scholarly journals Simulation Model for Dynamics of Dengue with Innate and Humoral Immune Responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Perera ◽  
S. S. N. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Viral Kinetics ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Kinetics Of

Dengue virus is a mosquito borne Flavivirus and the most prevalent arbovirus in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The incidence of dengue has increased drastically over the last few years at an alarming rate. The clinical manifestation of dengue ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe dengue. Even though the viral kinetics of dengue infection is lacking, innate immune response and humoral immune response are thought to play a major role in controlling the virus count. Here, we developed a computer simulation mathematical model including both innate and adaptive immune responses to study the within-host dynamics of dengue virus infection. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify key parameters that would contribute towards severe dengue. A detailed stability analysis was carried out to identify relevant range of parameters that contributes to different outcomes of the infection. This study provides a qualitative understanding of the biological factors that can explain the viral kinetics during a dengue infection.

Mathematical modeling and analysis of innate and humoral immune responses to dengue infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulanie Perera ◽  
S. S. N. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Virus Dynamics ◽  
Quasi Steady State ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

Dengue is an acute arthropode-borne virus, belonging to the family Flaviviridae. Currently, there are no vaccines or treatments available against dengue. Thus it is important to understand the dynamics of dengue in order to control the infection. In this paper, we study the long-term dynamics of the model that is presented in [S. D. Perera and S. S. N. Perera, Simulation model for dynamics of dengue with innate and humoral immune responses, Comput. Math. Methods Med. 2018 (2018) 8798057, 18 pp. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8798057 ] which describes the interaction of virus with infected and uninfected cells in the presence of innate and humoral immune responses. It was found the model has three equilibria, namely: infection free equilibrium, no immune equilibrium and endemic equilibrium, then analyzed its stability analytically. The analytical findings of each model have been exemplified by numerical simulations. Given the fact that intensity of dengue virus replication at early times of infection could determine clinical outcomes, it is important to understand the impact of innate immunity, which is believed to be the first line of defense against an invading pathogen. For this we carry out a simulation case study to investigate the importance of innate immune response on dengue virus dynamics. A comparison was done assuming that innate immunity was active; innate immunity was in quasi-steady state and innate immunity was inactive during the virus replication process. By a further analysis of the qualitative behavior of the quasi-steady state, it was observed that innate immune response plays a pivotal role in dengue virus dynamics. It can change the dynamical behavior of the system and is essential for the virus clearance.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BACILLUS OF CALMETTE-GUÉRIN, AVRIDINE AND Propionibacterium acnes AS IMMUNOMODULATORS ON RABIES IN MICE

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MEGID ◽  
M.T.S. PERAÇOLI ◽  
P.R. CURI ◽  
C.R. ZANETTI ◽  
W.H. CABRERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Cellular Immune Response ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Inoculation Test ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

The cellular and humoral immune responses of mice inoculated with rabies virus and treated with the Bacillus of Calmette-Guérin, Avridine and Propionibacterium acnes were evaluated in this paper. There was a higher percentage of surviving mice in groups submitted to P. acnes treatment. Lower levels of interferon-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> (IFN-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font>) were found in infected mice. The intra-pad inoculation test (IPI) was not effective to detect cellular immune response, contrary to the results found in MIF reaction. The survival of mice did not present correlation with the levels of antirabies serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies titers, IFN-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font> concentration and MIF response.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BACTERIAL IMMUNOMODULATORS INFLUENCE ON IMMUNOREGULATORY MECHANISMS IN PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY ALLERGIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
A V Sobolev ◽  
O V Aak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cytokine Balance ◽  
Respiratory Allergies ◽  
Immunoregulatory Mechanisms

Recovering from bacterial infections in the first years of life reduces further risk of allergic diseases. Effects of bacterial immunomodulator Broncho Vaxom on immune system to certain extent repeats the immune response that occurs during penetration of the pathogen in the body. Bacterial antigens orchestrate cellular and humoral immune responses, stimulate innate immunity, normalize cytokine balance, and are promising in the treatment of respiratory allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Immune Response to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Spike Glycoprotein by Gene-Based and Inactivated Virus Immunization

