scholarly journals Pediatric Pancreatic Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Yajun Zhang ◽  
Yuhong Tao
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Cancer Antigen ◽  
Pancreatic Tuberculosis ◽  
Peritoneal Biopsy ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year

Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary TB and represents a diagnostic challenge for physicians. Pancreatic TB presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms and may mimic malignancy. However, pancreatic TB rarely occurs in children. Here, we present a case of a 5-year-old girl with pancreatic TB and markedly elevated serum cancer antigen- (CA-) 125 levels, thus raising the suspicion of malignancy, but positivity forMycobacterium tuberculosisDNA was noted. The patient recovered after being administered standard antitubercular therapy for one year. This case suggests that clinicians should have a heightened suspicion of pancreatic TB when faced with pancreatic lesions despite the fact that increased CA-125 may indicate malignancy. Laparoscopy combined with peritoneal biopsy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may provide a new method to confirm the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Chronic Invasive Fungal Sinusitis With Negative Histopathology: A Diagnostic Challenge

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132097377
Author(s):  
Anne Ning ◽  
Arminé Kocharyan ◽  
W Colby Brown ◽  
Brian D’Anza
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Fungal Dna ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
Chronic Invasive

Although the diagnosis of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis relies chiefly on identification of invasive fungi on histology, the insidious nature of the disease can preclude detection of fungal organisms. Here, we present a case of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis with negative histopathologic findings and a definitive diagnosis made through fungal DNA detection. Clinicians should consider polymerase chain reaction an important complement to histology and culture in the diagnosis of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis.

scholarly journals Multifocal Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis in a Nonimmunosuppressed Elderly Patient: Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. oapoc.0000023
Author(s):  
David A. Kilgore ◽  
Sami Uwaydat ◽  
Stephen Davis ◽  
Harry Brown ◽  
Ahmed B. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Patient Case ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Chorioretinal Biopsy ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Fundus Photographs ◽  
Vitreous Haze

Purpose To raise awareness of ophthalmologists that toxoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multifocal or diffuse necrotizing retinitis in nonimmunosuppressed elderly patients. Methods Interventional case report with serial color fundus photographs, indocyanine green angiography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and chorioretinal biopsy histology. Results A 77-year-old, nonimmunosuppressed man developed extensive multifocal retinochoroiditis with scattered focal hemorrhages and significant vitreous haze. This case posed a significant diagnostic challenge mimicking viral retinitis. Vitreous polymerase chain reaction and chorioretinal biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Conclusions As demonstrated in this case, toxoplasmosis should be considered as a cause of multifocal and/or diffuse necrotizing retinitis in elderly patients even in the absence of obvious systemic immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Bovine Papillomatosis in a One-Year-Old Kedah Kelantan Cross Cattle Calf

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Bovine Papillomavirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Epidermal Proliferation ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year ◽  
Malignant Neoplasia ◽  
Benign Mass

Bovine papillomatosis is an infectious disease, characterized by the presence of multiple benign mass that can regress spontaneously or progress into malignant neoplasia caused by bovine papillomavirus. Epidermal proliferation causes the lesion to have the keratotic surface that resembles a cauliflower. In this case report, bovine papillomatosis that was encountered in a farm at UMK Bachok, Kelantan will be discussed. A year-old male Kedah Kelantan (KK) cross cattle calf was presented with a presence of multiple, circular, around 1-2cm in diameter, wart-like lesion localized on the ventral part of the mandible and on the chin. A series of diagnostic approaches had been conducted to reach the definitive diagnosis, which includes biopsy for histopathology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fecal examination.

scholarly journals Preoperative measurement of serum CA-125 levels: is it useful in the risk assessment of low volume lymph node disease in cervical cancer?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Sniadecki ◽  
Szymon Wojtylak ◽  
Ewa Wycinka ◽  
Sambor Sawicki ◽  
Juliusz Kobierski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Ca 125 ◽  
Cancer Antigen 125 ◽  
Cancer Antigen ◽  
Node Negative ◽  
Cervical Cancers ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve Analysis ◽  
Node Disease ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

