scholarly journals The Role of Galectins in Cervical Cancer Biology and Progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufang Wang ◽  
Yanyan Zhao ◽  
Yanshi Wang ◽  
Xin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Late Recurrence ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Galectin 3

Cervical cancer is one of the malignant tumors with high incidence and high mortality among women in developing countries. The main factors affecting the prognosis of cervical cancer are the late recurrence and metastasis and the effective adjuvant treatment, which is radiation and chemotherapy or combination therapy. Galectins, a family containing many carbohydrate binding proteins, are closely involved in the occurrence and development of tumor. They are involved in tumor cells transformation, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune escape, and sensitivity against radiation and chemotherapy. Therefore, galectins are deemed as the targets of multifunctional cancer treatment. In this review, we mainly focus on the role of galectins, especially galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-7, and galectin-9 in cervical cancer, and provide theoretical basis for potential targeted treatment of cervical cancer.

The role of programmed cell death ligand-1/ programmed cell death-1 (PD-L1/PD-1) in HPV-induced cervical cancer and potential for their use in blockade therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifang Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Quanmei Tu ◽  
Xiangyang Xue ◽  
Xueqiong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1

Background: Cervical cancer induced by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) remains a leading cause of mortality for women worldwide although preventive vaccines and early diagnosis have reduced morbidity and mortality. Advanced cervical cancer can only be treated with either chemotherapy or radiotherapy but outcomes are poor. The median survival for advanced cervical cancer patients is only 16.8 months. Methods: We undertook a structural search of peer-reviewed published studies based on 1). Characteristics of programmed cell death ligand-1/programmed cell death-1(PD-L1/PD-1) expression in cervical cancer and upstream regulatory signals of PD-L1/PD-1 expression, 2). The role of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis in cervical carcinogenesis induced by HPV infection and 3). Whether the PD-L1/PD-1 axis has emerged as a potential target for cervical cancer therapies. Results: One hundred and twenty-six published papers were included in the review, demonstrating that expression of PD-L1/PD-1 is associated with HPV-caused cancer, especially with HPV 16 and 18 which account for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. HPV E5/E6/E7 oncogenes activate multiple signaling pathways including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, STAT3/NF-kB and MicroRNAs, which regulate PD-L1/PD-1 axis to promote HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis. The PD-L1/PD-1 axis plays a crucial role in immune escape of cervical cancer through inhibition of host immune response. creating an "immune-privileged" site for initial viral infection and subsequent adaptive immune resistance, which provides a rationale for therapeutic blockade of this axis in HPV-positive cancers. Currently, Phase I/II clinical trials evaluating the effects of PD-L1/PD-1 targeted therapies are in progress for cervical carcinoma, which provide an important opportunity for the application of anti-PD-L1/anti-PD-1 antibodies in cervical cancer treatment. Conclusion: Recent research developments have led to an entirely new class of drugs using antibodies against the PD-L1/PD-1 thus promoting the body’s immune system to fight the cancer. The expression and roles of the PD-L1/ PD-1 axis in the progression of cervical cancer provide great potential for using PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies as a targeted cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Management of Giant Gastric Ulcer Perforation: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Nitin Vashistha ◽  
Dinesh Singhal ◽  
Gurpreet Makkar ◽  
Suneel Chakravarty ◽  
Vivek Raj
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Multidetector Ct ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Surgical Options

Giant gastric ulcer (GGU) is defined as an ulcer more than 3 cm in diameter. Now infrequent in clinical practice, in the pre-H2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) era, the incidence of GGU varied between 12 and 24% of all gastric ulcers. Proton pump inhibitors reportedly achieve better healing rates and symptom relief in comparison to H2RA. The GGU is associated with high incidence of serious complications such as hemorrhage. A perforated GGU though rare (<2%) offers serious challenges in management. We report one such case wherein the role of multidetector CT scan (MDCT) for diagnosis and treatment planning, surgical options for GGU perforations, and factors affecting outcome are discussed.

scholarly journals Incidence, trends and histopathological pattern of cervical malignancies at BP Koirala Memorial cancer hospital, Nepal.