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (22) ◽  
pp. 13915-13923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing-pui Kong ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Konrad Stadler ◽  
Jeffrey B. Ulmer ◽  
Sergio Abrignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adenoviral Vector ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT Although the initial isolates of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) are sensitive to neutralization by antibodies through their spike (S) glycoprotein, variants of S have since been identified that are resistant to such inhibition. Optimal vaccine strategies would therefore make use of additional determinants of immune recognition, either through cellular or expanded, cross-reactive humoral immunity. Here, the cellular and humoral immune responses elicited by different combinations of gene-based and inactivated viral particles with various adjuvants have been assessed. The T-cell response was altered by different prime-boost immunizations, with the optimal CD8 immunity induced by DNA priming and replication-defective adenoviral vector boosting. The humoral immune response was enhanced most effectively through the use of inactivated virus with adjuvants, either MF59 or alum, and was associated with stimulation of the CD4 but not the CD8 response. The use of inactivated SARS virus with MF59 enhanced the CD4 and antibody response even after gene-based vaccination. Because both cellular and humoral immune responses are generated by gene-based vaccination and inactivated viral boosting, this strategy may prove useful in the generation of SARS-CoV vaccines.

Experimental mixed infection ofLeishmania(Leishmania)amazonensisandLeishmania(L.)infantumin hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 1191-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
JORDANNA LUÍZA DE LIMA CELESTE ◽  
ANA PAULA VENUTO MOURA ◽  
JOÃO CARLOS FRANÇA-SILVA ◽  
GABRIELA MATOS DE SOUSA ◽  
SORAIA OLIVEIRA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
South America ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Masses

SUMMARYIn South America, visceral leishmaniasis is frequently caused byLeishmania infantumand, at an unknown frequency, byLeishmania amazonensis. Therefore, mixed infections with these organisms are possible. Mixed infections might affect the clinical course, immune response, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology of the disease. Here we describe the clinical course of mixed infections withL. amazonensisandL. infantumin a hamster model. We show that mixed infections are associated with more severe clinical disease than infection withL. amazonensisorL. infantumalone. In spleens with mixed infections,L. infantumoutcompetedL. amazonensisin the tissue, but not in culture from tissue. We found increased levels of IgG in animals infected withL. infantum.Although more than 30 bands were revealed in a Western blot, the highest immunogenicity was observed with proteins having molecular masses of 95 and 90 kDa, whereas proteins with molecular masses of lower than 50 kDa were reactive frequently with serum from hamsters infected withL. amazonensis, and proteins with molecular masses of 80 and 70 kDa were reactive only with serum from hamsters infected withL. infantum. This finding has important implications regarding the biology ofLeishmaniaand humoral immune responses to infections with these organisms.

scholarly journals Control of Giardiasis by Interleukin-17 in Humans and Mice—Are the Questions All Answered?

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Key Factor

ABSTRACTFor years, studies of the immune response toGiardia lambliainfection focused on the production of IgA by infected hosts and antigenic variation by the parasite to escape destruction by this IgA. A new study by Hanevik and colleagues (C. S. Saghaug, S. Sørnes, D. Peirasmaki, S. Svärd, N. Langeland, and K. Hanevik, Clin Vaccine Immunol 23:11–18, 2016,http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00419-15) highlights the emerging role of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in immunity to this parasite. Along with recent studies ofGiardiainfections of animals, this work shows that IL-17 appears to be essential for the control of these infections and to be a key factor linking cellular and humoral immune responses.

scholarly journals Impact of Humoral Immune Response and Absorption Effect on Dynamics of Dengue Virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
S.D. Perera ◽  
S.S.N. Perera
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Absorption Effect ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Global Threat

Dengue infection represents a global threat causing 50-100 million infections per year and placing half of the world’s population at risk. Even though how infection is controlled and cured rather remains a mystery, antibodies are thought to play a major role in clearing the virus. In this paper, we study the dynamics of dengue virus with humoral immune response and absorption effect. The proposed model incorporates a time delay in production of antibodies. The basic reproduction number R0 is computed and a detailed stability analysis is done. It was found that the model has 3 steady states, namely, infection free equilibrium, no immune equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. Conditions for R0 were developed for the local stability of these 3 equilibrium states. The global stability was studied using appropriate Lyapunov function and LaSalle’s invariance principle. We then established a condition for which the endemic equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable. Also it was observed that the virus count goes to negligible levels within 7-14 days after the onset of symptoms.

