Effect of Long-Term Sodium Salicylate Administration on Learning, Memory, and Neurogenesis in the Rat Hippocampus

Tinnitus is thought to be caused by damage to the auditory and nonauditory system due to exposure to loud noise, aging, or other etiologies. However, at present, the exact neurophysiological basis of chronic tinnitus remains unknown. To explore whether the function of the limbic system is disturbed in tinnitus, the hippocampus was selected, which plays a vital role in learning and memory. The hippocampal function was examined with a learning and memory procedure. For this purpose, sodium salicylate (NaSal) was used to create a rat animal model of tinnitus, evaluated with prepulse inhibition behavior (PPI). The acquisition and retrieval abilities of spatial memory were measured using the Morris water maze (MWM) in NaSal-treated and control animals, followed by observation of c-Fos and delta-FosB protein expression in the hippocampal field by immunohistochemistry. To further identify the neural substrate for memory change in tinnitus, neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) was compared between the NaSal group and the control group. The results showed that acquisition and retrieval of spatial memory were impaired by NaSal treatment. The expression of c-Fos and delta-FosB protein was also inhibited in NaSal-treated animals. Simultaneously, neurogenesis in the DG was also impaired in tinnitus animals. In general, our data suggest that the hippocampal system (limbic system) may play a key role in tinnitus pathology.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of spatial memory and anti-fatigue function of long-term supplementation of β-alanine and confirmation through cAMP-PKA and apoptosis pathways in mice

eFood ◽

10.53365/efood.k/144395 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Long Ma ◽

Yang Yang ◽

Kiran Thakur ◽

Carlos L. Cespedes-Acuña ◽

Jian-Guo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Fatigue Resistance ◽

Spatial Learning ◽

Control Group ◽

Spatial Learning And Memory ◽

Apoptotic Pathway ◽

Apoptosis Pathways ◽

Pka Pathway

With an aim to explore the effects of β-alanine (β-A) on spatial memory and fatigue resistance, Kunming mice were treated with different concentrations of β-A (418, 836, and 2090 mg·kg -1·day -1). After gavage feeding with β-A for 10 weeks, results of the maze and MWM tests showed that β-A can enhance spatial learning and memory in mice. After evaluating the fatigue resistance, biochemical parameters (LG, GG, BUN, SOD, and MDA) showed significant differences in the low concentration treatment group compared to control group. Our data demonstrated that the appropriate dose of β-A can alleviate the oxidative stress and muscle fatigue in mice. Subsequently, expression of mRNA of key genes involved in cAMP-PKA pathway (PDE4A, MAPK1, adcy1, cAMP and CREB) was up regulated. Also, expression levels of apoptotic pathway genes were significantly affected as confirmed by qPCR and Western blotting. Our results demonstrated that β-A can enhance spatial learning and memory in mice via regulation of cAMP-PKA and apoptotic pathway.

Download Full-text

The Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy for Gastric Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis and Literature Review

Cancer Control ◽

10.1177/1073274821997430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 107327482199743

Author(s):

Ke Chen ◽

Xiao Wang ◽

Liu Yang ◽

Zheling Chen

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Esophageal Cancer ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Response Rates ◽

Control Group ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

And Control

Background: Treatment options for advanced gastric esophageal cancer are quite limited. Chemotherapy is unavoidable at certain stages, and research on targeted therapies has mostly failed. The advent of immunotherapy has brought hope for the treatment of advanced gastric esophageal cancer. The aim of the study was to analyze the safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy and the long-term survival of patients who were diagnosed as gastric esophageal cancer and received anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Method: Studies on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy of advanced gastric esophageal cancer published before February 1, 2020 were searched online. The survival (e.g. 6-month overall survival, 12-month overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rates (ORR)) and adverse effects of immunotherapy were compared to that of control therapy (physician’s choice of therapy). Results: After screening 185 studies, 4 comparative cohort studies which reported the long-term survival of patients receiving immunotherapy were included. Compared to control group, the 12-month survival (OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.12, P < 0.0001) and 18-month survival (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.81, P = 0.0001) were significantly longer in immunotherapy group. The 3-month survival rate (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.36 to 3.06, P = 0.92) and 18-month survival rate (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.12, P = 0.07) were not significantly different between immunotherapy group and control group. The ORR were not significantly different between immunotherapy group and control group (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.65 to 3.66, P = 0.01). Meta-analysis pointed out that in the PD-L1 CPS ≥10 sub group population, the immunotherapy could obviously benefit the patients in tumor response rates (OR = 3.80, 95% CI: 1.89 to 7.61, P = 0.0002). Conclusion: For the treatment of advanced gastric esophageal cancer, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy was superior to that of chemotherapy or palliative care.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Telerehabilitation on Quality of Life, Exercise Capacity, and Spirometry Indexes in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Masih Daneshvari Hospital

