scholarly journals Structural Characterization, Antioxidant Activity, and Biomedical Application of Astragalus Polysaccharide Degradation Products

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Min Wang ◽  
Xin-Yuan Sun ◽  
Jian-Ming Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Reducing Ability

To study the antioxidant capacity of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) with different molecular weights, we used hydrogen peroxide to degrade original Astragalus polysaccharide (APS0) with an initial molecular weight of 11.03 kDa and obtained three degraded polysaccharides with molecular weights of 8.38 (APS1), 4.72 (APS2), and 2.60 kDa (APS3). The structures of these polysaccharides were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, and GC/MS. The degradation process did not cause significant changes in the main chain structure of APS. The monosaccharide component of APS before and after degradation was slightly changed. The antioxidant ability in vitro (removing hydroxyl and ABTS radicals and reducing ability) and in cells (superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde generation) of these polysaccharides is closely related to their molecular weight. If the molecular weight of APS is very high or low, it is not conducive to their activity. Only APS2 with moderate molecular weight showed the greatest antioxidant activity and ability to repair human kidney epithelial (HK-2) cells. Therefore, APS2 can be used as a potential antistone polysaccharide drug.

In Vitro Formation of Fibrin-Monomer Complexes in the Presence of Isotope Labelled Fibrinogen-Fibrin Degradation Products. An Agarose Gel Filtration Study

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Asbeck ◽  
van de J. Loo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Agarose Gel ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Fibrin Monomer

Human citrated plasmas were mixed with purified 131I-fibrinogen and 131I-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) or 125I-fibrin degradation products (fdp). After incubation with small amounts of thrombin (0.01–0.02 imits/ml Pl.), these mixtures were gel filtrated on Biogel A5m columns and the elution patterns of the 131I- and -labelled materials were determined.In control experiments without thrombin incubation, no complex formation between fibrinogen, FDP or fdp in citrated plasmas could be detected. This was even true for fdp with a higher molecular weight than fibrinogen.After thrombin incubation, up to 11% fibrin-monomer complexes were formed. Irrespective of their molecular weights, labelled fdp were not incorporated into these complexes.Only large FDP – presumably derivative X – did partially copolymerize with fibrin-monomer complexes in citrated plasmas.

scholarly journals Modulation of Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth and Protection from Oxidatively Damaged Renal Epithelial Cells of Corn Silk Polysaccharides with Different Molecular Weights

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jia-Yun Chen ◽  
Xin-Yuan Sun ◽  
Jian-Ming Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Corn Silk ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Caox Crystal

Corn silk polysaccharide (CSP0; molecular weight=124 kDa) was degraded by ultrasonication to obtain five degraded polysaccharides, namely, CSP1, CSP2, CSP3, CSP4, and CSP5, with molecular weights of 26.1, 12.2, 6.0, 3.5, and 2.0 kDa, respectively. The structures of these polysaccharides were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses. The antioxidant activities, including scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals and DPPH free radicals, chelation ability for Fe2+ ions, and reducing ability of CSP increased with decreased molecular weight of CSPs within 6.0 to 124 kDa. However, antioxidant activity weakened when the molecular weight of CSPs reached 3.5 and 2 kDa. CSP3 with a molecular weight of 6.0 kDa exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. After protection with 60 μg/mL CSPs, the viability of human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) damaged by nano-COM crystals increased, the level of reactive oxygen species decreased, and the amount of COM crystal adhered onto the cell surface decreased. The ability of CSPs to protect cells from CaOx crystal damage was consistent with their antioxidant activity. CSPs can specifically combine with CaOx crystal to inhibit the conversion of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystal to calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal. All these results showed that the activity of CSPs was closely correlated with molecular weight. A very high or low molecular weight of CSPs was not conducive to their activity. CSPs, especially CSP3 with a molecular weight of 6.0 kDa, can be used as a potential antistone drug.

