independently, participated in this study. The subjects were randomly allocated to an experimental group (n=21) or a control group (n=22). The experimental group participated in audiovisual biofeedback-based trunk stabilization training for 50 minutes/day, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. The control group underwent trunk stabilization training without any biofeedback. The primary outcome of this study was the thickness of the trunk muscles. The secondary outcomes included static sitting balance ability and dynamic sitting balance ability. The thickness of the trunk muscles, static sitting balance ability, and dynamic sitting balance ability were significantly improved in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). The present study showed that trunk stabilization training using a PBS had a positive effect on the contracted ratio of trunk muscles and balance ability. By providing audiovisual feedback, the PBS enables accurate and effective training of the trunk muscles, and it is an effective method for trunk stabilization.

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Balance Training with Electromyogram-Triggered Functional Electrical Stimulation in the Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci10020080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Kyeongjin Lee

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activation ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Balance Training ◽

Control Group ◽

Static Balance ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Ankle Muscle ◽

Balance Ability ◽

Leg Muscle ◽

Experimental Group

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of balance training with electromyogram-triggered functional electrical stimulation (EMG-triggered FES) to improve static balance, dynamic balance, and ankle muscle activation in stroke patients. Forty-nine participants (>6 months after stroke) were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 25) and the control group (n = 24). The experimental group underwent balance training with EMG-triggered FES for 40 min a day, 5 days a week, for a 6-week period in addition to general rehabilitation. The control group underwent balance training without EMG-triggered FES along with conventional therapy. Outcome measures included static balance ability, dynamic balance ability, and leg muscle activation. The static and dynamic balance abilities were significantly improved after intervention in both groups (p < 0.05), although the experimental group showed considerably greater improvement than the control group (p < 0.05). Leg muscle activation on the affected side resulted in significant improvements in the experimental group (p < 0.05) when compared with baseline but not in the control group. Balance training with EMG-triggered FES is an acceptable and effective intervention to improve the static balance, dynamic balance, and ankle muscle activation in stroke patients.

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Effects of Multi-Directional Step-Up Training with Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation on Gait and Balance Ability in Stroke Patients

WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ◽

10.37394/232015.2021.17.72 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 758-763

Author(s):

Jieun Choi ◽

Joong-Hwi Kim

Keyword(s):

Berg Balance Scale ◽

Auditory Stimulation ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation ◽

Before And After ◽

Balance Ability ◽

Functional Gait ◽

Experimental Group ◽

10 Meter Walk Test

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multi-directional step-up training with rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait and balance ability in stroke patients and also to help develop fall prevention and exercise programs for returning to daily life after stroke. The intervention method was randomly assigned to sixteen stroke patients, eight patients each in the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group carried out multi-directional step-up training with rhythmic auditory stimulation, and the control group performed only multi-directional step-up training. The training proceeded twelve times for 30 minutes for four weeks, and functional gait assessment, 10-meter walk test, and dynamic (by the Berg balance scale) and static (by Balancia software, Mintosys, Korea) balance ability assessments were conducted to examine the effect of the training on improving balance and gait ability. The study compared and analyzed the differences in the amount of change within the groups before and after training, and the differences in the amount of change between the two groups. Both groups showed more improved results after training than before in all assessments that measured gait and balance ability (p < 0.05). However, the experimental group showed a greater difference in the amount of change in every gait and balance ability assessment compared to the control group. (p < 0.05). Therefore, multi-directional step-up training can be an efficient intervention to improve the gait and balance ability of stroke patients and when accompanied by rhythmic auditory stimulation, the effectiveness could be maximized.

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The effects of Kinesio taping-combined exercise on the balance and gait ability of hemiplegic patients

World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0700 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 322-328

Author(s):

Young-Han Park ◽

Dae-Hwan Lee ◽

Youn-Bum Sung

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremities ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Comparison ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Combined Exercise ◽

Kinesio Taping ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Balance Ability ◽

Stance Time ◽

Experimental Group

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of the Kinesio taping method on the balance ability and gait ability of hemiplegic stroke patients by applying it to the lower extremities of the ankle on the affected side, addressing instability and asymmetry by improving the stability of the muscles and ankle joint. Methods: This study confirmed the general characteristics of hemiplegic patients diagnosed with stroke. Kinesio taping was applied to the lower extremities of 15 subjects in the experimental group, and they performed mat and treadmill exercises. In addition, basic mat and treadmill exercises were performed by the 15 subjects in the control group. The exercise regimens were performed 18 times: three times a week for six weeks. Results: In the paired-sample T-test used for within-group comparison of BBS, TUG and stance time on nonparetic side value, there was a significant difference between pre- and post-test for experimental group. However, in the control group, there was a statistically significant difference only in TUG. In the inter-group comparison, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in BBS, TUG and stance time on nonparetic side value compared to the control group. Conclusion: The experiment’s results demonstrate that the application of Kinesio taping-combined exercise provides stability of the muscles and ankle joints of the lower extremities during walking by improving balance ability, and improves overall gait stability by increasing the stance phase time of the affected side in hemiplegic stroke patients.