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
TB Pathak ◽  
CB Pun ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
S Bastola ◽  
R Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Cancer Hospital ◽  
Carcinoma Of Cervix ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Common Histological Type

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignant tumors worldwide and the leading cause of death from genital malignancies in women. We evaluate the trends and patterns of cervical malignancies in our institution. Materials and Methods: All the tissue slides of cervical malignancies at the department of pathology at BP Koirala Memorial cancer hospital over a period of 3 years (2009-2011) were retrieved and evaluated. Clinical data were obtained from the medical records. Results: A total of 1955 cases were registered as gynecological malignancies, out of which cervical malignancy constitutes 1341 (68%) cases followed by ovarian malignancies 425 (22%) cases. Only 874 cases were included in this study due to inadequate data retrieval. The age range for cervical cancer was 24 to 92 years with a mean age of 42.5 years. Squamous cell carcinoma (92.56%) was the most common histological type of cervical cancer, followed by adenocarcinoma (4.1%). Conclusion: This study has shown a high incidence of carcinoma of cervix at BP Koirala memorial cancer Hospital. Routine cytological screening of the population for cervical cancers is highly necessary as early detection of premalignant lesions. Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, No.1, Issue 5, 386-389 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i5.7863

Abstract 101: Cardiac Deleterious Role of Galectin-3 in Chronic Angiotensin-II Induced Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán E González ◽  
Nour-Eddine Rhaleb ◽  
Xiao- P Yang ◽  
Oscar A Carretero
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Galectin 3

We previously described that chronic infusion with Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases cardiac Galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression, a carbohydrate-binding lectin present on macrophages. Also, Gal-3 was proposed to be a powerful predictor for mortality in patients with heart failure. Nevertheless, the role of Gal-3 in the pathogenesis of end organ damage (EOD) in hypertension is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that in Ang II-induced hypertension, genetic deletion of Gal-3 prevents innate immunity, EOD, and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Male C57 and Gal-3 KO mice were infused with vehicle (V) or Ang II (90 ng/min; s.c.) for 8 weeks and divided into: 1) C57 + V; 2) Gal-3 KO + V; 3) C57 + Ang II and 4) Gal-3 KO + Ang II. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by plestimography weekly. At 8 week, we evaluated 1) LV ejection fraction (EF) by echocardiography; 2) cardiac hypertrophy by LV weight/tibia length; 3) cardiac fibrosis by picrosirius red staining; 4) infiltrated macrophages by CD68+ staining; 5) ICAM-1 protein expression by Western blot; and 6) serum interleukin (IL)-6 by ELISA. We found that despite a similar increase in SBP and LV hypertrophy in both strains on Ang II, Gal-3 KO mice had better reserved EF and decreased inflammatory and fibrotic responses (see Table). Results: (MEAN ± SEM at 8 w) *p<0.05 C57+Ang II and Gal-3 KO+Ang II vs C57+V; ‡ p<0.05 Gal-3 KO+Ang II vs C57+Ang II. Conclusion: In Ang II-induced hypertension, deletion of Gal-3 prevents EOD and LV systolic dysfunction without altering blood pressure and LV hypertrophy. This study indicates that the deleterious effects of Ang II could be in part mediated by Gal-3, which enhanced inflammation and fibrosis.

The Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Malignant Tumors of the Salivary Glands

1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Reinfuss ◽  
Stanislaw Korzeniowski
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Distant Metastases ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
High Incidence

Treatment results in a group of 70 patients with salivary gland tumors were analyzed. Prognosis appeared to correlate with both clinical stage and malignancy of tumors. In patients irradiated postoperatively because of nonradical operation, a higher 5-year survival rate was achieved than in patients after radical surgery. It is suggested that postoperative radiotherapy improves treatment results in patients with T2 and T3 lesions. In unresectable cases (T4) a 13 % 5-year survival was achieved. In patients with highly malignant cancers a high incidence (41.9 %) of distant metastases was observed during the 5-year follow-up.