Permeability Enhancing and Chemotactic Activities of Lower Molecular Weight Degradation Products of Human Fibrinogen

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (01) ◽  
pp. 090-094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuo Sueishi ◽  
Shigeru Nanno ◽  
Kenzo Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Chemotactic Activity ◽  
Lower Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Human Fibrinogen ◽  
Rabbit Skin ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Active Fragments

SummaryFibrinogen degradation products were investigated for leukocyte chemotactic activity and for enhancement of vascular permeability. Both activities increased progressively with plasmin digestion of fibrinogen. Active fragments were partially purified from 24 hr-plasmin digests. Molecular weights of the permeability increasing and chemotactic activity fractions were 25,000-15,000 and 25,000 respectively. Both fractions had much higher activities than the fragment X, Y, D or E. Electron microscopic observation of the small blood vessels in rabbit skin correlated increased permeability with the formation of characteristic gaps between adjoining endothelial cells and their contraction.These findings suggest that lower molecular weight degradation products of fibrinogen may be influential in contributing to granulocytic infiltration and enhanced permeability in lesions characterized by deposits of fibrin and/or fibrinogen.

Toxicity of Heparinoids, with Special Reference to the Precipitation of Fibrinogen

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 232-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sasaki ◽  
T Takemoto ◽  
S Oka
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Severe Reaction ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Close Relationship

SummaryTo demonstrate whether the intravascular precipitation of fibrinogen is responsible for the toxicity of heparinoid, the relation between the toxicity of heparinoid in vivo and the precipitation of fibrinogen in vitro was investigated, using dextran sulfate of various molecular weights and various heparinoids.1. There are close relationships between the molecular weight of dextran sulfate, its toxicity, and the quantity of fibrinogen precipitated.2. The close relationship between the toxicity and the precipitation of fibrinogen found for dextran sulfate holds good for other heparinoids regardless of their molecular structures.3. Histological findings suggest strongly that the pathological changes produced with dextran sulfate are caused primarily by the intravascular precipitates with occlusion of the capillaries.From these facts, it is concluded that the precipitates of fibrinogen with heparinoid may be the cause or at least the major cause of the toxicity of heparinoid.4. The most suitable molecular weight of dextran sulfate for clinical use was found to be 5,300 ~ 6,700, from the maximum value of the product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity). This product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity) can be employed generally to assess the comparative merits of various heparinoids.5. Clinical use of the dextran sulfate prepared on this basis gave satisfactory results. No severe reaction was observed. However, two delayed reactions, alopecia and thrombocytopenia, were observed. These two reactions seem to come from the cause other than intravascular precipitation.

Identification of Crosslinked Fibrin Degradation Products in Plasma of Patients During Fibrinolytic Therapy Using a Heat Extraction/SDS-Polyacrylamide Gradient Gel Electrophoretic Technique

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.W. Francis ◽  
V. J. Marder ◽  
S.E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
Fibrinolytic Therapy ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
Normal Plasma ◽  
Electrophoretic Technique ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Derivatives Of

To quantitate plasmic degradation products of crosslinked fibrin in plasma, a technique has been developed which employs heat precipitation, SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of the dissolved, reduced heat precipitate, and quantitation by densitometrie analysis of γ-γ derivatives identified in the stained get. When studied with this sensitive electrophoretic technique, plasmic digests of purified crosslinked fibrin were found to contain a heterogeneous group of γ-γ chain derivatives with molecular weights between 76,000 and 100,000 daltons. In samples of normal plasma to which digests of crosslinked fibrin had been added, this heat extraction/ge1 electrophoretic technigue allowed the detection of γ-γ derivatives with a sensitivity of 20 µg/ml. Derivatives of γ-γ chains with molecular weights of 82,000 and 86,000 daltons have been identified in the plasma of patients with DIC and during fibrinolytic therapy but were not found in normal plasma or in normal plasma treated in vitro with urokinase. This quantitative assay can be performed in 24 hours and appears to be of value in judging the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy.

Preparation of high-molecular weight and high-sulfate content chitosans and their potential antioxidant activity in vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronge Xing ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
Huahua Yu ◽  
Zhanyong Guo ◽  
Zhien Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Sulfate Content ◽  
High Sulfate

scholarly journals Anticoagulant Properties of a Green Algal Rhamnan-type Sulfated Polysaccharide and Its Low-molecular-weight Fragments Prepared by Mild Acid Degradation

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Liu ◽  
Peng Du ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Sujian Cao ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Green Algal