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Effects of Trunk Stabilization Exercises on Different Support Surfaces on the Cross-sectional Area of the Trunk Muscles and Balance Ability

Journal of Physical Therapy Science ◽

10.1589/jpts.25.741 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 741-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Sea Hyun Bae ◽

Hong Gyun Lee ◽

Young Eok Kim ◽

Gye Yeop Kim ◽

Hyun Woo Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Trunk Muscles ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Balance Ability ◽

The Cross ◽

Support Surfaces ◽

Trunk Stabilization

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Effect of real-time ultrasound imaging for biofeedback on trunk muscle contraction in healthy subjects: a preliminary study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-37368/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shanshan Lin ◽

Bo Zhu ◽

Yiyi Zheng ◽

Guozhi Huang ◽

Qing Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Contraction ◽

Real Time ◽

Ultrasound Imaging ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Transversus Abdominis ◽

Trunk Muscles ◽

Control Group ◽

Visual Biofeedback ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Background: Real-time ultrasound imaging (RUSI) has been increasingly used as a form of biofeedback when instructing and re-training muscle contraction. However, the effectiveness of the RUSI on a single sustained contraction of the lumbar multifidus (LM) and transversus abdominis (TrA) has rarely been reported. This preliminary study aimed to determine if the use of RUSI, as visual biofeedback, could enhance the ability of activation and continuous contraction of the trunk muscles including LM and TrA.Methods: Forty healthy individuals were included and randomly assigned into the experimental group and control group. All subjects performed a preferential activation of the LM and/or TrA (maintained the constraction of LM and/or TrA for 30 seconds and then relaxed for two minutes), while those in the experimental group also received visual feedback provided by RUSI. The thickness of LM and/or TrA at rest and during contraction (Tc-max, T15s, and T30s) were extracted and recorded. The experiment was repeated three times.Results: No significant differences were found in the thickness of LM at rest (P > 0.999), Tc-max (P > 0.999), and T15s (P = 0.414) between the two groups. However, the ability to recruit LM muscle contraction differed between groups at T30s (P = 0.006), with subjects in the experimental group that received visual ultrasound biofeedback maintaining a relative maximum contraction. Besides, no significant differences were found in the TrA muscle thickness at rest (P > 0.999) and Tc-max (P > 0.999) between the two groups. However, significant differences of contraction thickness were found at T15s (P = 0.031) and T30s (P = 0.010) between the two groups during the Abdominal Drawing-in Maneuver (ADIM), with greater TrA muscle contraction thickness in the experimental group.Conclusions: RUSI can be used to provide visual biofeedback, which can promote continuous contraction, and improve the ability to activate the LM and TrA muscles in healthy subjects.

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Study on Nursing Effect of Individualized Health Education Combined with Cognitive Training in Elderly Stroke Patients

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.5.1.89 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 3168-3173

Author(s):

NING Min ◽

ZENG Hui

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Health Education ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Daily Life ◽

Self Care ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Routine Treatment ◽

Experimental Group

Objective To study the nursing effect of individualized health education combined with cognitive training in elderly stroke patients. Methods 112 elderly stroke patients treated in the Department of Neurology of our hospital from January to June 2017 were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. In the control group, routine treatment, nursing and rehabilitation exercises were carried out, and regular health education was carried out. The experimental group, on the basis of routine treatment, nursing and rehabilitation exercise, carried out individualized health education and cognitive training combining the content of individualized health education. The effect of intervention was evaluated by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA), health education questionnaire, daily life self-care scale (ADL) and nurse job satisfaction questionnaire before intervention, at the end of intervention for 4 weeks and at the end of intervention for 12 weeks. Results At the end of 4th and 12th week after intervention, the scores o MoCA, the awareness rate of health education, ADL and job satisfaction of nurses were higher than those before intervention, and the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Individualized health education combined with cognitive training can effectively improve the patients’ cognitive function, improve the patients’ awareness of stroke disease and the compliance of health education, improve the patients’ self-care ability in daily life and the satisfaction of nursing work, so as to improve the patients’ quality of life and quality of living.

