scholarly journals Impact of the Application of Domestic Wastewater by Subsurface Drip Irrigation on the Soil Solution in Sugarcane Cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aline Azevedo Nazário ◽  
Ivo Zution Gonçalves ◽  
Eduardo Augusto Agnellos Barbosa ◽  
Leonardo Nazário Silva dos Santos ◽  
Daniel Rodrigues Cavalcante Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
The Impact

The agricultural use of domestic sewage is a viable alternative for recycling nutrients; however, there is concern regarding the impact of its use due to the concentration of chemical elements present in this type of effluent. The use of principal component analysis determines the existence or lack of anomalous samples and the relations between measured variables and their relative contribution among samples that help in monitoring the impact of the use of effluents on soil chemical components. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify nutrient ions present in the soil solution during the first ratoon sugarcane irrigated with treated domestic sewage applied by subsurface drip irrigation. The experiment was conducted under a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments were distributed according to the type of water applied in the irrigation system (water surface reservoir and treated domestic sewage), the installation depth of the drip tapes (0.2 or 0.4 m depth), and the treatment without irrigation. By means of soil solution, it was possible to identify an increase in the concentration of salts in the treatments irrigated with treated domestic sewage, which however did not affect the soil quality in the short term. The principal component analysis selected the variables Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3−, K+, and EC as soil solution indicators to monitor areas irrigated with treated domestic sewage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Shallow Subsurface Drip Irrigation for the Production of Acorn Squash

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Coolong
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
The Impact

Subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) has been increasingly used for the production of numerous agronomic crops and a limited number of vegetable crops. To determine the impact of SDI compared with surface drip irrigation (SUR), a study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 with ‘Table Queen’ acorn squash (Cucurbita pepo var. turbinata) with irrigation initiated at 75% and 50% plant available water (PAW). The study was arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design and plants were grown with two irrigation types (SUR or SDI) and two tensiometer-controlled irrigation regimes. Results from 2011 suggested that SDI used less water compared with SUR at each irrigation set point. However, in 2012, significantly more water was used in all treatments due to warmer temperatures and less rainfall. In 2012, SDI used more water than SUR treatments at the same irrigation set point. In 2012, yield was affected by irrigation treatment. Plants grown using SUR irrigating at 75% PAW had greater numbers of fruit compared with other treatments. Furthermore, the highest yielding treatment had more than twice the number of irrigation events than the other treatments though the average lengths of irrigation events were shorter. Although overall yields were greater in 2012, irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) was lower than in 2011 due to increased water use. These results suggest that while SDI may have some advantages over traditional SUR, environmental factors during growth can significantly impact the efficiency and productivity of each system.

Evaluation of the Aging Behavior of High Density Polyethylene in Thermal Oxidative Environment by Principal Component Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
pp. 447-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Dai ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Jian Jian Yang ◽  
Jun Jun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
High Density ◽  
Aging Behavior ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact

To evaluate the aging behavior of high density polyethylene (HDPE) under an artificial accelerated environment, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to establish a non-dimensional expression Z from a data set of multiple degradation parameters of HDPE. In this study, HDPE samples were exposed to the accelerated thermal oxidative environment for different time intervals up to 64 days. The results showed that the combined evaluating parameter Z was characterized by three-stage changes. The combined evaluating parameter Z increased quickly in the first 16 days of exposure and then leveled off. After 40 days, it began to increase again. Among the 10 degradation parameters, branching degree, carbonyl index and hydroxyl index are strongly associated. The tensile modulus is highly correlated with the impact strength. The tensile strength, tensile modulus and impact strength are negatively correlated with the crystallinity.

scholarly journals Modeling of Fertilizer Transport for Various Fertigation Scenarios under Drip Irrigation

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romysaa Elasbah ◽  
Tarek Selim ◽  
Ahmed Mirdan ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Subsurface Drip Irrigation ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Subsurface Drip ◽  
The Impact

Frequent application of nitrogen fertilizers through irrigation is likely to increase the concentration of nitrate in groundwater. In this study, the HYDRUS-2D/3D model was used to simulate fertilizer movement through the soil under surface (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with 10 and 20 cm emitter depths for tomato growing in three different typical and representative Egyptian soil types, namely sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam. Ammonium, nitrate, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were considered during simulation. Laboratory experiments were conducted to estimate the soils’ adsorption behavior. The impact of soil hydraulic properties and fertigation strategies on fertilizer distribution and use efficiency were investigated. Results showed that for DI, the percentage of nitrogen accumulated below the zone of maximum root density was 33%, 28%, and 24% for sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam soil, respectively. For SDI with 10 and 20 cm emitter depths, it was 34%, 29%, and 26%, and 44%, 37%, and 35%, respectively. Results showed that shallow emitter depth produced maximum nitrogen use efficiency varying from 27 to 37%, regardless of fertigation strategy. Therefore, subsurface drip irrigation with a shallow emitter depth is recommended for medium-textured soils. Moreover, the study showed that to reduce potential fertilizer leaching, fertilizers should be added at the beginning of irrigation events for SDI and at the end of irrigation events for DI. As nitrate uptake rate and leaching are affected by soil’s adsorption, it is important to determine the adsorption coefficient for nitrate before planting, as it will help to precisely assign application rates. This will lead to improve nutrient uptake and minimize potential leaching.