AbstractBACKGROUND: Elevated serum cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) is observed in some cervical cancers (CCs). Is the correlation of CA-125 with the presence of nodal events useful in predicting early metastasis to the lymph nodes?METHODS: The study included 45 patients with CC FIGO (2009) stages IA1-IIA1 and known preoperative CA-125 concentration, surgery treated (05.2011-05.2014). Investigated pretreatment: age (pre-, postmenopausal), histological type, grade, confounding factors - prior cone biopsy, ovarian cyst, endometriosis, liver or colon pathology, concomitant malignancy. LN metastases (LNM) were defined as macro (MAC, >2mm) and/or micrometastases (mic, 0.2 - 2 mm), and LVLND as mic or/and ITC (single CC cells clusters) in LNs. Ultrastaging of all LNs (sentinel and non-sentinel, 4 μm thick slices/150 μm intervals) was performed with hematoxylin and eosin staining and with immunohistochemistry (IHC - AE1/AE3 cytokeratin antibodies). Non-parametrical analysis and receiver operating curve analysis were used to determine correlation between CA-125 and LNM including LVLND.RESULTS: The median age was 55 (23-71). 806 LNs were extracted. LNM was found in 12, LVLND in 6 patients. LNM but not LVLND was correlated with higher grade (G2-G3, p<0.05). LVLND was positively correlated with premenopausal age (p<0.05) but not with tumor histology or grade. Liver disease only was found to influence CA-125 levels (p=0.064). There were no differences within CA-125 concentration among LVLND, LNM, and node-negative patients groups, however a trend was found between higher CA-125 and lower LVLND risk.CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of CA-125 may be less likely due to LVLND than to LN positivity. Grade is an important feature in prediction of LNM but not LVLND. CA-125 level was found to be not predictive of LNM nor LVLND, as confirmed by ultrastaging.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of clinical multiresistant isolates of Acinetobacter sp. from hospitals in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Einsfeld Ferreira ◽  
Desirée Padilha Marchetti ◽  
Gabriela Rosa da Cunha ◽  
Lyvia Moreira de Oliveira ◽  
Daiane Bopp Fuentefria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp ◽  
One Year

INTRODUCTION: Hospitals around the world have presented multiresistant Acinetobacter sp. outbreaks. The spread of these isolates that harbor an increasing variety of resistance genes makes the treatment of these infections and their control within the hospital environment more difficult. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and dissemination of Acinetobacter sp. multiresistant isolates and to identify acquired resistance genes. METHODS: We analyzed 274 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter sp. from five hospitals in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. We evaluated the susceptibility to antimicrobial, acquired resistance genes from Ambler's classes B and D, and performed molecular typing of the isolates using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique. RESULTS: A high (68%) percentage of multiresistant isolates of Acinetobacter sp. was observed, and 69% were resistant to carbapenems. We identified 84% of isolates belonging to species A. baumannii because they presented the gene blaOXA-51. The gene blaOXA-23 was detected in 62% of the isolates, and among these, 98% were resistant to carbapenems. Using the ERIC-PCR technique, we identified clones of Acinetobacter sp. spread among the four hospitals analyzed during the sampling period. CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate the dissemination of Acinetobacter sp. isolates among hospitals and their permanence in the hospital after one year.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. among imported broiler drumsticks and wings sold in Lithuania

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominyka Baltutytė ◽  
Laura Babonytė ◽  
Sigita Ramonaitė
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The aim of this research was to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter in imported broiler drumsticks and wings. During the one-year study period, 138 imported broiler samples (raw wings and drumsticks) were collected and tested from 3 different sellers. Campylobacter spp. were detected and isolated using traditional microbiological methods, identified using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results of PCR products were analysed in agarose gel using electrophoresis. After an epidemiological study, C. jejuni and C. coli strains were selected and the prevalence of virulence genes was evaluated. The study identified Campylobacter spp. in 36 (26.1%) samples – 19 raw wings (27.9%) and 17 raw drumsticks (24.3%) samples were infected with these bacteria. Campylobacter spp. were most frequently detected in raw broiler samples during autumn (September–November) (47.2%) and winter (December–February) (41.6%) periods than spring (March–May) (5.5%) or summer (June–August) (5.5%). Contamination of products was not significantly impacted by the sale location (p > 0.05). The examination of virulence factors of Campylobacter spp. revealed that C. jejuni and C. coli strains contain 2 out of 3 virulence genes – CadF and CdtA. The CdtA gene was found in nearly all tested Campylobacter spp. strains isolated from broiler samples (94.4%).