Factors affecting compliance in the first year of postcolposcopy surveillance among women with a high incidence of cervical cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daungporn Rattanalappaiboon ◽  
Chumnan Kietpeerakool ◽  
Pilaiwan Kleebkaow ◽  
Bandit Chumworathayi ◽  
Sanguanchoke Launratanakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Incidence

Galectin-3: a new biomarker for heart failure progression and prognosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf A. de Boer ◽  
A. Rogier van der Velde
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Heart Failure Progression ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
New Onset

AbstractGalectin-3 is a carbohydrate-binding protein involved in inflammatory and fibrotic processes in various tissues. In the heart, galectin-3 activation has been associated with progression of cardiac fibrosis leading to cardiac remodeling and heart failure development. Clinical studies have shown that galectin-3 is a valuable prognostic marker in cardiovascular disease recognizing patients at risk. Most published results are from cohorts with chronic heart failure patients, but also in patients with acute heart failure, acute cardiac syndromes, as well as in cohorts from the general population. Galectin-3 levels were prognostic when looking at various endpoints, most prominently mortality, new onset heart failure and other cardiovascular endpoints. This review on galectin-3 provides an overview of the biological function of the marker and important findings from animal model studies and summarizes the key results of published analyses of clinical cohorts. The potential future role of galectin-3 is discussed.

scholarly journals LncRNA CAR10 Upregulates PDPK1 to Promote Cervical Cancer Development by Sponging miR-125b-5p

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Hu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Lingxue Gao
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Cervical Cancer Cells ◽  
Cervical Cancer Development

Cervical cancer is one of the malignant tumors that seriously threaten women’s health. The mechanism of development needs to be deeply studied. In recent years, lncRNA has been identified as one of the important factors affecting the malignant progression of tumors. In this study, we illustrated the important mechanism of lncRNA CAR10 in the development of cervical cancer. We found that CAR10 is significantly increased in4 cervical cancer tissues and cells, which can promote the proliferation of cervical cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, indicating that CAR10 is involved in the progression of cervical cancer as an oncogene. Further studies showed that CAR10 is a target gene of miR-125b-5p, and miR-125b-5p can inhibit the effect of CAR10 on the proliferation of cervical cancer cells. In addition, we also found that 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1) is also a target gene of miR-125b-5p, and CAR10 can upregulate the expression level of PDPK1. The results showed that CAR10 acts as a ceRNA to upregulate the expression of PDPK1 by sponging miR-125b-5p. Knockdown of PDPK1 can inhibit the effect of CAR10 on cervical cancer cells. Our study demonstrates that, based on ceRNA mechanism, CAR10/miR-125b-5p/PDPK1 network can regulate the proliferation of cervical cancer cells and play an important role in the development of cervical cancer. In addition, our study also suggests that intervention of CAR10/miR-125b-5p/PDPK1 network may be a new strategy for targeted therapy of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity Is Increased in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients

Hemato ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Kimihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Soranobu Ninomiya ◽  
Takuro Matsumoto ◽  
Nobuhiko Nakamura ◽  
Hiroshi Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Hydroxyanthranilic Acid ◽  
Ido Inhibitors

Tryptophan (TRP) metabolism via the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) subset of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway is one of the most important mechanisms of immune escape in cancer. TRP is converted into several biologically active KYN metabolites. However, the role of KYN metabolic products and related enzymes has not been clarified in patients with hematological malignant tumors. Here, we examined the serum concentrations of TRP, KYN, and the KYN metabolites kynurenic acid, anthranilic acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in 157 patients stratified into five different hematological malignant tumors. KYN was the most abundant product of the TRP metabolic pathway among all five diagnostic categories. Serum KYN was increased in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. The KYN/TRP ratio was significantly higher in MDS patients than in acute myeloid leukemia patients. In conclusion, IDO activity is increased in MDS patients, and IDO inhibitors might represent a new therapeutic approach for MDS treatment.

Critical Review of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Surgery for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. S47-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Colombo ◽  
Michele Peiretti
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer ◽  
High Incidence

Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of female cancer mortality worldwide. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy represents the standard of care for patients with stage IB2-IIIB cervical cancer. However, the lack of radiotherapy departments, especially in developing countries, the presumed high incidence of long-term complications, and the poor control of metastatic disease have brought about the development of different therapeutic approaches such as neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. We reviewed the literature concerning the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.

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