scholarly journals Impact of Experimentally Induced Cognitive Dietary Restraint on Eating Behavior Traits, Appetite Sensations, and Markers of Stress during Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Morin ◽  
Catherine Bégin ◽  
Julie Maltais-Giguère ◽  
Alexandra Bédard ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Weight loss has been associated with changes in eating behaviors and appetite sensations that favor a regain in body weight. Since traditional weight loss approaches emphasize the importance of increasing cognitive dietary restraint (CDR) to achieve negative energy imbalance, it is difficult to untangle the respective contributions of energy restriction and increases in CDR on factors that can eventually lead to body weight regain. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of energy restriction alone or in combination with experimentally induced CDR on eating behavior traits, appetite sensations, and markers of stress in overweight and obese women. We hypothesized that the combination of energy restriction and induced CDR would lead to more prevalent food cravings, increased appetite sensations, and higher cortisol concentrations than when energy restriction is not coupled with induced CDR. A total of 60 premenopausal women (mean BMI: 32.0 kg/m2; mean age: 39.4 y) were provided with a low energy density diet corresponding to 85% of their energy needs during a 4-week fully controlled period. At the same time, women were randomized to either a condition inducing an increase in CDR (CDR+ group) or a condition in which CDR was not induced (CRD− group). Eating behavior traits (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and Food Craving Questionnaire), appetite sensations (after standardized breakfast), and markers of stress (Perceived Stress Scale; postawakening salivary cortisol) were measured before (T = 0 week) and after (T = 4 weeks) the 4-week energy restriction, as well as 3 months later. There was an increase in CDR in the CDR+ group while no such change was observed in the CDR− group (p=0.0037). No between-group differences were observed for disinhibition, hunger, cravings, appetite sensations, perceived stress, and cortisol concentrations. These results suggest that a slight increase in CDR has no negative impact on factors regulating energy balance in the context of energy restriction.

Increased circadian prolactin release is blunted after body weight loss in obese premenopausal women

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. E218-E224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Kok ◽  
Ferdinand Roelfsema ◽  
Janneke G. Langendonk ◽  
Caroline C. de Wit ◽  
Marijke Frölich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Dopamine 2 Receptor ◽  
Plasma Prl

We recently showed that prolactin (PRL) release is considerably enhanced in obese women in proportion to the size of their visceral fat mass. PRL release is inhibited by dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) activation, and dietary restriction/weight loss are associated with increased dopaminergic signaling in animals. Therefore, we hypothesized that enhanced PRL release in obese humans would be reversed by weight loss. To evaluate this postulate, we measured 24-h plasma PRL concentrations at 10-min intervals in 11 obese premenopausal women (BMI 33.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2) before and after weight loss (50% reduction of overweight/15% absolute weight loss, using a very low-calorie diet) in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. The 24-h PRL concentration profiles were analyzed by a peak detection program (Cluster) and a wave form-independent deconvolution technique (Pulse). Spontaneous 24-h PRL secretion was significantly reduced in obese women [mean daily release, before 128 ± 24 vs. after weight loss 110 ± 17 μg/liter distribution volume (Vdl)−1 × 24 h, P = 0.05]. Body weight loss particularly blunted PRL secretory burst mass (Pulse area, before 230 ± 28 vs. after weight loss 221 ± 31 μg/Vdl−1 × 24 h, P = 0.03), whereas burst frequency was unaffected (no. of pulses, before 11 ± 1 vs. after weight loss 12 ± 1 n/24 h, P = 0.69). Thus elevated PRL secretion rate in obese women is significantly reduced after loss of 50% of overweight. We speculate that amelioration of deficit D2R-mediated neurotransmission and/or diminutions of circulating leptin/estrogen levels might be involved in the physiology of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Evidence for the existence of adaptive thermogenesis during weight loss

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 715-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Doucet ◽  
Sylvie St-Pierre ◽  
Natalie Alméras ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després ◽  
Claude Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis

