scholarly journals Thermal Processing Effects on the Chemical Constituent and Antioxidant Activity of Okara Extracts Using Subcritical Water Extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hongyi Sun ◽  
Xi Yuan ◽  
Zhenya Zhang ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
Min Shi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) has been employed for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials with cost-effectiveness, less consuming time, and environmental sustainability. To explore the effects of thermal processing during SWE, total organic content (TOC), total sugar, polysaccharides, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (ABTS and DPPH assays) of eight aqueous extracts have been quantitatively investigated. The results indicated that elevated temperatures indeed resulted in significant changes in the constituents and antioxidant activities of okara extracts. Among them, the extract obtained at 220°C exhibited the highest total phenolic, flavonoid content, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity, and ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] radical-scavenging activity. However, phenolic compounds were destroyed after the treatment above 230°C, suggesting that any polymer processing is improper to undertake at higher than this value to achieve the high antioxidant activity. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between TPC or TFC and antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS) values was detected.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF TOTAL PHENOLIC, FLAVONOIDAL CONTENT, AND DPPH FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AILANTHUS EXCELSA ROXB.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Aruna Kumari ◽  
Sharma Ra
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ailanthus Excelsa

Objective: Estimation of total phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity of various plant parts (leaves, stem, root, flower and fruit) of Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. methanolic extracts.Methods: Different plant parts were extracted with methanol, then the total phenol content was calculated by using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, total flavonoid content was estimated by using Aluminum Chloride Colorimetric Method and the antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical) assay.Results: The highest total phenolic content (48.38 mg GAE/gdw) was observed in flower and lowest phenolic content in root (28.56 mg GAE/gdw). The highest total flavonoidal content (21.5 mg QE/gdw) was found in leaf and lowest in root (1.11 mg QE/gdw). The highest radical scavenging activity was found in flower extracts with the IC50 value of 36.85 µg/ml and the lowest scavenging activity was observed in root extract that was found to be 1493.46µg/ml.Conclusion: According to the results of present investigation the plant showed significant antioxidant activity that can be used for medical purpose for the treatment of various diseases.Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Ailanthus excelsa Roxb., Total phenolic content, Total flavonoid content, DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl- 1- picryl hydrazyl), Scavenging activity.                                                               

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity in Rheum emodi Wall (Himalayan Rhubarb)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2555
Author(s):  
Sang Koo Park ◽  
Yoon Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Abts Assay ◽  
Ic50 Values

Using natural products as antioxidant agents has been beneficial to replace synthetic products. Efforts have been made to profile the antioxidant capacities of natural resources, such as medicinal plants. The polyphenol content of Himalayan rhubarb, Rheum emodi wall, was measured and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS+ assay, and the oxidative stress was assessed using SOD enzymatic assay. Five different solvent fractions, n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and water, were used for screening the antioxidant capacity in effort to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The total phenolic contents for R. emodi fractions ranged from 27.76 to 209.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight. DPPH and ABTS+ assay results are presented into IC50 values, ranged from 21.52 to 2448.79 μg/mL and 90.25 to 1718.05 μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity among other fractions. Also, n-butanol and water fractions showed significantly lower IC50 values than the positive control in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values of SOD assay of fractions ranged from 2.31 to 64.78 μg/mL. A similar result was observed with ethyl acetate fraction showing the highest SOD radical scavenging activity. The study suggests that the ethyl acetate fraction of R. emodi possess the strongest antioxidant activity, thus the most efficient in extracting antioxidant contents. Moreover, a highly significant correlation was shown between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity screening assays. The compounds related to the antioxidant activity of R. emodi were identified to myricitrin, myricetin 3-galloyl rhamnoside, and myricetin, which have not been reported in studies about R. emodi before.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Wampee (Clausena lansium(Lour.) Skeels) Peel

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nagendra Prasad ◽  
Jing Hao ◽  
Chun Yi ◽  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
Shengxiang Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Anticancer Activities

