scholarly journals Characterizations of Certain Types of Type 2 Soft Graphs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khizar Hayat ◽  
Bing-Yuan Cao ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Ali ◽  
Faruk Karaaslan ◽  
Zejian Qin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Simple Graph ◽  
Soft Set ◽  
Regular Type ◽  
New Concepts

The vertex-neighbors correspondence has an essential role in the structure of a graph. The type 2 soft set is also based on the correspondence of initial parameters and underlying parameters. Recently, type 2 soft graphs have been introduced. Structurally, it is a very efficient model of uncertainty to deal with graph neighbors and applicable in applied intelligence, computational analysis, and decision-making. The present paper characterizes type 2 soft graphs on underlying subgraphs (regular subgraphs, irregular subgraphs, cycles, and trees) of a simple graph. We present regular type 2 soft graphs, irregular type 2 soft graphs, and type 2 soft trees. Moreover, we introduce type 2 soft cycles, type 2 soft cut-nodes, and type 2 soft bridges. Finally, we present some operations on type 2 soft trees by presenting several examples to demonstrate these new concepts.

scholarly journals A New Type-2 Soft Set: Type-2 Soft Graphs and Their Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khizar Hayat ◽  
Muhammad Irfan Ali ◽  
Bing-Yuan Cao ◽  
Xiao-Peng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Soft Set ◽  
Soft Sets ◽  
Present Procedure ◽  
Graph Type ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
New Type

The correspondence between a vertex and its neighbors has an essential role in the structure of a graph. Type-2 soft sets are also based on the correspondence of primary parameters and underlying parameters. In this study, we present an application of type-2 soft sets in graph theory. We introduce vertex-neighbors based type-2 soft sets overX(set of all vertices of a graph) andE(set of all edges of a graph). Moreover, we introduce some type-2 soft operations in graphs by presenting several examples to demonstrate these new concepts. Finally, we describe an application of type-2 soft graphs in communication networks and present procedure as an algorithm.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Approach with Fuzzy Type-2 Soft Graphs

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Sundas Shahzadi ◽  
Musavarah Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Set Theory ◽  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Soft Set ◽  
Soft Sets ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Primary Relationship

Molodtsov’s theory of soft sets is free from the parameterizations insufficiency of fuzzy set theory. Type-2 soft set as an extension of a soft set has an essential mathematical structure to deal with parametrizations and their primary relationship. Fuzzy type-2 soft models play a key role to study the partial membership and uncertainty of objects along with underlying and primary set of parameters. In this research article, we introduce the concept of fuzzy type-2 soft set by integrating fuzzy set theory and type-2 soft set theory. We also introduce the notions of fuzzy type-2 soft graphs, regular fuzzy type-2 soft graphs, irregular fuzzy type-2 soft graphs, fuzzy type-2 soft trees, and fuzzy type-2 soft cycles. We construct some operations such as union, intersection, AND, and OR on fuzzy type-2 soft graphs and discuss these concepts with numerical examples. The fuzzy type-2 soft graph is an efficient model for dealing with uncertainty occurring in vertex-neighbors structure and is applicable in computational analysis, applied intelligence, and decision-making problems. We study the importance of fuzzy type-2 soft graphs in chemical digestion and national engineering services.

scholarly journals Type-2 Fuzzy Soft Sets and Their Applications in Decision Making

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Zhang ◽  
Shouhua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set Theory ◽  
Soft Set ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Fuzzy Soft Set ◽  
Soft Sets ◽  
Fuzzy Soft Sets ◽  
Weighted Type

Molodtsov introduced the theory of soft sets, which can be used as a general mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainty. This paper aims to introduce the concept of the type-2 fuzzy soft set by integrating the type-2 fuzzy set theory and the soft set theory. Some operations on the type-2 fuzzy soft sets are given. Furthermore, we investigate the decision making based on type-2 fuzzy soft sets. By means of level soft sets, we propose an adjustable approach to type-2 fuzzy-soft-set based decision making and give some illustrative examples. Moreover, we also introduce the weighted type-2 fuzzy soft set and examine its application to decision making.

