scholarly journals Impact of Fitness Status on the Optically Measured Hemodynamic Indexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Kuznik ◽  
Y. N. Smolyakov ◽  
S. O. Davydov ◽  
N. N. Tsybikov ◽  
O. G. Maksimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Physical Load ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Cutaneous Blood

The physiological characteristics of skin blood flow can be described in terms of the hemodynamic indices (HI). The HI is derived from the laser speckle characteristics, which are governed by the cutaneous blood flow. A miniaturized dynamic light-scattering sensor was used to measure the speckle pattern from the finger root. Three groups of subjects from 15 to 25 years of age were tested. The first group included subjects who are actively engaged in sport activities; the second group included subjects with low level of physical activity; and the third group included healthy controls with moderate physical activity. The HI parameters were measured prior to and after the performance of a determined physical load. As a marker of cardiovascular fitness (CVF), we used the postload decay rate of HI. We found that the hemodynamic response to the physical load provides a statistically significant correlation with the postload heart rate decay. It was also found that postocclusion increase of the arterial HI is more prominent in the group with higher physical activity. These results indicate that hemodynamic indices can be used as an additional marker for cardiovascular fitness level.

scholarly journals Hallucal thenar index: A new index to detect peripheral arterial disease using laser speckle flowgraphy

Vascular ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 170853812093893
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Tsunekawa ◽  
Fumio Nagai ◽  
Tamon Kato ◽  
Ikkei Takashimizu ◽  
Daisuke Yanagisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽  
Skin Perfusion ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Cutaneous Blood

Objectives Laser speckle flowgraphy is a technology using reflected scattered light for visualization of blood distribution, which can be used to measure relative velocity of blood flow easily without contact with the skin within a short time. It was hypothesized that laser speckle flowgraphy may be able to identify foot ischemia. This study was performed to determine whether laser speckle flowgraphy could distinguish between subjects with and without peripheral arterial disease. Materials and methods All subjects were classified based on clinical observations using the Rutherford classification: non-peripheral arterial disease, class 0; peripheral arterial disease group, class 2–5. Rutherford class 6 was one of the exclusion criteria. Laser speckle flowgraphy measured the beat strength of skin perfusion as an indicator of average dynamic cutaneous blood flow change synchronized with the heartbeat. The beat strength of skin perfusion indicates the strength of the heartbeat on the skin, and the heartbeat strength calculator in laser speckle flowgraphy uses the blood flow data to perform a Fourier transform to convert the temporal changes in blood flow to a power spectrum. A total of 33 subjects with peripheral arterial disease and 40 subjects without peripheral arterial disease at a single center were prospectively examined. Laser speckle flowgraphy was used to measure hallucal and thenar cutaneous blood flow, and the measurements were repeated three times. The hallucal and thenar index was defined as the ratio of beat strength of skin perfusion value on hallux/beat strength of skin perfusion value on ipsilateral thenar eminence. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the median values of hallucal and thenar index and ankle brachial index between the two groups. A receiver operating characteristic curve for hallucal and thenar index of beat strength of skin perfusion was plotted, and a cutoff point was set. The correlation between hallucal and thenar index of beat strength of skin perfusion and ankle brachial index was explored in all subjects, the hemodialysis group, and the non-hemodialysis (non-hemodialysis) group. Results The median value of the hallucal and thenar index of beat strength of skin perfusion was significantly different between subjects with and without peripheral arterial disease (0.27 vs. 0.87, respectively; P <  0.001). The median value of ankle brachial index was significantly different between subjects with and without peripheral arterial disease (0.8 vs. 1.1, respectively; P <  0.001). Based on the receiver operating characteristic of hallucal and thenar index, the cutoff was 0.4416 and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 68.7%, 95%, 91.7%, and 77.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients of all subjects, the hemodialysis group, and the non-hemodialysis group were 0.486, 0.102, and 0.743, respectively. Conclusions Laser speckle flowgraphy is a noninvasive, rapid, and widely applicable method. Laser speckle flowgraphy using hallucal and thenar index would be helpful to determine the differences between subjects with and without peripheral arterial disease. The correlation between hallucal and thenar index of beat strength of skin perfusion and ankle brachial index indicated that this index was especially useful in the non-hemodialysis group.

