scholarly journals A Performance Comparison of Centralized and Distributed Spectrum Management Techniques in Elastic Optical Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Tushar Mathur ◽  
Gokhan Sahin ◽  
Donald R. Ucci
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Spectrum Efficiency ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Reservation Protocol

Elastic optical networks (EONs) have emerged to provide higher spectrum efficiency than traditional Dense Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (DWDM) by utilizing enabling technologies such as flexible spectrum grid, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), and distance adaptive rate and modulation. The choice of the control-plane is an important consideration when deploying any new technology, especially in optical networks. This paper considers generic distributed and centralized spectrum assignment policies in conjunction with the accompanying connection set-up signaling protocols in EONs. A network simulator for Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching (GMPLS) was developed with Forward Reservation Protocol and Backward Reservation Protocol signaling methods. These signaling techniques are used with the First Fit (FF) and Random Fit (RF) Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) algorithms. The paper discusses control elements (central and distributed architectures) decisions under busy hour and normal network conditions and presents a comprehensive performance analysis of key performance metrics such as connection success rate, connection establishment time, and capacity requirement.

To Mitigate the Effect of Cross-Phase Modulation by Employing PC-DCF Technique in Multi-Tone RoF System

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Kathpal ◽  
Amit Kumar Garg
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Input Power ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Bit Rate ◽  
Cross Phase Modulation

AbstractIt is known that the high bandwidth demands are accomplished by deploying the concept of wavelength division multiplexing in optical networks which involves the transmission of multiple wavelength signals spaced very close to each other. Due to closely spaced wavelengths, the signal power of one channel phase modulates the adjacent channel which in turn produces nonlinear effects such as cross-phase modulation (XPM), self-phase modulation (SPM) and four-wave mixing (FWM). Thus, in this paper, PC-DCF (pre-compensating dispersion compensating fiber) technique has been demonstrated and evaluated in the transmission link to compensate the XPM effects, and this result seems to significantly enhance w.r.t. transmission performance and system capacity considering performance metrics such as Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR), bit rate, Q-factor and bit error rate (BER). It is evident from the simulation results as well as through mathematical modeling that the proposed technique (PC-DCF) provides optimum results at the channel spacing of 100 GHz, bit rate of 10 Gbps and input power of 5 mW which collectively provides a 5 dB increase in OSNR as compared to the existing compensating technique.

The performance comparison of hybrid WDM/TDM, TDM and WDM PONs with 128 ONUs

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadjira Hamadouche ◽  
Boualem Merabet ◽  
Mouweffeq Bouregaa
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Time Division ◽  
Quality Factor Q

AbstractHere, we have simulated different unidirectional passive optical networks (PONs) technologies such as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM) and hybridPONs with different users for varying fiber length, data rate, continuous wave laser power and number of users. Their performances based on the quality-factor (Q-factor) and bit error rate (BER) using OptiSystem software 7.0 with using an Erbium doped-fiber amplifier (EDFA) were compared. Our model used 16 and 128 users, where the performance of the unidirectional Hybrid WDM/TDM PONs with 4 wavelengths and 128 user systems have better high Q-factor and lower BER, compared to that of 128 user WDM PON and 128 user TDM PON systems.

scholarly journals Hybrid OFDM RoF-Based WDM-PON/MMW Backhaul Architecture For Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Thu Ngo ◽  
Thu Anh Pham ◽  
Nhan Duc Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc The Dang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Heterogeneous Wireless Networks ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Noise Amplifier ◽  
Wdm Pon

In this paper, a hybrid backhaul architecture, which is based on wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PON) and millimeter-wave (MMW) communications, is proposed to deliver orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals in heterogeneous wireless networks. MMW radio-over-fiber (RoF) technique, which combines the advantages of the both optical fiber and wireless communications, is used to simplify the base stations and provide flexibility long reach and high capacity connections. The feasibility of the proposed hybrid backhaul architecture is investigated via the bit-error rate (BER) performance of a downlink under the impacts of fiber nonlinear, wireless fading and noise components including clipping noise, amplifier noise and photodetector noise. The numerical results obtained from this study help to determine the optimum system parameters such as the optical launched power, modulation index, and amplifier gain so as to minimize the link’s BER.