Evaluation of Paromomycin Treatment for Cryptosporidium serpentis Infection in Eastern Indigo Snakes (Drymarchon couperi)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Bogan ◽  
Michelle Hoffman ◽  
Falicia Dickerson ◽  
Mark A. Mitchell ◽  
Michael M. Garner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Item ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Gastric Biopsy ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Testing ◽  
Serial Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year

Thirty-four eastern indigo snakes ( Drymarchon couperi ) naturally infected with Cryptosporidium serpentis were randomly divided into two groups. The first group received 360 mg/kg paromomycin twice weekly in a food item for six weeks, while the second group received the food item with no treatment. Cloacal swabs were collected every two months for six months to measure C. serpentis shedding by quantitative polymerase chain reaction testing (qPCR). Snakes that were qPCR negative after six 6 months were immunosuppressed with a single dose of 4 mg/kg dexamethasone sodium-phosphate SC. These snakes were then screened by qPCR for an additional 6 months as described above. Snakes that were qPCR negative after one year of serial sampling were then re-evaluated for C. serpentis via gastric biopsy for histological and qPCR analyses. The paromomycin-treated group were significantly (p=0.008) more likely to test qPCR negative (8/17; 47%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 23.2-70.7) than the control snakes (1/17; 5.8%, 95% CI: 0.01-16.9) prior to immunosuppression. However, there was no significant difference (p=0.5) in C. serpentis status following immunosuppression as only 2/17 (11.7%, 95% CI: 0.01-26.9) paromomycin-treated snakes were qPCR negative six months after immunosuppression compared to 1/17 (5.8%, 95% CI: 95% CI: 0.01-16.9) control snakes. These findings suggest that 360 mg/kg paromomycin twice weekly for six weeks in a food item is ineffective in eliminating C. serpentis in naturally infected D. couperi .

Comparison of conventional testing to polymerase chain reaction in detection of Trichomonas vaginalis in indigenous women living in remote areas

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
K S Smith ◽  
S N Tabrizi ◽  
K A Fethers ◽  
J B Knox ◽  
C Pearce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Conventional Methods

There are high rates of Trichomonas vaginalis in remote areas of Central Australia. Conventional tests for T. vaginalis have low sensitivity in this setting. Aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of T. vaginalis, to assess the presence of clinical signs and symptoms, to compare a T. vaginalis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test with conventional methods of diagnosis, and to compare the PCR from different samples, including self-collected swabs (SCS). Of 205 women recruited, the prevalence of T. vaginalis was 24%. The prevalence of T. vaginalis was higher in women under 25 years (33%), compared with those who were 25–34 years (26%) and those over 35 years (15%, P < 0.05). The sensitivity of T. vaginalis PCR detection from SCS (94%) was not statistically different from a practitioner-collected HVS (96%), but was superior to urine PCR (74%) and conventional methods. After multivariate analysis, those women with high pH were almost three times more likely to be positive for T. vaginalis (odds ratio = 2.71 with 95% confidence interval 1.06–6.93, P = 0.037). Superior assays such as PCR should be a diagnostic option to adequately screen and treat women with T. vaginalis, in order to reduce complications, including the increased risk of HIV transmission.

scholarly journals Respiratory Viruses and Atypical Bacteria Co-Infection in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1588-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevine R. El Baroudy ◽  
Amira S. El Rifay ◽  
Tamer A. Abdel Hamid ◽  
Dina M. Hassan ◽  
May S. Soliman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year ◽  
Atypical Bacteria

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are one of the prevalent pediatric diseases. Coinfections of respiratory viruses and atypical bacterial respiratory pathogens are common.AIM: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of co-infection between respiratory pathogens including viruses, bacteria and atypical bacteria in a sample of Egyptian children presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory tract infection.METHODS: This one-year prospective cohort study conducted in Abo El Rish Pediatric Hospital, Cairo University over one year included children presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory infection. Enrolled children were subjected to nasopharyngeal swabs or throat swabs and then processed to detect viral, bacterial and atypical bacterial causative agents by culture), retrotranscription polymerase, Monoplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Multiplex PCR.RESULTS: Viral etiological agents were detected in 20 cases (20.8%), while 76 patients (79.2%) had no definite viral aetiology. The most abundant virus detected was Rhinovirus in 36 (27.3%), followed by 21 (15.9%) were positive for RSV, 12 (9.1%) were positive for HMPV, 6 (4.5%) were positive for adenovirus and 3 (2.3%) were positive for influenza B. For Atypical bacterial causes Mycoplasma were positive for 9 (6.8%) cases and one case was positive for Bordetella parapertussis. Viral and atypical bacteria Co infection were detected in 14 (10.6%) of cases.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that coinfection with bacteria or atypical bacteria in children with acute respiratory tract infection is common and this co-infection can induce serious illness. The multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction should become an essential tool for epidemiological studies and can fill the gap between clinical presentation and definitive diagnosis.

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