Principal Component Analysis and Stability of Genotypes in French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rajasekhar Reddy ◽  
Maneesh Pandey ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
P.M. Singh ◽  
N. Rai
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Stable Yield

Background: Principal component analysis and Finlay-Wilkinson stability analysis were carried out at research farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi to identify diverse french bean genotypes for green pod yield and suitable genotypes for stable yield and yield related parameters.Methods: All the 24 genotypes were laid out in randomized block design with two replications during winter, 2017 and 2018. Principal component analysis and stability analysis was done to identify the diverse and stable genotypes.Result: Eight principal components were observed and the maximum variability was concentrated in the first three principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 which contributed to 68.61% variance. Cluster analysis from principal component scores formed three clusters with a maximum of seventeen genotypes in cluster I followed by six genotypes in cluster II and one genotype in cluster III. High heritability was observed for 10 pod weight, number of pods per cluster and number of seeds per pod and moderate heritability was observed for yield per plant. Finlay-Wilkinson stability analysis identified the stable genotypes viz., FMGCV 1378, FMGCV 0958, Arka Suvidha, Valentino, Banoa and VRFBB-14-2 for green pod yield per plant, Cartagenta for pod length (cm) and Paulista, Slender Pack, Arka Suvidha, Valentino, FMGCV 0958, Banoa, FORC 6V 1136, VRFBB-14-1, VRFBB-14-2 for number of pods per plant.

scholarly journals Inheritance and Heritability of Resistance to Citrus Leprosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
pp. 1092-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinês Bastianel ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira ◽  
Mariângela Cristofani ◽  
Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho ◽  
Juliana Freitas-Astúa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Factorial Analysis ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Measured Variable ◽  
Citrus Leprosis ◽  
Discriminant Factorial Analysis

The genetic inheritance of resistance to leprosis, the most important viral disease of citrus in Brazil, was characterized through the phenotypic assessment of 143 hybrids resulting from crosses between tangor ‘Murcott’ (Citrus sinensis × C. reticulata) and sweet orange ‘Pêra’ (C. sinensis), considered to be resistant and susceptible to the disease, respectively. All plants were grafted onto Rangpur lime (C. limonia) and inoculated with Citrus leprosis virus, cytoplasmic type through the infestation with viruliferous mites, Brevipalpus phoenicis. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized block design with 10 replicates. Incidence and severity of the disease in leaves and stems as well as plant growth parameters (plant height and stem diameter) were recorded for 3 years after the infestation with the viruliferous mites. The average values of all variables were analyzed using principal component analysis, discriminant factorial analysis, estimation of the clonal repeatability coefficients, and frequency of the distributions of the average values for each measured variable. The principal component analysis resulted in the identification of at least two groups with resistance and susceptibility to leprosis, respectively. About 99% of all hybrids were correctly classified according to the discriminant factorial analysis. The broad-sense heritability coefficients for characteristics associated with incidence and severity of leprosis ranged from 0.88 to 0.96. The data suggest that the inheritance of resistance to leprosis may be controlled by only a few genes.

The Comprehensive Evaluation on Financial Performance of the Ceramic Company Based on Principal Component Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1098-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Cheng He ◽  
Hong Tao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Components Method ◽  
The Impact

The ceramic company financial performance indicator has multilayers, many dimensions and intersect characters, and the comprehensive evaluation on it is a big challenge. Firstly, this paper introduces principal component analysis theory and tool. Secondly, it constructs the four-dimensional evaluating indicator system based on “debt-paying ability, operation capability, profitability, and development capability”. In the end, based on the financial report data, this paper conducts an empirical principal component analysis on 20 typical ceramic enterprises’ financial performance. The conclusion is that the ceramic business finance performance is mainly decided by four greatest factors including “debt-paying ability, profitability, efficiency, development” and the impact of the four greatest factors upon the finance performance degree is different. This research’s innovation lies in using the principal components method to give the weight to the evaluating indicators objectively, providing not only the new tool for the ceramic enterprise financial performance assessment method’s evolution, but also the new mentality for the ceramic enterprise financial performance’s improvement.

scholarly journals Principal Component Analysis in the Nonlinear Dynamics of Beams: Purification of the Signal from Noise Induced by the Nonlinearity of Beam Vibrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Krysko ◽  
Jan Awrejcewicz ◽  
Irina V. Papkova ◽  
Olga Szymanowska ◽  
V. A. Krysko
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Geometric Nonlinearity ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Harmonic Load ◽  
Linear And Nonlinear ◽  
The Impact

The paper discusses the impact of the von Kármán type geometric nonlinearity introduced to a mathematical model of beam vibrations on the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the signal for the proposed mathematical models of beam vibrations. An attempt is made to separate vibrations of continuous mechanical systems subjected to a harmonic load from noise induced by the nonlinearity of the system by employing the principal component analysis (PCA). Straight beams lying on Winkler foundations are analysed. Differential equations are obtained based on the Bernoulli-Euler, Timoshenko, and Sheremetev-Pelekh-Levinson-Reddy hypotheses. Solutions to linear and nonlinear differential equations are found using the principal component analysis (PCA).

The Principal Component Analysis of Coastal Areas

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3703-3706
Author(s):  
Qiu Ju Wang ◽  
Da Shen Xue
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Principal Component Analysis Analysis ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

In order to development the economic of China's coastal areas better, the paper mainly discusses the coastal areas of China's consumer price factors, the main use of software SPSS, using statistical analysis, principal component analysis, analysis that the impact is the main component of consumer prices and reached the level of consumer prices in coastal areas, which is conducive to the Government to take appropriate measures to faster and better development of the region's economy.

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