Journal of Iranian Medical Council ◽

10.18502/jimc.v4i3.7218 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Somayeh Ghadimi ◽

Atefeh Fakharian ◽

Mohsen Abedi ◽

Reyhaneh Zahiri ◽

Mahsan Norouz Afjeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients ◽

And Control

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) leads to limited activity and reduced quality of life. Treatment of this disease is a long-term process that requires the cooperation of patients in monitoring and treatment. Methods: In the present study which was conducted from April 2019 to March 2021 in Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran, 75 patients were randomly divided into telerehabilitation and control groups. Patients in the control group received pulmonary rehabilitation including respiratory, isometric, and aerobic exercises for 8 weeks, three times per week. In the second group, patients were given a lung rehabilitation booklet and asked to repeat the exercises three times a week for four weeks according to a specific schedule. In addition, patients installed Behzee care application on the mobile phone that recorded various indicators such as heart rate, SpO2, dyspnea, fatigue, and daily activities. This application reminded the patient of the program every day and at a specific time. Finally, the patients’ conditions were compared in the two groups after 8 weeks using CAT and mMRC questionnaires and 6-Minute Walk (6MW) exercise indices as well as spirometry tests. Results: In all four indicators (6MW, CAT, and mMRC questionnaires as well as spirometry), patients showed improvement after rehabilitation (p<0.001). This improvement was significantly higher in the telemedicine group compared to the other group (p<0.01). Conclusion: The use of telerehabilitation in COPD patients is effective in improving spirometry indices, quality of life, as well as activity and sports indices.

Download Full-text

What is the impact of methotrexate on liver in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis? Results of liver SWE performed in a single centre

Modern Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/mr/roab064 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vildan Güngörer ◽

Mehmet Öztürk ◽

Mustafa Yasir Özlü ◽

Şükrü Arslan

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Term Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 2 ◽

Long Term Therapy ◽

And Control ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Objectives Long-term therapy with low-dose methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in treatment of rheumatic diseases, in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver elasticity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who received MTX and compare the results with control group. Methods Liver elasticity was evaluated with shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in 25 patients aged 3–17 years who were followed up with JIA and received MTX and compared with 25 healthy controls of the same age and weight. Factors that had an effect on liver elasticity were examined. Results The mean SWE value of patients was 2.64 ± 2.13 m/s and 24.10 ± 18.50 kPa, whereas 1.83 ± 0.16 m/s and 10.09 ± 1.83 kPa in control group. There was a significant difference in liver elasticity in the patient and control groups. When the patients were evaluated as Group 1 (< 1000 mg) and Group 2 (≥ 1000 mg) according to the cumulative MTX dose, no significant difference was obtained. There was positive correlation between liver elasticity and weekly MTX dose and age. Conclusions Our study revealed that liver elasticity significantly decreased in patients who received MTX when compared with the control group. The elastography technique will be understood better over time and used safely in many areas.

