scholarly journals Anterior Capsule of the Lens: Comparison of Morphological Properties and Apoptosis Induction following FLACS and Standard Phacoemulsification Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pisciotta ◽  
Michele De Maria ◽  
Tommaso Verdina ◽  
Elisa Fornasari ◽  
Anto de Pol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Plasma Generation ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose. Comparative evaluation of morphological features of anterior capsules and apoptosis induction in epithelial cells after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and standard phacoemulsification surgery. Methods. Group 1: 30 FLACS anterior capsulotomies and Group 2: 30 manual anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexes. All patients were operated on by the same experienced surgeon. Morphological features of the anterior capsules and apoptosis induction in epithelial cells were evaluated. Results. All patients revealed a significant mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement 3 months after surgery, and no major intraoperative nor postoperative complications occurred. The capsular epithelium appeared to be preserved in both groups. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed irregular saw-tooth shaped edges in capsules from Group 1 whereas capsules from Group 2 showed regular and smooth edges. A statistically significant higher expression of the downstream apoptotic effector cleaved caspase 3 was observed in Group 1. Conclusions. The saw-tooth appearance was likely due to the progressive sequence of laser pulses on the capsule. The low energy/high frequency properties of the laser pulse, combined with an overlapped pulse pattern, resulted in highly continuous morphology of capsule edges. The higher apoptosis induction in FLACS group might be due to photodisruption-dependent plasma generation and formation of cavitation bubbles.

Cytomorphometric and Morphological Analysis in Women with Trichomonas vaginalis Infection: Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Cervical Epithelial Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehra Safi Oz ◽  
Banu Doğan Gun ◽  
Mustafa Ozkan Gun ◽  
Sukru Oguz Ozdamar
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the cytomorphometric and morphological effects of Trichomonas vaginalis in exfoliated epithelial cells. Study Design: Ninety-six Pap-stained cervical smears were divided into a study group and two control groups as follows: T. vaginalis cases, a first control group with inflammation, and a second control group without inflammation. Micronucleated, binucleated, karyorrhectic, karyolytic, and karyopyknotic cells and cells with perinuclear halos per 1,000 epithelial cells were counted. Nuclear and cellular areas were evaluated in 70 clearly defined cells in each smear using image analysis. Results: The frequencies of morphological parameters in the T. vaginalis cases were higher than the values of the two control groups, and the difference among groups was found to be significant (p < 0.05). The nuclear and cytoplasmic areas of epithelial cells were diminished in patients with trichomoniasis. The mean nucleus/cytoplasm ratio in T. vaginalis patients was higher than the value in the control groups, and the difference between the study group and control group 1 was significant. However, there was no statistically significant increase between the study group and control group 2. Conclusions:T. vaginalis exhibited significant changes in the cellular size and nuclear structure of the cells. The rising frequency of micronuclei, nuclear abnormalities, and changing nucleus/cytoplasm ratio may reflect genotoxic damage in trichomoniasis.

scholarly journals Gold-silicon nanofiber synthesized by femtosecond laser radiation for enhanced light absorptance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnan Venkatakrishnan ◽  
Abdul Salam Mahmood ◽  
Bo Tan
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Radiation ◽  
Laser Interaction ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Lower Reflectance ◽  
Light Absorptance

In this study, we devised a new concept for the precise nanofabrication of Au-Si fibrous nanostructures using megahertz femtosecond laser irradiation in air and atmospheric pressure conditions. The weblike fibrous nanostructures of Au thin layer on silicon substrate, which are proposed for the application of solar cells, exhibit a specific improvement of the optical properties in visible wavelength. Varying numbers of laser interaction pulses were used to control the synthesis of the nanofibrous structures. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that the nanostructures are formed due to the aggregation of polycrystalline nanoparticles of the respective constituent materials with diameters varying between 30 and 90 nm. Measurement of the reflectance through a spectroradiometer showed that the coupling of incident electromagnetic irradiation was greatly improved over the broadband wavelength range. Lower reflectance intensity was obtained with a higher number of laser pulses due to the bulk of gold nanoparticles being agglomerated by the mechanism of fusion. This forms interweaving fibrous nanostructures which reveal a certain degree of assembly.

scholarly journals Winegrower’s Knives in the Mediaeval Crimea

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Valentin Konstantinovich Gantsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Features ◽  
The South ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Western European ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

