A New Calculation Method of Dynamic Kill Fluid Density Variation during Deep Water Drilling

There are plenty of uncertainties and enormous challenges in deep water drilling due to complicated shallow flow and deep strata of high temperature and pressure. This paper investigates density of dynamic kill fluid and optimum density during the kill operation process in which dynamic kill process can be divided into two stages, that is, dynamic stable stage and static stable stage. The dynamic kill fluid consists of a single liquid phase and different solid phases. In addition, liquid phase is a mixture of water and oil. Therefore, a new method in calculating the temperature and pressure field of deep water wellbore is proposed. The paper calculates the changing trend of kill fluid density under different temperature and pressure by means of superposition method, nonlinear regression, and segment processing technique. By employing the improved model of kill fluid density, deep water kill operation in a well is investigated. By comparison, the calculated density results are in line with the field data. The model proposed in this paper proves to be satisfactory in optimizing dynamic kill operations to ensure the safety in deep water.

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Analysis of Coupled Wellbore Temperature and Pressure Calculation Model and Influence Factors under Multi-Pressure System in Deep-Water Drilling

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12183533 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 3533 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ruiyao Zhang ◽

Jun Li ◽

Gonghui Liu ◽

Hongwei Yang ◽

Hailong Jiang

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Calculation Model ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Pressure System ◽

Hole Pressure ◽

Bottom Hole Pressure ◽

Bottom Hole ◽

Pressure Calculation ◽

Wellbore Temperature ◽

Temperature And Pressure

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the variation of wellbore temperature and bottom-hole pressure with key factors in the case of coupled temperature and pressure under multi-pressure system during deep-water drilling circulation. According to the law of energy conservation and momentum equation, the coupled temperature and pressure calculation model under multi-pressure system is developed by using the comprehensive convective heat transfer coefficient. The model is discretized and solved by finite difference method and Gauss Seidel iteration respectively. Then the calculation results of this paper are compared and verified with previous research models and field measured data. The results show that when the multi-pressure system is located in the middle formation, the temperature of the annulus corresponding to location of the system is the most affected, and the temperature of the other areas in annulus is hardly affected. However, when the multi-pressure system is located at the bottom hole, the annulus temperature is greatly affected from bottom hole to mudline. In addition, the thermo-physical parameters of the drilling fluid can be changed by overflow and leakage. When only overflow occurs, the annulus temperature increases the most, but the viscosity decreases the most. When only leakage occurs, the annulus temperature decreases the most and the viscosity increases the most. However, when the overflow rate is greater than the leakage rate, the mud density and bottom-hole pressure increase the most, and both increase the least when only leakage occurs. Meanwhile, bottom-hole pressure increases with the increase of pump rate but decreases with the increase of inlet temperature. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for safe drilling in complex formations such as multi-pressure systems.

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Coupled modeling circulating temperature and pressure of gas–liquid two phase flow in deep water wells

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.petrol.2012.06.017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92-93 ◽

pp. 124-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xuncheng Song ◽

Zhichuan Guan

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Two Phase Flow ◽

Phase Flow ◽

Coupled Modeling ◽

Two Phase ◽

Water Wells ◽

Temperature And Pressure

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Study on process development and property evaluation of sol-gel derived magnesia stabilized zirconia minispheres

Materials Science-Poland ◽

10.2478/s13536-013-0190-9 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 145-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Judes ◽

V. Kamaraj

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Process Development ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Processing Technique ◽

Density Variation ◽

Phase Identification ◽

Stabilized Zirconia ◽

Grinding Media

AbstractIn order to overcome limitations in the processing parameters of powder compaction method, a novel processing technique based on sol-gel route has been developed to produce near-net-shaped prototype fine zirconia minispheres with required properties that could potentially be used as grinding media. Impact of magnesia concentration and sintering temperature on the final product has been analyzed in detail. Zirconia minispheres have been characterized to establish a correlation between physical, structural and mechanical properties. Sintering temperature, soaking period, heating rate and viscosity of the sol apparently influence the characteristics of the magnesia stabilized zirconia minispheres. The phase identification, density variation, chemical decomposition, functional group specification, surface area, porosity, shrinkage and microstructural features of the dried and sintered final product have been studied. It has been observed that magnesia content, sintering temperature, density and the grain size of the sintered minispheres have a significant impact on the mechanical properties of the final product.

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Comparison of Initial and Improved Hertz-Damp Model for Structural Pounding Simulation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.686 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 243-249 ◽

pp. 686-690 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong Qiang Yang ◽

Li Li Xie

Keyword(s):

Contact Stiffness ◽

Superposition Method ◽

Restitution Coefficient ◽

Initial Model ◽

Collision System ◽

Structural Pounding ◽

Mode Superposition Method ◽

Nonlinear Contact ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Improved Model

In order to compare the initial and improved Hertz-damp model, the dynamic equations of collision system were established based on Hertz-damp model and mode superposition method. Hertz-damp model can account for the influence of the nonlinear contact stiffness as well as the energy loss during structural pounding. The results analysis show that the initial model have the same simulation results with the improved model initial model when the restitution coefficient or the contact stiffness large enough. For typical concrete structural pounding, the initial model is available.