Antioxidant activities of wampee peel extracts using five different solvents (ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and water) were determined by using in-vitro antioxidant models including total antioxidant capability, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and superoxide scavenging activity. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions, even higher than synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT). In addition, the EAF exhibited strong anticancer activities against human gastric carcinoma (SGC-7901), human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG-2) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A-549) cancer cell lines, higher than cisplatin, a conventional anticancer drug. The total phenolic content of wampee fraction was positively correlated with the antioxidant activity. This is the first report on the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the wampee peel extract. Thus, wampee peel can be used potentially as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants and a possible pharmaceutical supplement.

scholarly journals Effects of solvent extraction system on antioxidant activity of Lamium purpureum L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-370
Author(s):  
Slavica Grujic ◽  
Ana Dzamic ◽  
Violeta Mitic ◽  
Vesna Stankov-Jovanovic ◽  
P.D. Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Scavenging Activity

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of aerial parts of Lamium purpureum L. was determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and TRP assays. Contents of flavonoids and phenols were also investigated. The total phenolic content in the extracts, determined using Folin?Ciocalteu assay, ranged between 8.57 to 128.00 mg GAE/g d.e. while concentrations of flavonoids in the extracts varied from 24.20 to 39.80 mg QuE/g d.e. The highest phenolic content was found in methanol extract (128.00 mg GAE/g d.e.). The highest content of total flavonoids was identified in the methanol extract (39.80 mg QuE/g d.e.) and the lowest was in the chloroform (24.30 mg QuE/g d.e.). DPPH scavenging of the extracts was determined and obtained IC50 values ranged from 0.12 to 3.12 mg/mL of solution. The values of ABTS radical scavenging activity ranged from 0.35 to 1.80 mg AA/g. The highest ABTS antiradical activity was registered for methanol extract. The FRAP value was found within the range 0.08 to 1.04 ?mol Fe/mg. The best radical scavenger was methanol (1.04 ?mol Fe/mg). In reducing power assay different extracts of L. purpureum showed increasing of activity with increased concentration, and all extracts possessed substantial dose dependent antioxidant activity. The best reducing capacity was obtained with methanol extract of L. purpureum (0.0132 mg AA/mL). The results in this study confirmed that L. purpureum possesses moderate antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Effect of Processing on Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenols, and Total Flavonoids of Pigmented Heirloom Beans

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Garretson ◽  
Catrin Tyl ◽  
Alessandra Marti
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Cooking Times ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

While extensive research has been performed on the composition and cooking quality of commodity beans, relatively little is known about pigmented heirloom varieties and the effects of processing on their antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of soaking and cooking on antioxidants in four heirloom bean varieties compared to Pinto. Water absorption kinetics, soaking and cooking time, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and total phenolic and total flavonoid content were determined in raw, soaked, and cooked samples. Heirlooms required less time to hydrate compared to Pinto, whereas cooking times were similar. The effect of soaking on antioxidant capacity and flavonoids was minimal compared to cooking, which led to losses of up to 57%. Each pigmented heirloom bean had specific characteristics, and three of them had equal or higher amounts of antioxidants or antioxidant activity than Pinto at every processing step. Among heirlooms, Koronis Purple and Jacob’s Cattle had the highest antioxidant activity and Jacob’s Cattle and Tiger’s Eye the highest amount of flavonoids, even after cooking.

Total Phenolic Content and DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Young Turmeric Grown in Southern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Suriyan Sukati ◽  
Warachate Khobjai
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Southern Thailand

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), a member of Zingiberacaeae, is used for Thai traditional medicine, flavoring, preservative, and coloring agent. In Southern Thailand, turmeric is a famous ingredient for food recipes. Not only is the ripened rhizome used for cuisine, but also the young rhizomes. Previous studies have indicated that a variety of turmeric products from the ripened rhizome are valuable source of antioxidant compounds. However, there are ambiguous data regarding the level of antioxidant activity of the young rhizome. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the young rhizomes by comparing to the ripened rhizome. TPC and antioxidant activity of aqueous and 80% methanolic extracts from the young turmeric grown in Southern Thailand were estimated using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA) assay, respectively. Results showed that the concentration of TPC determined in methanolic extract (19.80±0.25 mg GAE/ g extract) from the young rhizome was significantly higher than the corresponding aqueous extract (18.38±0.41 mg GAE/ g extract). The aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited significant inhibition in DPPH-RSA with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 5.88±0.70 mg/mL and 3.00±0.31 mg/mL, respectively. However, in comparison with the ripened rhizome, TPC and DPPH-RSA of the young rhizome were lower. These results indicate that the young rhizome grown in Southern Thailand could be a source of antioxidant compounds, but the ripened rhizome provides better antioxidant properties than the young rhizome.