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Effects of Training for Finger Perception on Functional Recovery of Hemiplegic Upper Limbs in Acute Stroke Patients

Occupational Therapy International ◽

10.1155/2019/6508261 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Naho Umeki ◽

Jun Murata ◽

Misako Higashijima

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Functional Recovery ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Sensory Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Pressure Threshold ◽

Sensory Training ◽

Experimental Group

Background. Stroke causes severe disability, including motor and sensory impairments. We hypothesized that upper limb functional recovery after stroke may be augmented by combining treatments for motor and sensory functions. In order to examine this hypothesis, we conducted a controlled trial on rehabilitation for sensory function to the plegic hand. Methods. The sensory training program consisted of several types of discrimination tasks performed under blind conditions. The sensory training program was performed for 20 min per day, 5 days a week. An experimental group of 31 patients followed this sensory program, while a control group of 25 patients underwent standard rehabilitation. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated by the tactile-pressure threshold, handgrip strength, and the completion time of manipulating objects. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess interactions between group and time. Moreover, to provide a meaningful analysis for comparisons, effect sizes were calculated using Cohen’s d. Results. The mean change in the tactile pressure threshold was significantly larger in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05, d=0.59). Moreover, the completion times to manipulate a middle-sized ball (d=0.53) and small ball (d=0.80) and a small metal disc (d=0.81) in the experimental group were significantly different from those in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion. The present results suggest that the sensory training program to enhance finger discrimination ability contributes to improvements in not only sensory function but also manual function in stroke patients. The trial is registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000032025).

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EFFICACY OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (FNMES) IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF HAND FUNCTIONS IN ACUTE STROKE SURVIVALS

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703606 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 02 (04) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

Mohamed Faisal C. K. ◽

Priyabandani Neha Om Prakash ◽

Ajith S.

Keyword(s):

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Acute Stroke ◽

Hand Function ◽

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Hand Functions ◽

Conventional Physiotherapy ◽

Block Test ◽

Experimental Group

AbstractStroke is a worldwide health problem. Hand function is one of the important factors which are affected in stroke. Stroke patients are usually given a conventional physiotherapy but if an additional FNMES is given it might show better improvement. By keeping these facts in view, the present study aims at evaluating and comparing the efficacy of conventional physiotherapy and adding FNMES will make any better outcome in the acute stroke survivals. The subjects were randomly assigned to any of the two groups; control group consisted of 15 subjects who received only conventional therapy for 4 weeks and experimental group consisting of 15 subjects who received an additional FNMES along with conventional physiotherapy for 4 weeks. The hand function was assessed on day 1 and to know the recovery, at the end of four weeks of intervention with the help of action research arm test (ARAT) and box and block test (BBT). At the end of 4 weeks of intervention both the groups showed significant improvements. On ARAT, control group showed a mean of 10.2000 whereas, experimental group showed mean of 20.8000 with p = 0.001 (p ≤ 0.05) and on BBT, the control group showed a mean of 21.666 and experimental group showed 30.933 with p = 0.41 (p ≤ S 0.05). Therefore the study concludes that, though there was improvement in both the groups, the experimental group who received an additional FNMES along with conventional physiotherapy showed better improvement in hand functions in the acute stroke survivals.

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Effects of a core stabilization training program on balance ability in persons with Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled trial

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/0269215520918631 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 764-772

Author(s):

Irene Cabrera-Martos ◽

Ana Teresa Jiménez-Martín ◽

Laura López-López ◽

Janet Rodríguez-Torres ◽

Araceli Ortiz-Rubio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Dynamic Balance ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Core Stability ◽

Control Group ◽

Balance Confidence ◽

Balance Ability ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: To explore the effects of an eight-week core stability program on balance ability in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: A local Parkinson’s association. Subjects: A total of 44 participants with a clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease were randomly assigned to an experimental ( n = 22) or control group ( n = 22). Intervention: The experimental group received 24 sessions of core training, while the control group received an intervention including active joint mobilization, muscle stretching, and motor coordination exercises. Main measures: The primary outcome measure was dynamic balance evaluated using the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test. Secondary outcomes included the balance confidence assessed with the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale and standing balance assessed by the maximal excursion of center of pressure during the Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance and the Limits of Stability test. Results: After treatment, a significant between-group improvement in dynamic balance was observed in the experimental group compared to the control group (change, 2.75 ± 1.80 vs 0.38 ± 2.15, P = 0.002). The experimental group also showed a significant improvement in confidence (change, 16.48 ± 16.21 vs 3.05 ± 13.53, P = 0.047) and maximal excursion of center of pressure in forward (change, 0.86 ± 1.89 cm vs 0.17 ± 0.26 cm, P = 0.048), left (change, 0.88 ± 2.63 cm vs 0.07 ± 0.48 cm, P = 0.010), and right (change, 1.63 ± 2.82 cm vs 0.05 ± 0.17 cm, P = 0.046) directions of limits of stability compared to the control group. Conclusion: A program based on core stability in comparison with non-specific exercise benefits dynamic balance and confidence and increases center of mass excursion in patients with Parkinson’s disease.

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