This paper addresses the archaeological evidence of the development of viticulture in the mediaeval Crimea as a specialized branch of agriculture. Although the scholarship mentions the areas where vines were planted (Dimitraki hollow, the vicinity of the castle of Siuiren’, Mangup, etc.), these publications do not provide any appropriate descriptions or illustrations. Therefore, reliable archaeological sources include primarily the finds of special winegrower’s knives with a curved (crescent-shaped) blade. There are three zones of their distribution in the south-western (vicinity of Cherson, Eski-Kermen, Mangup, and the vicinity of the castle of Siuiren’), south-eastern (Tepsen’ and Kordon-Oba), and southern Crimea (Isar-Kaia and the vicinity of the castle of Funa). Their chronology covers the period from the eighth to thirteenth centuries. There are two main groups of winegrower’s knives determined according to their morphological features: group 1 comprises tanged knives and group 2 socketed knives. Each group is divided into two subgroups, depending on the presence or absence of a special trapezoidal protrusion, or “axe”, on the back of the blade. The iconographic materials demonstrate that winegrower`s knives of subgroup 1B occurred in the Late Byzantine Period (tanged winegrower’s knife with a sub-rectangular “axe” on the back of the blade). Western European Late Mediaeval miniatures demonstrate the functional use of winegrower`s knives of subgroup 1A (small tanged knives with no “axe”) intended for cutting bunches of grapes.

scholarly journals Reinforcing effects of seaweed nanoparticles in agar-based biopolymer composite: Physical, water vapor barrier, mechanical, and biodegradable properties

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5118-5132
Author(s):  
Rudi Dungani ◽  
Ihak Sumardi ◽  
Yoyo Suhaya ◽  
Pingkan Aditiawati ◽  
Safar Dody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Packaging Material ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Water Vapor Barrier ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Indiscriminate Disposal ◽  
Composite Properties

In recent times, the indiscriminate disposal of post-consumer plastic packaging material has received global attention. There is a need to develop an alternative packaging material from bio-based polymers to reduce plastic waste pollution. This work studied the effects of loading seaweed nanoparticles into an agar matrix by analyzing the physical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, and biodegradation properties, as well as the surface morphological properties of biopolymer composite. The results showed that the addition of seaweed nanoparticles in the biopolymer matrix improved the properties of the agar-based biopolymer composite, except for the water vapor barrier properties of the biopolymer composite. The biopolymer composite film loaded with 6 w/w% seaweed nanoparticles appeared to achieve the highest mechanical strength. In addition, scanning electron microscopy analysis verified that the 6% w/w% seaweed nanoparticles biopolymer composite showed a homogenous surface morphology and had a strong adhesion on the interfaces of the filler and matrix. The samples had a desirable density of 0.0131 cm-1g-1 and a desirable biodegradability when 8 w/w% nanoparticles was used. This study verified that seaweed nanoparticles are compatible with agar matrix in terms of the enhancement of biopolymer composite properties.