scholarly journals Effects of local pressure on cutaneous blood flow in pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 498-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Luciano Holger Toledano Vaena ◽  
João Paulo Sinnecker ◽  
Bruno Benedetti Pinto ◽  
Mario Fritsch Toros Neves ◽  
Fernando Serra-Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Initial Pressure ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cutaneous Blood Flow ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Cutaneous Blood

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effects of increasing pressures on the cutaneous blood flow in the skin of pigs. Methods: we conducted an experimental study in pigs submitted to subcutaneous magnetic implants (n=30). After healing, were applied external magnets with varying magnetic forces to the skin, generating compression. We evaluated the cutaneous circulation of the skin under compression by the Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) technique. We measured the depth of the implants by ultrasonography, and applied computational simulations to the calculation of the different pressure values, considering the different distances between implants and external magnets. Results: nineteen implants presented complications. The remaining 11 were submitted to different magnetic compression forces and perfusion analysis. Two linear regression models showed an inverse correlation between exerted pressure and cutaneous perfusion, with significant variation, mainly in the initial pressure increases, of up to 20mmHg. Conclusion: The main reduction in cutaneous blood flow resulted from initial increases of up to 20 mmHg. The results suggest that tissue ischemia can occur even in low-pressure regimes, which could contribute to the appearance of skin lesions, particularly ulcers related to medical devices.

scholarly journals Guidelines for obtaining an absolute blood flow index with laser speckle contrast imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smrithi Sunil ◽  
Sharvari Zilpelwar ◽  
David A Boas ◽  
Dmitry D Postnov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Scattering Media ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging ◽  
Speckle Contrast ◽  
Blood Flow Index

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a technique broadly applied in research and clinical settings for full-field characterization of tissue perfusion. It is based on the analysis of speckle pattern contrast, which can be theoretically related to the decorrelation time - a quantitative measure of dynamics. A direct contrast to decorrelation time conversion, however, requires prior knowledge of specific parameters of the optical system and scattering media and thus is often impractical. For this reason, and because of the nature of some of the most common applications, LSCI is historically used to measure relative blood flow change. Over time, the belief that the absolute blood flow index measured with LSCI is not a reliable metric and thus should not be used has become more widespread. This belief has resulted from the use of LSCI to compare perfusion in different animal models and to obtain longitudinal blood flow index observations without proper consideration given to the stability of the measurement. Here, we aim to clarify the issues that give rise to variability in the repeatability of the quantitative blood flow index and to present guidelines on how to make robust absolute blood flow index measurements with conventional single-exposure LSCI. We also explain how to calibrate contrast to compare measurements from different systems and show examples of applications that are enabled by high repeatability.

scholarly journals A review of the clinical applications and performance of laser speckle contrast imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Muhsin Billah Bin Khashru ◽  
Zeng Tao Wang ◽  
Bilkis Akthar ◽  
Md Faisal Talukder
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Coherent Light ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Speckle Contrast ◽  
And Performance

<p class="abstract">Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a useful tool for visualizing full-field blood flow images. Speckle pattern is formed when a coherent light illuminates a rough object, and the backscattered radiation is transformed into images and be shown on a screen. Movement within the object results in the fluctuation of patterns over time. The same data can be obtained by employing the Doppler effect, yet producing a two-dimensional Doppler map needs scanning; speckle imaging renders the same information without the requirement to scan. Nowadays, LSCI has gained expanded consideration, in part because of its accelerated adoption for blood flow studies in the different surgical departments. Here we represent and review the application of laser speckle contrast methods to the field of perfusion visualization as clinical studies from various medical fields and discuss the limitations hindering clinical acceptance.</p>

Physical Activity Level During Pandemic - A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Ioan Niculaie Negru ◽  
István Baloga ◽  
Álmos András
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Entire Society ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT. The aim of our study was to find out about physical activity level, during this pandemic period. Nowadays the entire society is affected, by this pandemic, socially, economically and sport activities as well. According to our data, people from this sample have a high level of physical activity, but they declared to have a lower fitness level reported to previous years.