The present study was performed to further investigate the adaptive component of thermogenesis that appears during prolonged energy restriction. Fifteen obese men and twenty obese women underwent a 15-week weight-loss programme. During this programme, body weight and composition as well as resting energy expenditure (REE) were measured at baseline, after 2 and 8 weeks of energy restriction (-2929 kJ/d) and drug therapy (or placebo), and finally 2–4 weeks after the end of the 15-week drug therapy and energy restriction intervention, when subjects were weight stable. Regression equations were established in a control population of the same age. These equations were then used to predict REE in obese men and women at baseline, after 2 and 8 weeks, as well as after the completion of the programme. In both men and women body weight and fat mass were significantly reduced (P < 0.05 in all cases) while fat-free mass remained unchanged throughout the programme. At baseline, REE predicted from the regression equation was not significantly different from the measured REE in men, while in women the measured REE was 13 % greater than predicted. After 2 weeks of energy restriction, measured REE had fallen by 469 and 635 kJ/d more than predicted and this difference reached 963 and 614 kJ/d by week 8 of treatment in men and women respectively. Once body-weight stability was recovered at the end of the programme, changes in REE remained below predicted changes in men (-622 kJ/d). However, in women changes in predicted and measured REE were no longer different at this time, even if the women were maintaining a reduced body weight. In summary, the present results confirm the existence of adaptive thermogenesis and give objective measurements of this component during weight loss in obese men and women, while they also emphasize that in women this component seems to be essentially explained by the energy restriction.

Serum markers of bone turnover are increased by modest weight loss with or without weight-bearing exercise in overweight premenopausal women

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott Rector ◽  
Joanne Loethen ◽  
Meghan Ruebel ◽  
Tom R. Thomas ◽  
Pamela S. Hinton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Modest Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions ◽  
Markers Of Bone Formation

Weight loss improves metabolic fitness and reduces morbidity and mortality; however, weight reduction also reduces bone mineral density (BMD) and increases bone turnover. Weight-bearing aerobic exercise may preserve bone mass and maintain normal bone turnover during weight reduction. We investigated the impact of weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing exercise on serum markers of bone formation and breakdown during short-term, modest weight loss in overweight premenopausal women. Subjects (n = 36) were assigned to 1 of 3 weight-loss interventions designed to produce a 5% reduction in body weight over 6 weeks: (i) energy restriction only (n = 11; DIET); (ii) energy restriction plus nonweight-bearing exercise (n = 12, CYCLE); or (iii) energy restriction plus weight-bearing exercise (n = 13, RUN). Bone turnover markers were measured in serum collected at baseline and after weight loss. All groups achieved a ∼5% reduction in body weight (DIET = 5.2%; CYCLE = 5.0%; RUN = 4.7%). Osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) increased with weight loss in all 3 groups (p < 0.05), whereas bone alkaline phosphatase was unaltered by the weight-loss interventions. At baseline, OC and CTX were positively correlated (r = 0.36, p = 0.03), but the strength of this association was diminished (r = 0.30, p = 0.06) after weight loss. Modest weight loss, regardless of method, resulted in a significant increase in both OC and CTX. Low-impact, weight-bearing exercise had no effect on serum markers of bone formation or resorption in premenopausal women during weight loss. Future studies that examine the effects of high-impact, weight-bearing activity on bone turnover and BMD during weight loss are warranted.

scholarly journals The value of blood serotonin for effective weight loss in obese women

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Vadimovna Anikina ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Excessive Accumulation ◽  
Made In

Introduction. Obesity is a disorder of energy balance, which leads to excessive accumulation of fat. In recent years, many important discoveries were made in this field, including the discovery of hormones produced by adipose tissue and the identification of many of the central and peripheral pathways of energy balance.Objective. To study the levels of hormones that affect appetite and metabolism in women with obesity baseline and after weight loss while taking sibutramine.Materials and methods. The study included 56 women aged 42,9±9,5 years, with a BMI of 34,6±6,1 kg/m2. All patients underwent clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination. Hormonal study included determination of serotonin, leptin, ghrelin, endothelin-1, adiponectin.Results: In women with obesity we identified hyperleptinemia and increased serotonin levels. The decrease in body weight in patients receiving sibutramine was accompanied by lower levels of serotonin, leptin, ghrelin, endothelin-1, and increase of adiponectin.Conclusions: Obese patients have significantly elevated levels of leptin, serotonin, ghrelin compared to women of normal weight. Sibutramine treatment leads to a decrease in serotonin, leptin, ghrelin and is more effective in women with a BMI less than 36,5 kg/m2.