1552-P: Machine Learning Approach to Decision-Making for Initial Insulin Use in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1552-P
Author(s):  
KAZUYA FUJIHARA ◽  
MAYUKO H. YAMADA ◽  
YASUHIRO MATSUBAYASHI ◽  
MASAHIKO YAMAMOTO ◽  
TOSHIHIRO IIZUKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Insulin Use

scholarly journals A Heterogeneous Graph Enhanced LSTM Network for Hog Price Prediction Using Online Discussion

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
Kai Ye ◽  
Yangheran Piao ◽  
Kun Zhao ◽  
Xiaohui Cui
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Online Discussion ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Price Prediction ◽  
Price Data ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
Lstm Network

Forecasting the prices of hogs has always been a popular field of research. Such information has played an essential role in decision-making for farmers, consumers, corporations, and governments. It is hard to predict hog prices because too many factors can influence them. Some of the factors are easy to quantify, but some are not. Capturing the characteristics behind the price data is also tricky considering their non-linear and non-stationary nature. To address these difficulties, we propose Heterogeneous Graph-enhanced LSTM (HGLTSM), which is a method that predicts weekly hog price. In this paper, we first extract the historical prices of necessary agricultural products in recent years. Then, we utilize discussions from the online professional community to build heterogeneous graphs. These graphs have rich information of both discussions and the engaged users. Finally, we construct HGLSTM to make the prediction. The experimental results demonstrate that forum discussions are beneficial to hog price prediction. Moreover, our method exhibits a better performance than existing methods.

scholarly journals Attenuation of COVID-19-induced cytokine storm in a young male patient with severe respiratory and neurological symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Muschitz ◽  
Anita Trummert ◽  
Theresa Berent ◽  
Norbert Laimer ◽  
Lukas Knoblich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Central Nervous System

SummarySevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), produces protean manifestations and causes indiscriminate havoc in multiple organ systems. This rapid and vast production of proinflammatory cytokines contributes to a condition termed cytokine storm. A 35-year-old, otherwise healthy, employed, male patient was tested positive for COVID-19. He was admitted to the hospital on disease day 10 due to retarded verbal reactions and progressive delirium. On account of these conditions and the need for noninvasive/invasive ventilation, a combination treatment with baricitinib and remdesivir in conjunction with standard of care was initiated. The cytokine storm was rapidly blocked, leading to a vast pulmonary recovery with retarded recovery of the central nervous system. We conclude that the rapid blockade of the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm should be considered of avail as a principle of careful decision-making for effective recovery.

scholarly journals Shared decision making and patient-centeredness for patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary care—results of the cluster-randomised controlled DEBATE trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Wollny ◽  
Christin Löffler ◽  
Eva Drewelow ◽  
Attila Altiner ◽  
Christian Helbig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Patient Centeredness

Abstract Background We investigate whether an educational intervention of GPs increases patient-centeredness and perceived shared decision making in the treatment of patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus? Methods We performed a cluster-randomized controlled trial in German primary care. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus defined as HbA1c levels ≥ 8.0% (64 mmol/mol) at the time of recruitment (n = 833) from general practitioners (n = 108) were included. Outcome measures included subjective shared decision making (SDM-Q-9; scale from 0 to 45 (high)) and patient-centeredness (PACIC-D; scale from 1 to 5 (high)) as secondary outcomes. Data collection was performed before intervention (baseline, T0), at 6 months (T1), at 12 months (T2), at 18 months (T3), and at 24 months (T4) after baseline. Results Subjective shared decision making decreased in both groups during the course of the study (intervention group: -3.17 between T0 and T4 (95% CI: -4.66, -1.69; p < 0.0001) control group: -2.80 (95% CI: -4.30, -1.30; p = 0.0003)). There were no significant differences between the two groups (-0.37; 95% CI: -2.20, 1.45; p = 0.6847). The intervention's impact on patient-centeredness was minor. Values increased in both groups, but the increase was not statistically significant, nor was the difference between the groups. Conclusions The intervention did not increase patient perceived subjective shared decision making and patient-centeredness in the intervention group as compared to the control group. Effects in both groups might be partially attributed to the Hawthorne-effect. Future trials should focus on patient-based intervention elements to investigate effects on shared decision making and patient-centeredness. Trial registration The trial was registered on March 10th, 2011 at ISRCTN registry under the reference ISRCTN70713571.

Representing a probabilistic linguistic term set with an interval type-2 fuzzy set and the application in green supplier selection

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Le Jiang ◽  
Hongbin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Membership Function ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Symbolic Model ◽  
Green Supplier Selection ◽  
Linguistic Term ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Decision Making Model

The use of probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) means the process of computing with words. The existing methods computing with PLTSs mainly use symbolic model. To provide a semantic model for computing with PLTSs, we propose to represent a PLTS by using an interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2FS). The key step is to compute the footprint of uncertainty of the IT2FS. To this aim, the upper membership function is computed by aggregating the membership functions of the linguistic terms contained in the PLTS, and the lower membership function is obtained by moving the upper membership function downward with the step being total entropy of the PLTS. The comparison rules, some operations, and an aggregation operator for PLTSs are introduced. Based on the proposed method of computing with PLTSs, a multi-criteria group decision making model is introduced. The proposed decision making model is then applied in green supplier selection problem to show its feasibility.

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