scholarly journals Performance Comparison of MIMO Technology over LTE-A System

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Khalid Hussein Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Adaptive Modulation ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Spatial Multiplexing ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Maximum Throughput

Third generation partnership project (3GPP) has been introducing The Long Term Evolution (LTE) (release8) and LTE advance (LTE-A) (release 10)fourth generations as a new access technology to mobile communication in order to meet the tremendous requirement  of data traffic.   LTE-A have adopted modern techniques such as Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO)and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM to satisfy all the requirements and meet the tremendous growth of data. LTE-A with MIMO system scheme based on transmission mode Close Loop Spatial Multiplexing (CLSM).CLSM  transmission modes used for doubling the bit stream and consequently increased the data rate with Adaptive modulation schemes. In this paper, The performance metrics considered are throughput. These are used to evaluate the performance of LTE-A in (AWGN) channel and Rayleigh Fading channel with detection schemes for CLSM with different band width (3, 5 and 10 MHz) and the following results has been obtained : at the same bandwidth (10 MHz) for 8x8 MIMO channel and AWGN at SNR (25dB) the maximum throughput equal(224.3 Mb/S) while in Rayleigh the throughput equal(203.8 Mb/S) . A MATLAB simulation version  R2013a has been used to complete the analysis and comparison.

Investigations of wavelength division multiplexing-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (WDM-OFDM) system with 50 Gb/s optical access

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gagandeep Kumar ◽  
Kulwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Laser Power ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Frequency Division ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Ofdm Signal ◽  
Power Mapping ◽  
Ofdm Signals

Abstract In the present work, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is combined with wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical networks (WDMPONs) to obtain the combined benefits of both technologies for overall system improvement. performance of five OFDM signals using WDM is analyzed. An optical system is designed using the OFDM signal, and its performance is analyzed using various matrices like bit error rate (BER) and Q-factor under the effect of varying laser power. Mapping of OFDM signals is done using 16-QAM modulation. The system shows an enhancement in the performance by increasing the laser power but up to some limit, and efficient results are obtained in the 70–130 mW laser power range.

Comparative Analysis of Clustering using AODV DSDV and CBRP

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.8) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Arshdeep Kaur ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Arora ◽  
Mahedi Masud
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
The Impact

In a network whether wireless or wired, a set of protocols which are used to distribute the information through various routes between the nodes are said to be the routing protocols which serves as a majorly vital part of the computer networks. They specify the particular and specific path of information exchange by the sending and receiving of packets. Vehicular ad- hoc networks are quite emerging technologies of today’s era presenting the provision of seamless and uninterrupted communication in the network of mobile nodes in dynamic environment. Routing itself proves to be quite a considerable and crucial challenge where the routing protocol named AODV performs its best by proving itself considerably more efficient. The stated paper focuses on the Performance comparison of the conventional protocols AODV and DSDV where AODV outperforms DSDV and offers better QoS but such conventional protocol proves to be inauspicious in VANET. This paper gives verification of better QoS of cluster based routing protocol CBR over the conventional routing protocols. The Simulation and comparison results have been carried out in Network Simulator NS-2 to briefly elaborate the impact of AODV DSDV and CBR routing protocols on the bases of Throughput, Normalized Routing Load, Control overheads, delay, Jitter and Packet drop ratio as performance metrics.  

