scholarly journals Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Analysis of Three Aquatic Foods in Makoko River, Lagos, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Isaac Opeyemi Ayanda ◽  
Gabriel Adewumi Dedeke ◽  
Ukinebo Imuentiyan Ekhator ◽  
Mary Kufreabasi Etiebet
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Products ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Not At Risk

Three aquatic products, tilapia fish, lobster and crab, were collected from the landing site of fishermen in Makoko, a fishing suburb in Lagos State, Nigeria. They were analyzed for their proximate composition, and concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, and Pb) was also measured in them. The nutrient values varied among the three organisms. The lobsters and crabs had higher protein values while tilapia was richer in lipid and moisture content. In most cases, these differences were not significant. The concentration of heavy metals also differed in the three organisms. All organisms had high concentrations of the three heavy metals analyzed. The heavy metal load as observed in this study is consistent with some previously reported values in literature. Plausible reasons for these differences were discussed in light of size, trophic level, choice of food of the organisms, and anthropogenic activities. It may be advisable that heavy metal concentrations are regularly monitored in edible aquatic food products so that human health is not at risk.

scholarly journals Environmental contamination of heavy metals in some dried fish of coastal regions of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-304
Author(s):  
Suny Akter ◽  
Zeenath Fardous ◽  
Jesmin Aktar ◽  
Md Abdur Rahman ◽  
Muhammed Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Aquatic Food Chain ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Aquatic Food ◽  
High Concentrations

Heavy metals are non-biodegradable substances which cause serious carcinogenic effects on animals and humans. As fish occupy top position of aquatic food chain, it is a major source of heavy metal contamination. The concentration of Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn were 0.0156 - 0.1428, 0.163 - 8.53, 0.0924 - 0.4026, 9.38 - 65.9382, 0.0473 - 0.1981 and 0.1473 - 1.8148 ppm respectively for the fish samples of Cox’s Bazar region while 0.0191 - 0.1386, 0.8445 - 0.1743, 0.102 - 0.4625, 0.102 - 0.4675, 9.7269 - 60.5267, 0.3108 - 0.046 ppm for the fish samples of Saint Martin’s region. Comparatively high concentrations of heavy metals were found to be accumulated in Mola (Amblypharyngodon mola), Rupchanda (Stromateus chinensis) and Chhuri (Trichiurus lepturus). The order of heavy metal concentrations were Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Mn > Cd. The concentration of heavy metals varied from species to species and most of the metals were not significantly correlated, even some metals showed negative correlation among them. Concentration of Fe in some fishes (Mola, Rupchanda and Chhuri) was found higher than WHO guideline values, while other metals exhibited the value below the WHO standard. The results of this study will assist in acquiring information about the level of toxic metals in these regions and to improve the coastal management in these areas in future. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(2): 293-304, 2019

scholarly journals Glycine Betaine Accumulation, Significance and Interests for Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Zohaib Abbas ◽  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
İlkay YAVAŞ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Unexpected biomagnifications and bioaccumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the surrounding environment has become a predicament for all living organisms together with plants. Excessive release of HMs from industrial discharge and other anthropogenic activities has threatened sustainable agricultural practices and limited the overall profitable yield of different plants species. Heavy metals at toxic levels interact with cellular molecules, leading towards the unnecessary generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), restricting productivity and growth of the plants. The application of various osmoprotectants is a renowned approach to mitigate the harmful effects of HMs on plants. In this review, the effective role of glycine betaine (GB) in alleviation of HM stress is summarized. Glycine betaine is very important osmoregulator, and its level varies considerably among different plants. Application of GB on plants under HMs stress successfully improves growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, nutrients uptake, and minimizes excessive heavy metal uptake and oxidative stress. Moreover, GB activates the adjustment of glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) contents in plants under HM stress. Excessive accumulation of GB through the utilization of a genetic engineering approach can successfully enhance tolerance against stress, which is considered an important feature that needs to be investigated in depth.

scholarly journals Enzymes as Biomarkers of Environmental Stress in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Osun State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
Omolara Titilayo Aladesanmi ◽  
Femi Kayode Agboola ◽  
Rapheal Emuebe Okonji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Bioindicator Species

