scholarly journals Pyloric Gland Adenoma of Gallbladder: A Review of Diagnosis and Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Saei Hamedani ◽  
Monica Garcia-Buitrago
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pyloric Gland ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
Histologic Subtype ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Pyloric Gland Adenoma ◽  
Mucosal Lesions

Neoplastic polypoid mucosal lesions of the gallbladder are increasingly being reported in cholecystectomy specimens. However, due to the absence of unified terminology and reporting criteria, the body of scientific evidence on their classification, prognosis, and management is scarce and sometimes controversial. While they have different histomorphologic features (gastric foveolar, gastric pyloric gland, biliary, and intestinal), a significant immunohistochemical overlap exists which highlights their mixed cell lineage with a dominant cell type in each, establishing the subcategory. Because of many shared attributes, intracholecystic papillary-tubular neoplasm (ICPN) has been introduced as an umbrella terminology. ICPNs of the pyloric subtype are lesions larger than 1 cm, as most of the smaller ones are clinically insignificant and represent polypoid hyperplasia rather than a true neoplasm. In this review, we will focus on the pyloric gland adenomas as the most frequent histologic subtype of ICPNs.

scholarly journals Subcellular Localization and Vesicular Structures of Anthocyanin Pigmentation by Fluorescence Imaging of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Stigma Protoplast

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Enerand Mackon ◽  
Yafei Ma ◽  
Guibeline Charlie Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon ◽  
Qiufeng Li ◽  
Qiong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Vacuole ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Black Rice

Anthocyanins belong to the group of flavonoid compounds broadly distributed in plant species responsible for attractive colors. In black rice (Oryza sativa L.), they are present in the stems, leaves, stigmas, and caryopsis. However, there is still no scientific evidence supporting the existence of compartmentalization and trafficking of anthocyanin inside the cells. In the current study, we took advantage of autofluorescence with anthocyanin’s unique excitation/emission properties to elucidate the subcellular localization of anthocyanin and report on the in planta characterization of anthocyanin prevacuolar vesicles (APV) and anthocyanic vacuolar inclusion (AVI) structure. Protoplasts were isolated from the stigma of black and brown rice and imaging using a confocal microscope. Our result showed the fluorescence displaying magenta color in purple stigma and no fluorescence in white stigma when excitation was provided by a helium–neon 552 nm and emission long pass 610–670 nm laser. The fluorescence was distributed throughout the cell, mainly in the central vacuole. Fluorescent images revealed two pools of anthocyanin inside the cells. The diffuse pools were largely found inside the vacuole lumen, while the body structures could be observed mostly inside the cytoplasm (APV) and slightly inside the vacuole (AVI) with different shapes, sizes, and color intensity. Based on their sizes, AVI could be grouped into small (Ф < 0.5 um), middle (Ф between 0.5 and 1 um), and large size (Ф > 1 um). Together, these results provided evidence about the sequestration and trafficking of anthocyanin from the cytoplasm to the central vacuole and the existence of different transport mechanisms of anthocyanin. Our results suggest that stigma cells are an excellent system for in vivo studying of anthocyanin in rice and provide a good foundation for understanding anthocyanin metabolism in plants, sequestration, and trafficking in black rice.

CXC chemokine receptor 4 is expressed in uveal malignant melanoma and correlates with the epithelioid-mixed cell type

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1589-1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Scala ◽  
Caterina Ieranò ◽  
Alessandro Ottaiano ◽  
Renato Franco ◽  
Anna La Mura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Chemokine Receptor ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
Cxc Chemokine Receptor 4 ◽  
Cxc Chemokine ◽  
Uveal Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Chemokine Receptor 4

scholarly journals Transgenic mice: beyond the knockout

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (2) ◽  
pp. F291-F300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lance Miller
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Tissue Imaging ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
Pure Cell ◽  
Deep Tissue Imaging ◽  
Tremendous Impact

Transgenic mice have had a tremendous impact on biomedical research. Most researchers are familiar with transgenic mice that carry Cre recombinase (Cre) and how they are used to create conditional knockouts. However, some researchers are less familiar with many of the other types of transgenic mice and their applications. For example, transgenic mice can be used to study biochemical and molecular pathways in primary cultures and cell suspensions derived from transgenic mice, cell-cell interactions using multiple fluorescent proteins in the same mouse, and the cell cycle in real time and in the whole animal, and they can be used to perform deep tissue imaging in the whole animal, follow cell lineage during development and disease, and isolate large quantities of a pure cell type directly from organs. These novel transgenic mice and their applications provide the means for studying of molecular and biochemical events in the whole animal that was previously limited to cell cultures. In conclusion, transgenic mice are not just for generating knockouts.

scholarly journals Immunobiology and Application of Aloe vera-Based Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Saeedeh Darzi ◽  
Kallyanashis Paul ◽  
Shanilka Leitan ◽  
Jerome A. Werkmeister ◽  
Shayanti Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Foreign Body ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Foreign Body Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Body Response

