scholarly journals Countering Protection Rackets Using Legal and Social Approaches: An Agent-Based Test

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áron Székely ◽  
Luis G. Nardin ◽  
Giulia Andrighetto
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Social Approach ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Rackets ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Legal Strategies

Protection rackets cause economic and social damage across the world. States typically combat protection rackets using legal strategies that target the racketeers with legislation, strong sentencing, and increasing the presence and involvement of police officers. Nongovernmental organizations, conversely, focus on the rest of the population and counter protection rackets using a social approach. These organisations attempt to change the actions and social norms of community members with education, promotional campaigns, and discussions. We use an agent-based model, which draws on established theories of protection rackets and combines features of sociological and economic perspectives to modelling social interactions, to test the effects of legal and social approaches. We find that a legal approach is a necessary component of a policy approach, that social only approaches should not be used because they lead to large increases in violence, and that a combination of the two works best, although even this must be used carefully.

The Structure Among Measures of Personality, Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lazar Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Social Attitudes ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Ethnic Group Differences ◽  
Inside Out

Abstract. This paper presents the results of a study that employed measures of personality, social attitudes, values, and social norms that have been the focus of recent research in individual differences. These measures were given to a sample of participants (N = 1,255) who were enrolled at 25 US colleges and universities. Factor analysis of the correlation matrix produced four factors. Three of these factors corresponded to the domains of Personality/Amoral Social Attitudes, Values, and Social Norms; one factor, Conservatism, cut across the domains. Cognitive ability showed negative correlation with conservatism and amoral social attitudes. The study also examined gender and ethnic group differences on factor scores. The overall interpretation of the findings is consistent with the inside-out view of human social interactions.

Facework on Social Media in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Tian ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Interpersonal Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Parts

With more social interactions shifting to online venues, the different attributes of major social media sites in China influence how interpersonal interactions are carried out. Despite the lack of physical co-presence online, face culture is extended to online spaces. On social media, Chinese users tend to protect their own face, give face to others, and avoid discrediting the face of others, especially when their online and offline networks overlap. This chapter also discusses the different methods used to study facework online and offline and how facework is studied in different parts of the world. It concludes with a brief discussion of how sociological research has contributed to the study of social media in China and directions for future research.

How the World Was MADE: Parametrization of Evolved Agent-Based Models for Backstory Generation

2015 ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén H. García-Ortega ◽  
Pablo García-Sánchez ◽  
J. J. Merelo ◽  
María Isabel G. Arenas ◽  
Pedro A. Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agent Based Models ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Communication features in online and offline spaces.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Anrieta A. Karapetyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Cultural Components

No other media has become so popular in such a short period of time as online, which mainly serves for the purpose of communication. Online communications have the potential to fundamentally change the character of our social lives on all levels of social interactions. This article represents an attempt of discussing pros and cons of the online communication compared to the offline ones, and including functional as well as cultural components such as habits, usefulness, as well as specific cases affecting the gradual and immediate shift from the offline to the online communication (like COVID19 pandemic). Online communication spaces provide ample opportunities for selfrepresentation, convenience and compliance, easy connectivity from every place in the world, it is time-consuming and costly. It is widely used in all areas of everyday life. At the same time participants of online communication need nonverbal communication and those all-important social signals, which make communication more efficient. Despite the number of advantages, online communication still cannot completely replace the offline ones.

scholarly journals Social Ecology of Police Resilience

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-196
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ghazinour and ◽  
Arian Rostami
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Ecological Theory ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels

Research shows that police work is one of the most stressful professions in the world, and police officers typically suffer a variety of physiological, psychological, and behavioral effects and symptoms. Thus, constant exposure to stressful situations requires resilient police officers. Legislation, social support, organizational factors, and individual resources all play different roles in maintaining resilience among police officers. The aim of this chapter is to contribute to a multisystemic ecological theory of police resilience. By applying this analytical approach, the authors illustrate how systems on different levels interact with each other reciprocally. They conclude that resilience is necessary for officers to have the capacity to act authoritatively in uncertain situations. The use of multisystemic social-ecological theory provides a deeper understanding of the processes that contribute to positive development in professionally stressful contexts.