Humoral Immune Responses against the Immature Laminin Receptor Show Prognostic Significance in Patients with Multiple Myeloma.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1534-1534
Author(s):  
Matthias Zeis ◽  
Sandra Siegel ◽  
Birte Friedrichs ◽  
Norbert Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Laminin Receptor ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Autologous Tumor ◽  
Immune Control ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by a highly variable clinical course. The role of an autologous tumor-specific immune control contributing to the variable length of survival in MM is poorly understood. In the current study, we investigated whether humoral immunity specific for the tumor-associated oncofetal antigen/immature laminin receptor (OFA/iLR) has a prognostic value in MM. In patients with monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) we found significant levels of anti-OFA/iLR antibodies in 21 of 30 sera (70%) and in 7 of 27 (26%) patients with asymptomatic MM (AMM). In contrast, in sera from patients with progressive MM (n=67) and in normal healthy donors (HD, n=60) no humoral reactivity against OFA/iLR was present. To look on long-term persistence of humoral anti-OFA/iLR immune responses, significant and stable titers of anti-OFA/iLR-specific IgG antibodies in follow-up samples of MGUS patients were detected. IgG subclass analyses showed a predominant IgG1 and IgG3 response suggestive for a Th1-driven immune response in the vast majority of patients with MGUS and to smaller extent in patients with AMM. OFA/iLR-antibodies were capable of recognizing and selectively killing OFA/iLR-expressing myeloma cells in complement-mediated and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. To determine whether the presence of anti-OFA/iLR antibodies influenced progression-free survival (PFS), patients were analyzed according to the presence/absence of a humoral immune response against OFA/iLR protein. In a univariate analysis, the group of patients with reactive sera (n=28) showed a significantly lower probability of disease progression compared to patients with non-reactive sera (n=29). In the patient group with significant anti-OFA/iLR titers only 2 of 28 patients developed disease progression, but 18 of 29 patients with OFA/iLR non-reactive sera (p=0.001). Our data suggest that spontaneous tumor-specific humoral immune responses against OFA/iLR exist in a significant proportion of MM patients and that superior PFS in those patients could reflect autologous immune control.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii: humoral and cellular immune response of BALB/c mice immunized via intranasal route with rTgROP2

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Igarashi ◽  
Dauton Luiz Zulpo ◽  
Ivo Alexandre Leme da Cunha ◽  
Luiz Daniel Barros ◽  
Vanessa Figueredo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Iptg Induction ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

TgROP2 is an intracellular protein associated with rhoptries of Toxoplama gondii and an antigen component of a candidate vaccine for toxoplasmosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of rTgROP2 to stimulate humoral and cellular immune responses in BALB/c mice via intranasal injection. TgROP2 partial coding sequence was (196-561) amplified by PCR from genomic T. gondii RH strain DNA and cloned into the pTrcHis expression vector. Escherichia coli Rosetta 2 cells transformed with pTrcHis-TgROP2 showed high levels (~1 mg.mL-1) of recombinant protein after 4 hours of IPTG induction. Recombinant TgROP2 exhibited an apparent Mr equal to 54 kDa. In order to test immunogenicity of the recombinant protein, 10 BALB/c mice received 10 µg of rROP2 protein + 10 µg of Quil-A via intranasal injection. Doses were administered at days 0, 21, and 42. Three animals were euthanized and used to evaluate cell-ular immune response on day 62. Five (50%) and two (20%) out of ten animals produced IgG (DO mean = 0.307; cut-off = 0.240) and IgA (DO mean = 0.133, cut-off = 0.101), respectively, by ELISA on day 62. The proliferation of splenocytes revealed high stimulation index (SI) when co-cultured with 5, 10 and 15 µg.mL-1 of rTgROP2. These results indicate that intranasal immunization with recombinant protein ROP2 plus Quil-A can elicit both cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document