Assessment of Cardiovascular Fitness amongst College Students Involved in Sport Activities and Dance

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Rujuta Malshe ◽  
Sambhaji B. Gunjal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Short Bout ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Average Fitness

Purpose- To provide an appropriate measure of cardiovascular fitness. The YMCA 3minute step test is based on how quickly your heart rate recovers following a short bout of exercise. Hence the purpose was to provide a submaximal measure of endurance fitness between the students who are involved in sport activities and dance. Methodology- According to simple random sampling 40 participants were included in the study after screening for the inclusion criteria. Thereafter the Participants were divided into 2 groups. 20 participants included in sports group and 20 in dance group. They were explained the purpose of the study and the procedure involved in the study. Informed Consent was obtained and a YMCA 3minute step test was done. Heart rate measures were recorded in both the groups of population. Data analysis was done at the end of the study. Results – 12 students in the sports group had a good to above average fitness level, and 3 students in dancing group had a above average fitness. No student in dance had a good fitness. Further 7 students in dance had a average fitness compared to 2 students in sports who had average fitness. 6 students involved in sports had below average to very poor fitness and 10 students involved in dance had their fitness in this category. Conclusion- It was concluded from the results obtained that the students involved in sport activities had a significantly good cardiovascular fitness than students involved in dance. Keywords: cardiovascular fitness, sports, dance, YMCA 3minute step test.

Impact of Physical Activity on Executive Functions in Aging: A Selective Effect on Inhibition Among Old Adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffroy K. Boucard ◽  
Cédric T. Albinet ◽  
Aurélia Bugaiska ◽  
Cédric A. Bouquet ◽  
David Clarys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
The Impact

The purposes of this study were to determine the impact of physical activity on three different executive functions (shifting, inhibition, and updating) and to examine whether cardiovascular fitness was a good mediator of the positive link(s) between these variables. Sixty-three young adults (18–28 years), 30 young-old adults (60–70 years) and 30 old adults (71–81 years) were divided into physically active and sedentary groups according to physical activity level (assessed from an accelerometer and the Historical Leisure Activity Questionnaire). Cardiovascular fitness was assessed by VO2max from the Rockport 1 mile. Each executive function was assessed through three different experimental tasks. ANCOVAs revealed that the effect of physical activity level was specific to the old adults and significant for inhibition, but not for updating and shifting. Mediation analysis showed that this positive effect in the old adults group was mediated by cardiovascular fitness level. The present findings highlight the positive linkages among physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and inhibition in aging.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Boryana Tumanova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The People ◽  
Motor Activities ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Level Of Motivation

Physical activity among the older population of Bulgaria is a matter related to health prevention, improving the quality of life and recovery after illness. In this work, we present data from a study held with people aged 65-80 years, citizens of Sofia city. Our goal was to determine the place of physical exercise in their daily lives and the role of sports teacher for the formation of motivation in them for leading an active lifestyle. The analysis shows lack of information on the wide variety of motor activities suitable for this age group as well as low level of motivation for sport activities. We conclude that it is necessary to provide sources of information to the people of the third age, which will educate them about the benefits of the active way of life and what possibilities for access to various sports activities are there. Medium intensity workout or a daily walk outdoors would help not only to improve their fitness level but also to maintain the necessary mental health and social activity.

scholarly journals THE ASSESSMENT OF EMOTIONAL STRESS UNDER COGNITIVE LOAD IN MALES WITH A DIFFERENT LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Ivan Borisovich Sivachenko ◽  
Dmitrii Stanislavovich Medvedev ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Different Levels

Background. In view of the continuous increase in the importance of information technologies in all spheres of society, the problem of the effect of significant cognitive loads that accompany information stress becomes extremely urgent. The article presents an analysis of studies (2018–2019) on resistance to cognitive loads in males with different levels of physical activity. Aim. The article aims to evaluate the dynamics of psychophysiological reactions to cognitive load in males with different levels of physical activity. Materials and methods. Regulatory mechanisms were assessed using the index of functional changes. The simulated load consisted in the Gorbov–Schulte table to be made in the conditions of time deficit, increased motivation and interference. Continuous recording of vascular tone, vascular blood flow, heart rate, electrical skin activity was performed. It is established that a different level of physical activity is specifically associated with the adaptation of a person to a significant cognitive load. Results. The dynamics of skin electrical activity, heart rate, vascular tone and vascular blood flow in people with moderate physical activity reflects optimal reactions to load. Conclusion. Persons systematically involved in physical activity in these conditions have a higher adaptive capacity of the vascular part in comparison with professional athletes and people not engaged in physical activity.

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