The active sulfated polysaccharide from seaweed possesses important pharmaceutical and biomedical potential. In the study, Monostroma sulfated polysaccharide (MSP) was obtained from Monostroma angicava, and the low-molecular-weight fragments of MSP (MSP-Fs: MSP-F1–MSP-F6) were prepared by controlled acid degradation. The molecular weights of MSP and MSP-F1–MSP-F6 were 335 kDa, 240 kDa, 90 kDa, 40 kDa, 24 kDa, 12 kDa, and 6.8 kDa, respectively. The polysaccharides were sulfated rhamnans that consisted of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ units with partial sulfation at C-2 of →3)-α-l-Rhap-(1→ and C-3 of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→. Anticoagulant properties in vitro of MSP and MSP-F1–MSP-F6 were evaluated by studying the activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, and prothrombin time. Anticoagulant activities in vivo of MSP and MSP-F4 were further evaluated; their fibrin(ogen)olytic activities in vivo and thrombolytic properties in vitro were also assessed by D-dimer, fibrin degradation products, plasminogen activator inhibitior-1, and clot lytic rate assays. The results showed that MSP and MSP-F1–MSP-F4 with molecular weights of 24–240 kDa had strong anticoagulant activities. A decrease in the molecular weight of MSP-Fs was accompanied by a decrease in the anticoagulant activity, and higher anticoagulant activity requires a molecular weight of over 12 kDa. MSP and MSP-F4 possessed strong anticoagulant activities in vivo, as well as high fibrin(ogen)olytic and thrombolytic activities. MSP and MSP-F4 have potential as drug or helpful food supplements for human health.

scholarly journals Solubility and ADMET profiles of short oligomers of lactic acid

ADMET & DMPK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Dascălu ◽  
Diana Larisa Roman ◽  
Madalina Filip ◽  
Alecu Aurel Ciorsac ◽  
Vasile Ostafe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Toxicological Effects

<p class="ADMETkeywordsheading">Polylactic acid (PLA) is a polymer with an increased potential to be used in different medical applications, including tissue engineering and drug-carries. The use of PLA in medical applications implies the evaluation of the human organism's response to the polymer inserting and to its degradation products. Consequently, within this study, we have investigated the solubility and ADMET profiles of the short oligomers (having the molecular weight lower than 3000 Da) resulting in degradation products of PLA. There is a linear decrease of the molar solubility of investigated oligomers with molecular weight. The results that are obtained also reveal that short oligomers of PLA have promising pharmacological profiles and limited toxicological effects on humans. These oligomers are predicted as potential inhibitors of the organic anion transporting peptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, they present minor probability to affect the androgen and glucocorticoid receptors, have a weak potential of hepatotoxicity, and may produce eye injuries. These outcomes may be used to guide or to supplement in vitro and/or in vivo toxicity tests such as to enhance the biodegradation properties of the biopolymer.</p>

scholarly journals Characterization of proteins from the cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Crossley ◽  
D.V. Holberton
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Molecular Weights

Proteins from the axonemes and disc cytoskeleton of Giardia lamblia have been examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition to tubulin and the 30 X 10(3) molecular weight disc protein, at least 18 minor components copurify with the two major proteins in Triton-insoluble structures. The most prominent minor bands have the apparent molecular weights of 110 X 10(3), 95 X 10(3) and 81 X 10(3). Protein of 30 X 10(3) molecular weight accounts for about 20% of organelle protein on gels. In continuous 25 mM-Tris-glycine buffer it migrates mostly as a close-spaced doublet of polypeptides, which are here given the name giardins. Giardia tubulin and giardin have been purified by gel filtration chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Well-separated fractions were obtained that could be further characterized. Both proteins are heterogeneous when examined by isoelectric focusing. Five tubulin chains were detected by PAGE Blue 83 dye-binding after focusing in a broad-range ampholyte gel. Giardin is slightly less acidic than tubulin. On gels it splits into four major and four minor chains with isoelectric points in the pI range from 5.8 to 6.2. The amino acid composition of the giardin fraction has been determined, and compared to Giardia tubulin and a rat brain tubulin standard. Giardins are rich in helix-forming residues, particularly leucine. They have a low content of proline and glycine; therefore they may have extensive alpha-helical regions and be rod-shaped. As integral proteins of disc microribbons, giardins in vivo associate closely with tubulin. The properties of giardins indicate that in a number of respects - molecular size, charge, stoichiometry - their structural interaction with tubulin assemblies will be different from other tubulin-accessory protein copolymers studied in vitro.

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