Background. Many natural aquatic bodies have been contaminated with heavy metals released from domestic, industrial and other anthropogenic activities. Fish are an important bioindicator species and play an important role in the monitoring of water pollution. Objectives. This study shows the effect of heavy metals on the distribution of glutathione S-transferases (GST), catalase, rhodanese and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphur transferase (3-MST) isolated from the liver, gills, fins and muscle of Clarias gariepinus. Methods . Glutathione S-transferase, catalase, rhodanese and 3-mercaptopyruvate S-transferase enzymes were isolated from the liver and gills of fish by homogenization of each tissue (with specific buffers for each enzyme) and centrifugation. Serial dilutions of the crude enzymes were then assayed for residual enzymatic activities using standard enzyme assay protocol. Results. The results showed heavy metals in the liver and muscle of the investigated fish. This study indicated significant accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues/organ of the fish from Ilesha, Osogbo and Yakoyo fish ponds. These are three main towns in Osun State where the major occupation is fish farming. The relationship between enzymatic activities and heavy metal content in C gariepinus tissue showed positive and significant (p<0.05) correlations between lead (Pb) and GST as well as chromium (Cr) and GST. This implies that higher concentrations of Pb and Cr induced the expression of greater GST activity in the fish tissue. Conclusions. The study concluded that the pattern of response of GST, catalase, rhodanese and 3-MST activities in the various organs/tissues of C gariepinus to the heavy metals suggests that the excitation or inhibitions of their activities are organ specific. Further biochemical studies of fish tissues/organs are needed to characterize the enzymatic changes associated with heavy metal pollution. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS OF ULVA RETICULATA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Gomathi K ◽  
Anna Sheba L
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Dissolved Metals ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Heavy Metal Analysis

 Objective: Ulva reticulata is a marine edible green seaweed widely distributed along the coastal lines of India. The present study was designed to screen the phytochemicals and evaluate heavy metals content of U. reticulata collected from Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu, India, in the perspective of assessing their therapeutic value and/or safety in relation to its uses.Method: The seaweed sample was subjected to extraction with solvents of different polarities (methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform, and petroleum ether) and screened for phytochemicals according to standard methods. Heavy metal analysis was also performed with the dried sample powder using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES).Result: Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of reducing sugar, proteins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, and anthraquinones. ICP-OES indicated the seaweed to contain relative amount of heavy metals in the order of iron (Fe) > chromium (Cr) > Zinc (Zn) > nickel (Ni) > copper (Cu) > lead (Pb) - cadmium (Cd) and is within the permissible limits set by the WHO/FAO, except Fe and Cr.Conclusion: The different solvent extracts of U. reticulata showed the presence of the number of phytochemicals. Furthermore, the present study has revealed the presence of heavy metals in U. reticulata which can be a representative picture of the dissolved metals in the aquatic phase.

scholarly journals Effects of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, and Cd) on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Pinus halepensis Seedlings in North Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2033
Author(s):  
Chadlia Hachani ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Claudio Cameselle ◽  
Susana Gouveia ◽  
Abdenbi Zine El Abidine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
High Concentrations

The pollution of soils by heavy metals resulting from mining activities is one of the major environmental problems in North Africa. Mycorrhizoremediation using mycorrhizal fungi and adapted plant species is emerging as one of the most innovative methods to remediate heavy metal pollution. This study aims to assess the growth and the nutritional status of ectomycorrhizal Pinus halepensis seedlings subjected to high concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd for possible integration in the restoration of heavy metals contaminated sites. Ectomycorrhizal and non-ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis seedlings were grown in uncontaminated (control) and contaminated soils for 12 months. Growth, mineral nutrition, and heavy metal content were assessed. Results showed that ectomycorrhizae significantly improved shoot and roots dry masses of P. halepensis seedlings, as well as nitrogen shoot content. The absorption of Pb, Zn, and Cd was much higher in the roots than in the shoots, and significantly more pronounced in ectomycorrhizal seedlings—especially for Zn and Cd. The presence of ectomycorrhizae significantly reduced the translocation factor of Zn and Cd and bioaccumulation factor of Pb and Cd, which enhanced the phytostabilizing potential of P. halepensis seedlings. These results support the use of ectomycorrhizal P. halepensis in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated sites.

