scholarly journals Solving the Complexity Problem in the Electronics Production Process by Reducing the Sensitivity of Transmission Line Characteristics to Their Parameter Variations

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talgat R. Gazizov ◽  
Indira Ye. Sagiyeva ◽  
Sergey P. Kuksenko
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complexity Problem ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
Parameter Values

In this paper we consider the complexity problem in electronics production process. Particularly, we investigate the ways to reduce sensitivity of transmission line characteristics to their parameter variations. The reduction is shown for the per-unit-length delay and characteristic impedance of several modifications of microstrip transmission lines. It can be obtained by means of making an optimal choice of parameter values, enabling proper electric field redistribution in the air and the substrate. To achieve this aim we used an effective simulation technique and software tools. Taken together, for the first time, they have allowed formulating general approach which is relevant to solve a wide range of similar tasks.

scholarly journals Applying the Retarded Solutions of Electromagnetic Fields to Transmission Line RLGC Modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
P. Ye ◽  
B. Gore ◽  
P. Huray
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Propagation Constant ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Simulation Methods ◽  
Arbitrary Length ◽  
Small Segment ◽  
Numerical Simulation Methods

The RLGC model, and its variations, is one of the most common techniques to simulate Transmission Lines. The RLGC model uses circuit network elements consisting of Resistance R, Inductance L, Conductance G and Capacitance C (per unit length) to represent a small segment of the Transmission Line, and then cascades multiple segments to simulate the Transmission Line of arbitrary length. Typically the parameters in RLGC model are extracted from the propagation constant and characteristic impedance of the transmission line, which are found using numerical simulation methods. These resulting RLGC parameters for multi-GHz signaling are usually frequency-dependent. This paper introduces an analytical approach to extract RLGC parameters to simulate transmission line, which results in a different model, the RLGC(p) model.

Flexible Metamaterials RF Filters Implemented through Micromachining LCP Substrates

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000555-000579
Author(s):  
Jonathan Richard ◽  
Robert Dean
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Series ◽  
Invisibility Cloaks

Metamaterials have a wide range of potential uses in areas such as optics, transmission lines, and RF design. The simplest metamaterial structures are Split-Ring Resonators (SRR) and Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (CSSR). Through the combination of various forms of these structures, different applications in the areas previously stated can be achieved. Under this investigation, a metamaterials transmission line was realized through micromachining a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate. Not only does LCP possess useful RF properties, it can also be easily micromachined. This transmission line consisted of several CSSRs in series, which performed as a high-order, high-frequency high-pass filter. This structure was unique to most metamaterial structures because LCP is a flexible substrate. It was observed that the resonant frequency of the filter did not change when the LCP transmission line was flexed in various ways. Next, micromachined vias were etched through the LCP substrate to demonstrate that these features do not affect the filter's response. Through utilization of these vias, the metamaterial structures can be physically conformed to nearly any shape or mounted onto another object without affecting the filter's response. As demonstrated in a simple filter structure, the shape manipulation has very little effect. Theoretically, extrapolating these methods to the development of metamaterials 3D RF invisibility cloaks, that are easily realizable and mountable onto an object, could prove useful.

Transmission Line

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-71
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Propagation Constant ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Lumped Elements

A transmission line (TL) is simply a medium that is capable of guiding or propagating electromagnetic energy. The transmission line stores the electric (E) and magnetic (M) energies and distributes them in space by alternating them between the two forms. This means that at any point along a TL, energy is stored in a mixture of E and M forms and, for an alternating signal at any point on the TL, converted from one form to the other as time progresses. Transmission line is usually modelled using lumped elements (i.e., inductors for magnetic energy, capacitors for electric energy, and resistors for modelling losses). The electrical characteristics of a TL such as the propagation constant, the attenuation constant, the characteristic impedance, and the distributed circuit parameters can only be determined from the knowledge of the fields surrounding the transmission line. This chapter gives a brief overview of various transmission lines, with more detailed discussions on the microstrip and the SIW.

scholarly journals Note on surges of voltage and current in transmission lines

1936 ◽  
Vol 156 (887) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
The Self ◽  
Practical Calculation ◽  
Electrical Transmission ◽  
Present Treatment ◽  
Distant Point ◽  
The Subject

The increase in extent and capacity of electrical transmission systems lends increasing importance to the subject matter of this note; for excessive survoltage, particularly when it occurs suddenly, is apt to damage equipment and endanger life, cause a large and virtually instantaneous rise of potential at the point struck; and it is important, in the study of its effects, to determine the resulting disturbance at a distant point of the line. A solution of the fundamental case of an infinite transmission line, at the end of which a change of potential suddenly occurs, was propounded by Heaviside, but this solution appears to be incorrect. It nevertheless seems to have been very generally accepted by engineers who have dealt with the problem. The subject has also been discussed by Jeffreys, but it is felt that the present treatment offers advantages, not only in that it leads to a clearer physical apprehension of the phenomena, but also as being more amenable to the purpose of practical calculation. The equations between voltage V and current i at any point x and time t are d V/ dx + L di / dt + R i = 0, (1) di / dx + K d V/ dt + SV = 0, (2) where R is the resistance, S the leakage conductance, L the self-induction, and K the capacity of the line-all reckoned per unit length. Whence, d 2 V/ dx 2 = LK d 2 V/ dt 2 + (RK + SL) d V/ dt +RSV. (3)