P–557 Trophectoderm biopsy technique and rate of mosaicism in human blastocysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C W Chan ◽  
Z Q Tee ◽  
A Y X Lim ◽  
M W Lim ◽  
C S S Lee
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Trophectoderm Biopsy ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Biopsy Technique ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Study question Do different trophectoderm biopsy techniques affect mosaicism rate in human blastocysts? Summary answer No statistical significance was found between biopsy techniques and mosaicism rate. However, an increase in mosaicism rate was observed when the flicking technique was used. What is known already Mosaicism is defined as two or more distinct cell lines within an embryo. Recent advances in Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology with an increased sensitivity allows a higher accuracy in quantification of mosaic levels in biopsied cells. The incidence of mosaicism is widely debated as there are many attributing technical and biological factors. Since, trophectoderm biopsy is a technically challenging process, it is crucial to ensure that the both biopsied cells and blastocyst suffers minimal damage during biopsy. Study design, size, duration This is a prospective study involving 222 patients (age range= 18–44, mean age= 31.5) who underwent IVF cycles in Alpha IVF, Malaysia from March 2019 to August 2019. Six hundred and sixty-eight (668) of the blastocysts were biopsied on Day 5 (Group 1) while 177 blastocysts were biopsied on Day 6 (Group 2). The blastocysts in these groups were further categorised into their corresponding biopsy techniques: (A) laser+pulling; (B) laser+flicking; (C) flicking only. Participants/materials, setting, methods Blastocysts which were at least fair graded (Gardner, 1999) were biopsied and vitrified (Cryotec, Japan). The number of biopsied cells ranged from 5 to 10 cells. All biopsied trophectoderm samples were subjected to Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy (PGT-A) with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) (Ion Torrent, USA). Chromosomal mosaicism analysis was done using ReproSeq Mosaic PGS w1.1 workflow. Trophectoderm biopsied sample which were tested to have 20% to 80% aneuploid cells were reported as mosaic. Main results and the role of chance In Group 1, the mosaicism rates for biopsy technique A, B and C were 23.3% (104/446), 28.2% (58/206) and 37.5% (6/16) respectively. In Group 2, the mosaicism rates for biopsy technique A, B and C were 14.6% (7/48), 19.5% (23/118) and 27.3% (3/11) respectively. There were no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) in mosaicism rates between all study groups and subgroups. Limitations, reasons for caution Although no statistical significance was found between trophectoderm biopsy techniques and the prevalence of mosaicism, there is a trend of an increase in mosaicism rate when the flicking technique was used. Therefore, further studies with a larger sample size should be undertaken. Wider implications of the findings: Our study demonstrates a trend in the decrease of mosaicism rate when laser pulses was used to loosen the cell junction of targeted cells. Hence, in place of the flicking method alone, laser pulses should be applied during trophectoderm biopsy if our findings are confirmed in a larger controlled study. Trial registration number Not applicable

scholarly journals Structural and biochemical studies of HCMV gH/gL/gO and Pentamer reveal mutually exclusive cell entry complexes

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1767-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ciferri ◽  
Sumana Chandramouli ◽  
Danilo Donnarumma ◽  
Pavel A. Nikitin ◽  
Michael A. Cianfrocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Syncytia Formation

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant patients and the leading viral cause of birth defects after congenital infection. The glycoprotein complexes gH/gL/gO and gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A (Pentamer) are key targets of the human humoral response against HCMV and are required for HCMV entry into fibroblasts and endothelial/epithelial cells, respectively. We expressed and characterized soluble forms of gH/gL, gH/gL/gO, and Pentamer. Mass spectrometry and mutagenesis analysis revealed that gL-Cys144 forms disulfide bonds with gO-Cys351 in gH/gL/gO and with UL128-Cys162 in the Pentamer. Notably, Pentamer harboring the UL128-Cys162Ser/gL-Cys144Ser mutations had impaired syncytia formation and reduced interference of HCMV entry into epithelial cells. Electron microscopy analysis showed that HCMV gH/gL resembles HSV gH/gL and that gO and UL128/UL130/UL131A bind to the same site at the gH/gL N terminus. These data are consistent with gH/gL/gO and Pentamer forming mutually exclusive cell entry complexes and reveal the overall location of gH/gL-, gH/gL/gO-, and Pentamer-specific neutralizing antibody binding sites. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the first structural view of gH/gL/gO and Pentamer supporting the development of vaccines and antibody therapeutics against HCMV.

The Effects of Induced Cryptorchidism upon the Principle Cells in the Rat Cauda Epididymis

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Robert J. Niewenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Sperm Maturation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Cryptorchidism is known to cause inhibition of spermatogenesis and to decrease production of testosterone by the interstitial cells of the testes. The effects of this condition upon the epididymis is less clear. In addition, relatively little is known about the role played by the epididymal epithelial cells in the process of absorbtion, secretion and sperm maturation.In this study the cauda epididymides of cryptorchid and vasectomized testes were studied with the electron microscope in order to see how these conditions affect the morphology of the epithelial cells of the epididymis.Young adult male rats were divided into three groups. Animals in group 1 were rendered bilaterally cryptorchid and 25 days later a vasectomy was performed on one side only. Group 2 animals were bilaterally vasectomized and group 3 served as sham operated controls. All test animals were maintained for 90 days after vasectomy and then sacrificed.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Compatibilization Systems on the Rheological, Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polypropylene/Polystyrene Blends

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2335
Author(s):  
Martina Seier ◽  
Sascha Stanic ◽  
Thomas Koch ◽  
Vasiliki-Maria Archodoulaki
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Dynamic Rheology ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Reactive Processing ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Tensile Impact ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