Experimental demonstration of human weight homeostasis: implications for understanding obesity

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro E. Macias
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Homeostatic Control ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Set Point

The existence of a set-point for homeostatic control of human body weight is uncertain. To investigate its existence, technically difficult determinations of energy expenditure must be performed: this has resulted in contradictory reports. The present study was performed with new methods in two stages (77 and 133d respectively). Two healthy male subjects with rigorously controlled physical activity ingested three standardized diets of processed foods from the same manufacturer. Hypo-, iso- and hyperenergetic diets containing 6255kJ (1494kcal), 10073kJ (2406kcal) and 13791kJ (3294kcal) respectively were ingested during alternate periods; changes in body weight were measured. A new index of energy expenditure was calculated as the amount of weight lost in an 8h overnight period (WL8H). A digital scale was used in stage 1 and a mechanical scale in stage 2. The change in body weight in response to the isoenergetic diet differed according to the circumstances. In basal conditions, it was associated with weight stability. After weight loss from energy restriction, the isoenergetic diet led to weight gain. After weight gain from overeating, it led to weight loss. Diets of higher energy content were associated with greater WL8H (F>20; P<0·0001 for both subjects). Measurement variability was lower using a mechanical scale. The present study demonstrates the existence of a homeostatic control of human weight and describes a new index of energy expenditure measured in weight units. It also demonstrates that strict dietary supervision for months is possible. Investigation of the human body weight set-point is vital in understanding obesity.

scholarly journals High Circulating Thyrotropin Levels in Obese Women Are Reduced after Body Weight Loss Induced by Caloric Restriction

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 4659-4663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Kok ◽  
Ferdinand Roelfsema ◽  
Janneke G. Langendonk ◽  
Marijke Frölich ◽  
Jacobus Burggraaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Obese Women

scholarly journals Effect of the Mediterranean diet with and without weight loss on surrogate markers of cholesterol homeostasis in men with the metabolic syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Richard ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
Sophie Desroches ◽  
Suzanne Benjannet ◽  
Nabil G. Seidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

The mechanisms implicated in the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering effects of the Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) are unknown. The present study assessed the impact of the MedDiet consumed under controlled feeding conditions, with and without weight loss, on surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption, synthesis and clearance using plasma phytosterols, lathosterol and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) concentrations, respectively, in men with the metabolic syndrome. The subjects' diet (n19, 24–62 years) was first standardised to a baseline North American control diet (5 weeks) followed by a MedDiet (5 weeks), both under weight-maintaining isoenergetic feeding conditions. The participants then underwent a 20-week free-living energy restriction period (10 (sd3) % reduction in body weight,P < 0·01), followed by the consumption of the MedDiet (5 weeks) under controlled isoenergetic feeding conditions. The LDL-C-lowering effect of the MedDiet in the absence of weight loss ( − 9·9 %) was accompanied by significant reductions in plasma PCSK9 concentrations ( − 11·7 %,P < 0·01) and in the phytosterol:cholesterol ratio ( − 9·7 %,P < 0·01) compared with the control diet. The addition of weight loss to the MedDiet had no further impact on plasma LDL-C concentrations and on these surrogate markers of LDL clearance and cholesterol absorption. The present results suggest that the MedDiet reduces plasma LDL-C concentrations primarily by increasing LDL clearance and reducing cholesterol absorption, with no synergistic effect of body weight loss in this process.

The effect of body weight and weight loss on thyroid volume and function in obese women

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Sari ◽  
Mustafa Kemal Balci ◽  
Hasan Altunbas ◽  
Umit Karayalcin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
And Function
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