scholarly journals Bioassay Guided Isolation of Free Radical Scavenging Agent from the Bark of Bridelia retusa

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
Khaga Raj Sharma ◽  
Achyut Adhikari ◽  
M. Iqbal Choudhary ◽  
Suresh Awale ◽  
Surya Kant Kalauni
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Bridelia Retusa

Bioassay guided fractionation of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract of Bridelia retusa yielded tambulin (1), beta-sitosterol (2), and beta-sitosterol glucoside (3), and their structures were elucidated using modern spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and compound 1 was found to be potent antioxidant. The DPPH assay showed that the compound 1 has potent antioxidant activity with IC50 166.15±1.92 SEM [muM] and the radical scavenging activity was found to be 86.03% where as the standard butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) has IC50 value 128.83±2.1 SEM [muM]. The radical scavenging activity of standard butylated hydroxy toluene was about 86% .The total phenolic content in ethyl acetate soluble fraction was found to be 147.20±1.5 mg GAE/gm and the total flavonoid content was found to be 16.64±0.00 mg QE/gm.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 97-101

scholarly journals Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Yacon (Smallanthus Sonchifolius Poepp. and Endl.) Chips: Effect of Cultivar, Pre-Treatment and Drying

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough Khajehei ◽  
Jens Hartung ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Lime Juice ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Pre Treatment

Recent studies have associated the consumption of yacon root as a functional plant food with reduced glycemic index and, due to its considerable phenolic acid levels, a protection of cell membranes against free radical damage. This study examined the effect of four different treatments including: (1) storage duration after harvest (one and three weeks after harvest); (2) pre-treatment before drying (untreated, pre-treatment with diluted lime juice); (3) drying method (freeze drying (FD) and convective hot air drying (CHAD)); and (4) cultivar (white and red), on the quality of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. and Endl.) chips in terms of their total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) (ABTS (2,2′-Azino-Bis (3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) Diammonium Salt) radical scavenging activity, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)). Overall, the chips that were produced using pre-treatment with diluted lime juice and FD had the highest amounts of TPC and AA. Regarding the chips produced by means of CHAD, retention of higher TPC and AA was possible with lime-juice pre-treatment and use of higher hot air temperatures. Moreover, chips produced from the white cultivar had higher TPC and AA than chips produced from the red cultivar.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF TERMINALIA BELLERICA ROXB (BAHEDA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Rasna Gupta ◽  
Ram Lakhan Singh ◽  
Neeraja Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Terminalia Bellerica ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: To investigate the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Terminalia bellerica fruit pulp (TBFP), seed (TBS) and bark (TBB), and identification of phytochemical constituents of said extracts.Methods: The antioxidant potential of T. bellerica (TB) parts was evaluated by free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SARSA), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) and compared with reference standard quercetin. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), ferric thiocyanate activity (FTC) and reducing power (RP) of the plant extracts were also examined. The phytochemical constituents of said extracts have been quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) method.Results: Ethanolic extract of TBFP exhibited high phenolic content (254.33) followed by TBS (227.33) and TBB (185) mg/g of GAE. TBFP showed lowest IC50 for FRSA (62 µg/ml), SARSA (39 µg/ml) and HRSA (27 µg/ml) and highest RP (3.39 ascorbic acid equivalents/ml). TBB showed lowest IC50 for LPO (48 µg/ml) whereas TBS showed lowest IC50 for FTC (109 µg/ml). Predominant phyto-compounds present in TB extracts were quinic acid, gallic acid, ethyl galate, 9, 12 octadecadienoic acid and glucopyranose in varying concentrations as analyzed by GC-MS.Conclusion: On the basis of correlation of antioxidant studies with total phenolic content (TPC) and GC-MS analysis of different part of TB, it may be concluded that high concentration of total phenolics and other bioactive phytochemicals of TB extracts make it a potential source of nutraceutical antioxidants.

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