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF HYPNOBREASTFEEDING AND ACUPRESSURE ON ANXIETY AND WOUND PAIN IN POST-CAESAREAN MOTHERS

Belitung Nursing Journal ◽

10.33546/bnj.191 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 525-532

Author(s):

Diah Evawanna Anuhgera ◽

Tjahjono Kuncoro ◽

Sri Sumarni ◽

Mardiyono Mardiyono ◽

Ari Suwondo

Keyword(s):

Public Hospital ◽

Alternative Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Data ◽

Before And After ◽

Wound Pain ◽

And Control

Background: Post-cesarean mothers often experience anxiety and discomfort due to long-term pain. The combination of hypnobreastfeeding and acupressure is considered to be effective in reducing anxiety and pain levels. Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of combination of hypnobreastfeeding and acupressure on anxiety and pain levels in post-caesarean mothers.Methods: This study was a true experiment with pretest-posttest control group design, conducted in the Ambarawa Public Hospital on 5 November to 9 December 2016. There were 36 participants selected using stratified random sampling, with 18 assigned in the experiment and control group. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and wilcoxon test.Results: There were statistically significant differences of anxiety and pain levels before and after intervention in the experiment and control group with p-value 0.001 (<0.05).Conclusion: The combination of hypnobreastfeeding and acupressure has a significant effect in reducing anxiety and pain levels in post-cesarean mothers. This intervention could be applied as an alternative therapy in treating post-caesarean mothers.

Download Full-text

Nicotine-induced impairments of spatial cognition and long-term potentiation in adolescent male rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327113494902 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 203-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

G Han ◽

L An ◽

B Yang ◽

L Si ◽

T Zhang

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Long Term Potentiation ◽

Male Rats ◽

Adolescent Male ◽

Control Group ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

Behavioral Impairment ◽

Term Potentiation

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cognitive behavioral impairment, induced by nicotine in offspring rats, was associated with the alteration of hippocampal short-term potentiation (STP) and long-term potentiation (LTP) and to discuss the potential underlying mechanism. Young adult offspring rats were randomly divided into three groups. The groups include: control group (CC), nicotine group 1 (NC), in which their mothers received nicotine from gestational day 3 (GD3) to GD18, and nicotine group 2 (CN), in which young adult offspring rats received nicotine from postnatal day 42 (PD42) to PD56. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed and then field excitatory postsynaptic potentials elicited by the stimulation of perforant pathway were recorded in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region. The results of the MWM test showed that learning and memory were impaired by either prenatal or postnatal nicotine exposure. In addition, it was found that there was no statistical difference of the MWM data between both nicotine treatments. In the electrophysiological test, LTP and STP were significantly inhibited in both NC and CN groups in comparison with the CC group. Notably, STP in CN group was also lower than that in the NC group. These findings suggested that both prenatal and postnatal exposure to nicotine induced learning and memory deficits, while the potential mechanism might be different from each other due to their dissimilar impairments of synaptic plasticity.

Download Full-text

Effect of Astragalus membranaceus Oral Solution on Lifespan and Learning and Memory Ability of Honey Bees

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/5745048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tao Hong ◽

Long-Xue Li ◽

Xiao-ping Han ◽

Jing-liang Shi ◽

Cai-yun Dan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Learning And Memory ◽

Honey Bees ◽

Dose Group ◽

Low Dose ◽

Oral Solution ◽

Astragalus Membranaceus ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

In this study, the effects of Astragalus membranaceus oral solution on lifespan and learning and memory abilities of honey bees were evaluated. Two groups of bees were fed with sucrose syrup (50%) containing low dose (1.33%) and high dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus oral solution, respectively. The proboscis extension response (PER) analysis was applied to examine the learning and memory capabilities of bees. Two genes related to memory formation in honey bees were determined by real-time PCR. High dose (13.3%) of A. membranaceus significantly decreased the mean lifespan of bees compared to the bees fed with low dose (1.33%) and control bees. No significant differences in lifespan of bees were found between low-dose-fed bees and control bees. The results of PER experiments showed apparent improvement in the memorizing ability of the high-dose group (in comparison with the control group). Moreover, the relative expression levels of Nmdar1 in the low-dose group and control group were significantly lower than those in the high-dose group. It is preliminarily concluded that A. membranaceus has an adverse effect on the mean lifespan of honey bees but might be helpful in strengthening memories.