Horizontal Mobility of Heavy Metals from Dumpsite in North Central States, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
J.D. Bala ◽  
J.J. Musa ◽  
H.I. Mustapha ◽  
I.Y. Yerima ◽  
D.E. Sunday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Central State ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
North Central ◽  
Uppermost Layer ◽  
High Concentrations

Industrialization and population growth has lead to the introduction of toxic substances into the environment as waste from manufacturing  processes. This study describes the horizontal mobility of this waste containing heavy metals from dump sites to the surrounding environment of North Central state, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected within the dumpsites and the immediate surrounding soil at distance of 10m and 20m away to assess the migration and potential bioavailability of Cr, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cu and Al. Total concentration of the heavy metals and their fractionation were determined. The results indicate that heavy metals are more concentrated in the uppermost layer with significant migration down the slope, thereby posing a threat to groundwater quality. In the fractions, the concentrations of the metals follow this sequence: Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn>Cr>Al. The mobility factors of the heavy metals are significantly high indicating high potential mobility and bioavailable forms of these heavy metals. The high concentrations of the heavy metals particularly Cr, as observed in the study is as a result of anthropogenic activities on enrichment of natural soil with bioavailable heavy metals. Consequently, there is a need to be cautious in the way waste that is generated from heavy metals sources is added to natural soil. Key words: Dump site; Environment; Heavy metals; Soil; Waste

scholarly journals Silicon Mechanisms to Ameliorate Heavy Metal Stress in Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolghassem Emamverdian ◽  
Yulong Ding ◽  
Yinfeng Xie ◽  
Sirous Sangari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Metal Uptake ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal Uptake ◽  
Stimulation Of

The increased contaminants caused by anthropogenic activities in the environment and the importance of finding pathways to reduce pollution caused the silicon application to be considered an important detoxification agent. Silicon, as a beneficial element, plays an important role in amelioration of abiotic stress, such as an extreme dose of heavy metal in plants. There are several mechanisms involved in silicon mediation in plants, including the reduction of heavy metal uptake by plants, changing pH value, formation of Si heavy metals, and stimulation of enzyme activity, which can work by chemical and physical pathways. The aim of this paper is to investigate the major silicon-related mechanisms that reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in plants and then to assess the role of silicon in increasing the antioxidant enzyme and nonenzyme activities to protect the plant cell.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Polluted Soils: Effect on Plants and Bioremediation Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. U. Chibuike ◽  
S. C. Obiora
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Polluted Soils

Soils polluted with heavy metals have become common across the globe due to increase in geologic and anthropogenic activities. Plants growing on these soils show a reduction in growth, performance, and yield. Bioremediation is an effective method of treating heavy metal polluted soils. It is a widely accepted method that is mostly carried outin situ; hence it is suitable for the establishment/reestablishment of crops on treated soils. Microorganisms and plants employ different mechanisms for the bioremediation of polluted soils. Using plants for the treatment of polluted soils is a more common approach in the bioremediation of heavy metal polluted soils. Combining both microorganisms and plants is an approach to bioremediation that ensures a more efficient clean-up of heavy metal polluted soils. However, success of this approach largely depends on the species of organisms involved in the process.

Investigation of Soil Heavy Metal in Zhehai Town Huize County Yunnan Based on GIS- Approach and Geostatistics

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3067-3074
Author(s):  
Kun Shi ◽  
Dong Sheng Li ◽  
Bi Yun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Soil Area

1144 sample points were collected using PXRF from an area of 99 square kilometers soil area Zhehai town Huizhe county of Yunnan province to acquire their concentrations and possible sources, and characterize their spatial variability for risk assessment. SPSS16.0 was used to deal the raw date and eliminate the outfits and perform Multivariate analysis (correlation matrix, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis). It discriminate distinct groups of heavy metals. From the Range of the semi-variorum models, it obtained elements spatial structure and the contamination resource caused mainly by natural resource or anthropogenic activities. The result of risk assessment attained the percentage of pollution accounts for whole investigate region, which provides the reference to deal with the soil pollution.

scholarly journals Remediation of Heavy Metals from Soil by Eco Approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Manish Batham ◽  
Jot Sharma ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Heavy Metal Remediation ◽  
High Level

The contamination of soil by anthropogenic activities is of great concern in recent times. There is an urgent demand of reliable and eco-friendly approaches for remediation of this concern. The current techniques for heavy metal remediation from contaminated soil are costly, time consuming, and harmful for the environment. Toxicity of heavy metals can reduce plant growth, and a high level of presence of these heavy metals is a risk factor to human and plant health. Heavy metals neither biodegradable materials nor are created. They occur naturally in the earth crust, and they reach the environment by human activities. Organic compounds can be degraded, but metals cannot degrade, and therefore effective cleanup requires its immobilization to reduce or remove toxicity. Recently, research focuses on cost-effective technologies to clean polluted areas. Vermiremediation and phytoremediation are two such useful techniques. In these eco-friendly techniques of remediation, the target plants accumulate, volatilize the contaminants, or convert them into some nontoxic forms, thus remediating the soil.

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