Testing of Flexible Metamaterial RF Filters Implemented through Micromachining LCP Substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001115-001138
Author(s):  
Robert Dean ◽  
Jonathan Richard
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Planar Surfaces ◽  
Rf Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Series

Metamaterials have a wide range of potential uses in areas such as optics, transmission lines, and RF design. The simplest metamaterial structures are Split-Ring Resonators (SRR) and Complementary Split-Ring Resonators (CSSR). Through the combination of various forms of these structures, different applications in the areas previously stated can be achieved. Under this investigation, a metamaterials transmission line was realized through micromachining a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) substrate. Not only does LCP possess useful RF properties, it is flexible and micromachinable. This transmission line consisted of several CSSRs in series, which performed as a high-order, high-frequency filter. This structure was unique to most metamaterial structures because LCP is a flexible substrate. Prototype filters were fabricated and evaluated. One test involved flexing the devices over various radii of PVC pipe sections to evaluate the effects of flexing the substrate on the filter's performance. The filter properties were shown to maintain approximately the same frequency and roll-off while being bent over the various radii of curvature. Therefore, arrays of these filters could be fabricated with planar processes and attached to non-planar surfaces, such as airfoils, for uses such as radar cloaking.

The Small Signal Response of Annular Pneumatic Transmission Lines

1974 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-383
Author(s):  
E. F. Moore ◽  
M. E. Franke
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Slip Flow ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Small Signal ◽  
Annular Cross Section ◽  
Flow Effects ◽  
Energy Equations

The small signal frequency response of rigid pneumatic transmission lines of annular cross section has been obtained. Dimensionless expressions for the velocity and temperature profiles are obtained by solving the unsteady continuity, momentum, and energy equations for the boundary conditions of isothermal walls and no-slip flow at the walls. As a consequence, shear flow effects are included. By electric-pneumatic analogy the series impedance and shunt admittance per unit length of line are obtained and used to find the characteristic impedance and propagation operator. These quantities are shown to be dependent on both the signal frequency and the radius ratio of the annular cross-section. The annular line results are compared with previously obtained results for circular and rectangular lines.

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive Reflective-Mode Defect Detectors and Dielectric Constant Sensors Based on Open-Ended Stepped-Impedance Transmission Lines

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6236
Author(s):  
Pau Casacuberta ◽  
Jonathan Muñoz-Enano ◽  
Paris Vélez ◽  
Lijuan Su ◽  
Marta Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Phase Variation ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
High Impedance ◽  
Line Section ◽  
Highly Sensitive

In this paper, reflective-mode phase-variation sensors based on open-ended stepped-impedance transmission lines with optimized sensitivity for their use as defect detectors and dielectric constant sensors are reported. The sensitive part of the sensors consists of either a 90° high-impedance or a 180° low-impedance open-ended sensing line. To optimize the sensitivity, such a sensing line is cascaded to a 90° transmission line section with either low or high characteristic impedance, resulting in a stepped-impedance transmission line configuration. For validation purposes, two different sensors are designed and fabricated. One of the sensors is implemented by means of a 90° high impedance (85 Ω) open-ended sensing line cascaded to a 90° low impedance (15 Ω) transmission line section. The other sensor consists of a 180° 15-Ω open-ended sensing line cascaded to a 90° 85-Ω line. Sensitivity optimization for the measurement of dielectric constants in the vicinity of that corresponding to the Rogers RO4003C substrate (i.e., with dielectric constant 3.55) is carried out. The functionality as a defect detector is demonstrated by measuring the phase-variation in samples consisting of the uncoated Rogers RO4003C substrate (the reference sample) with arrays of holes of different densities.

scholarly journals Matching the termination of radiating non-uniform transmission-lines

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rambousky ◽  
J. Nitsch ◽  
H. Garbe
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Line ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Single Wire ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Radiated Power ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Cooperative Process

Abstract. In this contribution a concept of matching the termination of radiating non-uniform transmission-lines is proposed. Using Transmission-Line Super Theory, position and frequency dependent line parameters can be obtained. Therefore, a characteristic impedance can be determined which is also position and frequency dependent. For a single wire transmission-line it could be shown that the maximum value of that characteristic impedance is an optimal termination in the sense of minimizing the variation of the current on the line. This indicates that matching is not a local effect at the position of the concentrated load but a cooperative process including the whole non-uniform transmission-line. In addition this choice of termination minimizes the variation of the radiated power over frequency.

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