Performance Modeling and Analysis of WDM Optical Networks under Wavelength Continuity Constraint using MILP

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Bhalaik ◽  
Ashutosh Sharma ◽  
Rajiv Kumar ◽  
Neeru Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Network Design ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Topology Design ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Wdm Optical Networks ◽  
Virtual Topology ◽  
Wdm Network

Objective: Optical networks exploit the Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) to meet the ever-growing bandwidth demands of upcoming communication applications. This is achieved by dividing the enormous transmission bandwidth of fiber into smaller communication channels. The major problem with WDM network design is to find an optimal path between two end users and allocate an available wavelength to the chosen path for the successful data transmission. Methods: This communication over a WDM network is carried out through lightpaths. The merging of all these lightpaths in an optical network generates a virtual topology which is suitable for the optimal network design to meet the increasing traffic demands. But, this virtual topology design is an NP-hard problem. This paper aims to explore Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) framework to solve this design issue. Results: The comparative results of the proposed and existing mathematical models show that the proposed algorithm outperforms with the various performance parameters. Conclusion: Finally, it is concluded that network congestion is reduced marginally in the overall performance of the network.

scholarly journals Microarchitectural Characterization on a Mobile Workload

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Woohyong Lee ◽  
Jiyoung Lee ◽  
Bo Kyung Park ◽  
R. Young Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Instruction Level Parallelism ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Performance Events ◽  
Hardware Performance Counters ◽  
On Chip ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Level Parallelism

Geekbench is one of the most referenced cross-platform benchmarks in the mobile world. Most of its workloads are synthetic but some of them aim to simulate real-world behavior. In the mobile world, its microarchitectural behavior has been reported rarely since the hardware profiling features are limited to the public. As a popular mobile performance workload, it is hard to find Geekbench’s microarchitecture characteristics in mobile devices. In this paper, a thorough experimental study of Geekbench performance characterization is reported with detailed performance metrics. This study also identifies mobile system on chip (SoC) microarchitecture impacts, such as the cache subsystem, instruction-level parallelism, and branch performance. After the study, we could understand the bottleneck of workloads, especially in the cache sub-system. This means that the change of data set size directly impacts performance score significantly in some systems and will ruin the fairness of the CPU benchmark. In the experiment, Samsung’s Exynos9820-based platform was used as the tested device with Android Native Development Kit (NDK) built binaries. The Exynos9820 is a superscalar processor capable of dual issuing some instructions. To help performance analysis, we enable the capability to collect performance events with performance monitoring unit (PMU) registers. The PMU is a set of hardware performance counters which are built into microprocessors to store the counts of hardware-related activities. Throughout the experiment, functional and microarchitectural performance profiles were fully studied. This paper describes the details of the mobile performance studies above. In our experiment, the ARM DS5 tool was used for collecting runtime PMU profiles including OS-level performance data. After the comparative study is completed, users will understand more about the mobile architecture behavior, and this will help to evaluate which benchmark is preferable for fair performance comparison.

Optical Networks Performance Optimization Based on Hybrid Configurations of Optical Fiber Amplifiers and Optical Receivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Amiri ◽  
Fatma Mohammed Aref Mahmoud Houssien ◽  
Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed ◽  
Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Fiber Amplifiers ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Optical Fiber Amplifiers

AbstractThe 16-channels dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems have been optimized by utilizing hybrid configurations of conventional optical fiber amplifiers (EDFA, RAMAN and SOA) and optical photodetectors (PIN, APD(Si) and APD(InGaAs)). The DWDM systems were implemented for 5 Gb/s channel speed using one of these configurations with 100 GHz channel spacing and 25 km amplifying section. The hybrid configurations are the combinations of (PIN + EDFA), (PIN + RAMAN), (PIN + SOA), (APD(Si) + EDFA), (APD(Si) + RAMAN), (APD(Si) + SOA), (APD(InGaAs) + EDFA), (APD(InGaAs) + RAMAN) and (APD(InGaAs) + SOA). Based on BER, Q-factor and eye diagrams, the performance was compared for these configurations under influences of various thermal noise levels of photodetectors over different fiber lengths ranging from 25 km up to 150 km. The results revealed that both APD structures give optimum performance at input power Pin = 5 dBm due to high internal avalanche gain. EDFA outperforms RAMAN and SOA amplifiers. SOA amplifier shows degraded performance because of nonlinearity effects induced. RAMAN amplifier seems to be the best alternative for long reach DWDM systems because it minimizes the effects of fiber nonlinearities. The configuration (APD(Si) + EDFA) is the most efficient and recommended to be used for transmission distance beyond 100 km due to its larger Q-factor.

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