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A Prediction Model of Pressure Loss of Cement Slurry in Deep-Water HTHP Directional Wells

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14238180 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (23) ◽

pp. 8180

Author(s):

Kunhong Lv ◽

Hao Huang ◽

Xingqiang Zhong ◽

Yian Tong ◽

Xingjie Ling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prediction Model ◽

Deep Water ◽

Pressure Loss ◽

Maximum Error ◽

Stability And Convergence ◽

Transient Temperature ◽

Cement Slurry ◽

Hydration Kinetics ◽

Comparison Results ◽

Temperature And Pressure

The exploitations of deep-water wells often use directional well drilling to reach the target layer. Affected by special environments in deep water, the prediction of pressure loss of cement slurry is particularly important. This paper presents a prediction model of pressure loss suitable for deep-water directional wells. This model takes the complex interaction between the temperature, pressure and hydration kinetics of cement slurry into account. Based on the initial and boundary conditions, the finite difference method is used to discretize and calculate the model to ensure the stability and convergence of the result calculated by this model. Finally, the calculation equation of the model is used to predict the transient temperature and pressure loss of Wells X1 and X2, and a comparison is made between the predicted value and the monitoring data. The comparison results show that the maximum error between the temperature and pressure predicted by the model and the field measured value is within 6%. Thus, this model is of high accuracy and can meet the needs of site construction. It is concluded that this result can provide reliable theoretical guidance for temperature and pressure prediction, as well as the anti-channeling design of HTHP directional wells.

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C O2 velocity measurement and models for temperatures up to 200°C and pressures up to 100 MPa

Geophysics ◽

10.1190/1.3383324 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. E123-E129 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

De-Hua Han ◽

Min Sun ◽

Micheal Batzle

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Critical Point ◽

Velocity Measurement ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Empirical Models ◽

Measured Data ◽

Seismic Properties ◽

Liquid Phases ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

Text Component

Studies on how the velocity of [Formula: see text] is affected by temperature and pressure are important for understanding seismic properties of fluid and rock systems with a [Formula: see text] component. We carried out laboratory experiments to investigate velocity of [Formula: see text] in temperatures ranging from [Formula: see text] and pressures ranging from [Formula: see text], in which [Formula: see text] is in a liquid phase. The results show that under the above conditions, in general, the velocity of [Formula: see text] increases as pressure increases and temperature decreases. Near the critical point ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]), the velocity of [Formula: see text] reaches a minimum and has a complicated behavior with temperature and pressure conditions due to the [Formula: see text] transition between gas and liquid phases. We also developed preliminary empirical models to calculate the velocity of [Formula: see text] based on newly measured data.

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Evaluation of density variations to determine impact on sterile compounding

American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy ◽

10.1093/ajhp/zxab440 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lindsey B Amerine ◽

Tyler Pasour ◽

Shannon “JJ” Johnson ◽

Jordyn P Higgins ◽

Jacqueline Pyle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Density Variation ◽

Density Difference ◽

Meaningful Difference ◽

Average Difference ◽

Calculated Density ◽

Hazardous Drugs ◽

Manual Calculation ◽

Measured Density

Abstract Purpose To determine the density variation between (1) the measured density and manually calculated density, (2) density variation of different lots, and (3) density variation of different drug manufacturers in order to support institutions using gravimetric compounding methods. Summary Seventeen sterile injectable ingredient (drug) vials frequently used to make compounded sterile products (CSPs) were identified based on the ability to ensure that for each drug there were vials produced by 2 different manufacturers and 2 lots produced by the same manufacturer. Each drug’s density was measured using a density meter and by manual calculation using the institution’s density formula. Density differences were compared between the 2 different methods. Overall, the average drug density difference between the measured versus calculated density was determined to be 0.022. Further analysis revealed the average difference between the different lot numbers of the same manufacturers was 0.005 for the nonhazardous drugs and 0.0001 for the hazardous drugs. The average difference between the different manufacturers of the same drug was determined to be 0.008 for the nonhazardous drugs and 0.001 for hazardous drugs. Conclusion No clinically meaningful difference exists when manually calculating a drug’s density compared to measuring a drug’s density using a density meter. In addition, there does not appear to be a sizeable density variation between the same drugs in separate lots or produced by different manufacturers.

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Dynamic Coarsening of Austenite Dendrite in Lamellar Cast Iron Part 1 - Investigation Based on Interrupted Solidification

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.205 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 790-791 ◽

pp. 205-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Attila Diószegi ◽

Rubén Lora ◽

Vasilios Fourlakidis

Keyword(s):

Cast Iron ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Primary Dendrite ◽

Gray Iron ◽

Density Variation ◽

Hydraulic Diameter ◽

Hypoeutectic Alloy ◽

Dendrite Morphology ◽

Interdendritic Space

Dynamic coarsening of austenite dendrite in lamellar cast iron has been studied for a hypoeutectic alloy. The common morphological parameter to characterize dynamic coarsening, secondary dendrite arm space has been replaced by the Modulus of primary dendrite ( MPD ) and the Hydraulic diameter of the interdendritic space ( DHydIP ) to interpret the dynamic coarsening with respect to the local solidification time. The obtained results demonstrate the coarsening process of both the solid and liquid phase. The interdendritic space is increasing as the contact time between the solid and liquid phase increases. The ratio between the DHydIP/MPD is strongly dependent on the precipitated fraction primary austenite indicating clearly the morphology variation during coarsening. The interrupted solidification method demonstrate that the observed coarsening process is not only a combination of the increasing fraction precipitated solid phase and the rearrangement of the solid liquid interphase curvature but the volume change due to density variation is also contribute to the coarsening process. Keywords: dendrite morphology, hydraulic diameter, interdendritic space, gray iron.

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