Download Full-text

Prenatal Exposure to Cadmium During Organogenesis Impairs Memory in Young Rats

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1177/1091581819850579 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 312-318 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernanda Gumilar ◽

Cristina Bras ◽

Patricia Aggio ◽

Sergio Domínguez ◽

Mariana Bartos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Radial Maze ◽

Inhibitory Avoidance ◽

Male Offspring ◽

Control Group ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Term Memory ◽

Step Down

Pregnant rats were treated with 0.3 and 0.6 mg cadmium (CdCl2)/kg injected subcutaneously on a daily basis from gestational day 7 to day 15 (organogenesis period). One control group was not injected and other received saline. The 45-day-old offspring were tested in a step-down inhibitory avoidance to evaluate short-term and long-term memory and in a radial maze for the study of spatial memory. These studies showed that gestational exposure to 0.6 mg Cd/kg produced in the male offspring a significant impairment in the retention of long-term memory evaluated 24 hours after training in the step-down inhibitory avoidance. The radial maze also demonstrated that the male offspring prenatally exposed to 0.6 mg Cd presented a significant deficit in the retention of spatial memory evaluated 42 days after training. These results demonstrate that the exposure to Cd during organogenesis may affect the retention of some types of memory.

Download Full-text

Comparative Evaluation of Infected and NoninfectedAmblyomma tristeTicks withRickettsia parkeri, the Agent of an Emerging Rickettsiosis in the New World

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/402737 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

F. A. Nieri-Bastos ◽

M. P. J. Szabó ◽

R. C. Pacheco ◽

J. F. Soares ◽

H. S. Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infected Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Rickettsia Parkeri ◽

Amblyomma Triste ◽

Vertebrate Hosts ◽

Domestic Rabbits ◽

And Control ◽

Term Maintenance

The distribution ofRickettsia parkeriin South America has been associated withAmblyomma tristeticks. The present study evaluated under laboratory conditions two colonies ofA. triste: one started from engorged females that were naturally infected byR. parkeri(designated as infected group); the other started from noninfected females (designated as control group). Both colonies were reared in parallel for five consecutive generations. Tick-naïve domestic rabbits were used for feeding of each tick stage and generation.R. parkeriwas preserved by transstadial maintenance and transovarial transmission inA. tristeticks for five consecutive generations, because all tested larvae, nymphs, and adults from the infected group were shown by PCR to contain rickettsial DNA. All rabbits infested by larvae, nymphs, and adults from the infected group seroconverted, indicating that these tick stages were all vector competent forR. parkeri. Expressive differences in mortality rates were observed between engorged nymphs from the infected and control groups, as indicated by 65.9% and 92.4% molting success, respectively. Our results indicate thatA. tristecan act as a natural reservoir forR. parkeri. However, due to deleterious effect caused byR. parkerion engorged nymphs, amplifier vertebrate hosts might be necessary for natural long-term maintenance ofR. parkeriinA. triste.

Download Full-text

Temporal Effects of Acute Walking Exercise on Learning and Memory Function

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117117749476 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 1518-1525 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Eveleen Sng ◽

Emily Frith ◽

Paul D. Loprinzi

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Memory Encoding ◽

Temporal Effects ◽

Better Than

Purpose: To evaluate the temporal effects of acute exercise on episodic memory. Design: A quasi-experimental study. Sample: Eighty-eight college students (N = 22 per group). Measures: Four experimental groups were evaluated, including a control group, exercising prior to memory encoding, exercising during encoding, and exercising during memory consolidation. The exercise stimulus consisted of a 15-minute moderate-intensity walk on a treadmill. Participants completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to assess learning and memory. Prospective memory was assessed via a Red Pen Task. Long-term memory (recognition and attribution) of the RAVLT was assessed 20 minutes and 24 hours after exercise. Analysis: Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed the performance of RAVLT scores of trials 1 to 5 across groups. One-way ANOVA assessed the performance of individual trials across groups, whereas χ2 assessed the performance of the Red Pen Task across groups. Results: Regarding learning, the interaction of groups × trial was marginally statistically significant ( F12,332 = 1.773, P = .05), indicating that the group which exercised before encoding did better than the group that exercised during encoding and consolidation. For both 24-hour recognition and attribution performance, the group that exercised before memory encoding performed significantly better than the group that exercised during consolidation ( P = .05 recognition, P = .006 attribution). Discussion: Engaging in a 15-minute bout of moderate-intensity walking before a learning task was effective in influencing long-term episodic memory.

Download Full-text