The influence of reactive processing, non reactive and reactive copolymers on immiscible polypropylene (PP)–polystyrene (PS) blends with varying PS concentrations (10 wt.% and 25 wt.%) was evaluated by mechanical (tensile and tensile impact), rheological (melt flow rate, extensional and dynamic rheology) and morphological (scanning electron microscopy) analysis. As an extended framework of the study, the creation of a link to industrial applicable processing conditions as well as an economically efficient use of compatibilzing agent were considered. For radical processed blends, a high improvement in melt strength was observed while non reactive copolymers exhibited a pronounced increase in toughness and ductility correlated with overall best phase homogeneity. Conversely, the influence of the reactive copolymer was quite different for the varied PS concentrations not allowing the assumption of a specific trend for resulting blend properties, but nevertheless in the case of a lower PS concentration the tensile impact strength exceeded the value of virgin PP. Since PS and PP are widely used, the findings of this work could not only be relevant for the generation of more versatile blends compared to virgin components but also for recycling purposes, allowing the enhancement of specific properties facilitating the production of more valuable secondary materials.

Study of clinical and morphological features of postoperative nasal septum perforations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
I. I. Morozov ◽  
◽  
N. S. Grachev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Cytological Picture ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Choice Of Technique ◽  
Group 1

The literature provides many ways to close perforations of the nasal septum (NS), there is no differential approach to the choice of technique depending on the etiological factor. Objective: to study the clinical and morphological features of tissues at the edges of postoperative nasal septum perforations (PNSP) to substantiate the choice of the optimal surgical technique. Materials and methods. 52 patients are divided into 3 groups in accordance with the area (S) of PNSP: 1st S < 1 cm2 (10%); 2nd S 1–2 cm2 (75%), 3rd S > 2 cm2 (15%). In group 2, the subgroups are: 2A – PNSP without curvature of the NS (CNS) (52%); 2B – PNSP with CNS (48%). The state of the mucous membrane (MM) and supporting tissues at the edges of the PNSP, the results of a cytological study from the edges of the PNSP, and specific complaints of the patients were evaluated. Results: In group 1 and 2 at the edges of the PNSP, there was a significant decrease in tissue elasticity compared with group 3, indicating a deficit in supporting tissues (p < 0.05). The ratio of the area of the defect of supporting tissues and PNSP in group 1 was 1 to 3.5, in group 2 – 1 to 1.5, in group 3 – 1 to 1.1. A high degree of elasticity of the posterior edge of PNSP is accompanied by pronounced clinical manifestations, regardless of the size of PNSP, and is confirmed by the cytological picture of inflammation (p <0.01). The presence of CNS enhances the clinical manifestations of PNSPI (p < 0.05). Conclusion: the structure of the edges of PNSP forms the clinical picture of the disease. When choosing a closure method for PNSP, the surgeon must solve the following problems: the size of the NS defect required for replacement is determined not so much by the dimensions of the PNSP as the area of the defect in the supporting tissues of the NS; with a deficit of local tissues, it is advisable to additionally use grafts; MM in the area of the posterior and lower edges has pronounced signs of inflammation, these tissues should be removed during the operation.

Effects of indoor swimming pools on the nasal cytology of pool workers

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Erkul ◽  
A Yaz ◽  
C Cİngİ ◽  
H M İnançlI ◽  
T San ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Skin Prick Test ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Prick Test ◽  
Detailed Clinical History ◽  
Nasal Cytology ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractObjective:We aimed to evaluate the relationship between swimming pool pollutants and allergic rhinitis in swimming pool workers.Materials and methods:Twenty-seven indoor pool workers (group 1) and 49 control subjects (group 2) were enrolled in the study. A skin prick test was performed and a nasal smear was obtained from each subject to evaluate rhinitis.Results:When the groups were compared in terms of epithelial cells, group 1 had significantly more epithelial cells than group 2. When the groups were compared with regard to eosinophils, group 1 had significantly more eosinophils than group 2. The skin prick test results for both groups were not significantly different.Conclusion:Indoor pool workers showed severe symptoms of rhinitis and eosinophilic nasal cytology, likely due to chlorine. Nasal cytology is an easy-to-administer diagnostic test and can be used to follow up rhinitis in indoor pool workers, along with nasal endoscopy, a detailed clinical history and a skin prick test.

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