scholarly journals Implicit Culture Framework for Behavior Transfer

2011 ◽  
pp. 213-241
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr Birukou ◽  
Enrico Blanzieri ◽  
Paolo Giorgini
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Service Discovery ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Web Service Discovery ◽  
Domain Independent

People belong to different communities: business communities, Web 2.0 communities, just to name a few. In this chapter the authors show that experience acquired by people in communities constitute community culture. The authors introduce the problem of culture transfer between or within communities and propose a domain-independent approach for transferring community culture. First, the authors formalize the notion of culture, which includes behavior, knowledge, artifacts, best practices, etc. Second, using this formalism, the authors propose the Implicit Culture Framework, which is an agent-based framework for transferring behavior between community members or between communities. Finally, the authors present and evaluate a system for web service discovery developed using the Implicit Culture Framework.

scholarly journals The Era of Digital Enablement: A Blessing or a Curse?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Mention ◽  
Marko Torkkeli ◽  
JJ Pinto Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
The World

A few months ago, we claimed that COVID-19 had the potential to be a catalyst for change and innovation (Mention et al., 2020). Undeniably, this has indeed eventuated, but to a scale that was unforeseeable and unpredictable to many. Over the last few months, the world has literally changed. Around the world, people and communities have seen their lives put on a standstill, experiencing and experimenting with variable levels of restrictions preventing social interactions. We have learned what physical – rather than social, at least initially – distancing meant and have uncovered new ways of doing things. And that applied to almost for every single aspect of life. (...)

scholarly journals Psychological aspects of information impact on employees of internal affairs Officers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
M.V. Vinogradov ◽  
O.A. Ulyanina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
World Community ◽  
Informational Influence ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

The article analyzes the processes of intensive informatization and technologization of modern society, affecting the vector of development of the social, economic, political and military spheres of the state. In this context, the problem of informational impact on a human personality, his consciousness, mindset, spiritual and value orientations is considered. On the scale of the geopolitical interaction of the world community at the information-psychological level, this problem is revealed through the prism of describing the nature and content of the information war carried out in the interests of achieving political and military goals. Areas of informational influence on police officers are specified. In this regard, the need for the formation of information literacy of law enforcement specialists is being updated; the directions of information and psychological counteraction and protection against information attacks are highlighted. Psychological resistance, critical thinking, information security are named among the priority solutions to the highlighted issue.

scholarly journals Crowdsourcing snake identification with online communities of professional herpetologists and avocational snake enthusiasts

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201273
Author(s):  
A. M. Durso ◽  
I. Bolon ◽  
A. R. Kleinhesselink ◽  
M. R. Mondardini ◽  
J. L. Fernandez-Marquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Venomous Snake ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Data

Species identification can be challenging for biologists, healthcare practitioners and members of the general public. Snakes are no exception, and the potential medical consequences of venomous snake misidentification can be significant. Here, we collected data on identification of 100 snake species by building a week-long online citizen science challenge which attracted more than 1000 participants from around the world. We show that a large community including both professional herpetologists and skilled avocational snake enthusiasts with the potential to quickly (less than 2 min) and accurately (69–90%; see text) identify snakes is active online around the clock, but that only a small fraction of community members are proficient at identifying snakes to the species level, even when provided with the snake's geographical origin. Nevertheless, participants showed great enthusiasm and engagement, and our study provides evidence that innovative citizen science/crowdsourcing approaches can play significant roles in training and building capacity. Although identification by an expert familiar with the local snake fauna will always be the gold standard, we suggest that healthcare workers, clinicians, epidemiologists and other parties interested in snakebite could become more connected to these communities, and that professional herpetologists and skilled avocational snake enthusiasts could organize ways to help connect medical professionals to crowdsourcing platforms. Involving skilled avocational snake enthusiasts in decision making could build the capacity of healthcare workers to identify snakes more quickly, specifically and accurately, and ultimately improve snakebite treatment data and outcomes.

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