Aloe vera (AV), a succulent plant belonging to the Liliaceae family, has been widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical application. Its popularity stems from several of its bioactive components that have anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and even immunomodulatory effects. Given such unique multi-modal biological impact, AV has been considered as a biomaterial for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications, where tissue repair and neo-angiogenesis are vital. This review outlines the growing scientific evidence that demonstrates the advantage of AV as tissue engineering scaffolds. We particularly highlight the recent advances in the application of AV-based scaffolds. From a tissue engineering perspective, it is pivotal that the implanted scaffolds strike an appropriate foreign body response to be well-accepted in the body without complications. Herein, we highlight the key cellular processes that regulate the foreign body response to implanted scaffolds and underline the immunomodulatory effects incurred by AV on the innate and adaptive system. Given that AV has several beneficial components, we discuss the importance of delving deeper into uncovering its action mechanism and thereby improving material design strategies for better tissue engineering constructs for biomedical applications.

The Shroud of Turin

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
Thaddeus J. Trenn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Religious Art ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Marshall Mcluhan ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Shroud Of Turin ◽  
High Degree ◽  
As If

The Shroud of Turin, a linen cloth with but a faint image, continues to capture the interest of many people of diverse beliefs. Although the measured age of the cloth is relatively recent, other scientific findings indicate an earlier provenance. Any firm conclusions regarding the cloth's history remain premature. No satisfactory explanation has been found as yet for how the image on the cloth was produced structurally or stylistically. Iconographic evidence suggests that the image was the source of facial peculiarities found in early works of religious art. The body image bears a striking yet preternatural correlation with Scriptural accounts of wounds. Curiously, the image on the cloth functions as a photographic negative, exhibiting a high degree of resolution, as if the original were produced in pixels. Despite serious efforts to discover some artistic origin md medium, scientific evidence points in the direction that it was not produced by hands. If it is tme that the medium is the message, as Marshall McLuhan wrote, then the Turin Shroud may be a parable for the modern age.

scholarly journals A Spongiform Mass in the Stomach: Pyloric Gland Adenoma with a Transition to Adenocarcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myueng Guen Oh ◽  
Soo-Jeong Cho ◽  
Jun Ho Lee ◽  
Myeong-Cherl Kook ◽  
Seog-Yun Park
Keyword(s):  
Pyloric Gland ◽  
Pyloric Gland Adenoma

scholarly journals Poorly Differentiated Small-Cell-Type Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Case Report and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore Kumar ◽  
Rafeeq Ahmed ◽  
Chime Chukwunonso ◽  
Hassan Tariq ◽  
Masooma Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Neuroendocrine cells are widespread throughout the body and can give rise of neuroendocrine tumors due to abnormal growth of the chromaffin cells. Neuroendocrine tumors divide into many subtypes based on tumor grade (Ki-67 index and mitotic count) and differentiation. These tumors can be further divided into secretory and nonsecretory types based on the production of peptide hormone by tumor cells. Poorly differentiated small-cell-type neuroendocrine tumors are one of the subtypes of neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors are less common; however, they tend to be locally invasive and aggressive in behavior with poor overall median survival. Treatment of the nonsecretory small-cell type is modeled to small-cell lung cancer with a regimen consisting of platinum-based chemotherapy and etoposide with variable response. Here, we present a case of poorly differentiated small-cell neuroendocrine tumor originating from the prostate.

scholarly journals Transitional type of Castleman's disease manifested as the POEMS syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilija Tomic ◽  
Goran Plavec ◽  
Olga Tasic ◽  
Aleksandar Ristanovic ◽  
Vlado Cvijanovic
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Poems Syndrome ◽  
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
Vascular Type ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
Transitional Type ◽  
Angiofollicular Hyperplasia

Background. Castleman?s disease is an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by angiofollicular hyperplasia of lymph nodes. Histologically it can be classified into a hyaline-vascular type, plasma-cell type, and transitional (mixed-cell) type, while clinically localized type has been classified as unicentric, or generalized (multicentric) form of the disease. Case report. This paper presents a 21 years old male patient with multicentric Castleman?s disease, a transitional (mixed-cell) type. The disease was manifested by fever, generalized enlargement of peripherial lymph nodes, breast glands enlargement, hyperemia of the face, and weakness of the lower extremities. We found mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pleural and pericardial effusions, sensorimotor peripherial neuropathy and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. The simultaneous presence of these manifestations of the disease (sensomotor peripheral neuropathy, lymphadenopathy, effusions endocrinopathy, polyclonal gammaglobulinemia and skin changes) is indentified as POEMS syndrome. The diagnosis of Castleman?s disease was based on the results of histopathologic analysis of mediastinal lymph node biopsies after thoracotomy. The patient was treated with corticosteroids (prednisone 80 mg daily for 2 weeks followed by 60 mg daily). A partial response was achieved after 4 months of treatment. Conclusion. A transitional type of multicentric Castleman?s disease may be present itself as POEMS syndrome. The effect of corticosteroid therapy in this form of the disease is unpredictable.

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